Introduction to Android Studio Introduction to Android StudioWelcome to Mastering QA! In this guide, we’ll start by introducing you to Android Studio, the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Android app development. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced user, understanding Android Studio is crucial for building and testing Android applications.What is Android Studio?Android Studio is the official IDE for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for developing and debugging Android applications, including a robust code editor, emulator, and more.Key FeaturesHere are some features of Android Studio: Intelligent Code Editor: Offers code completion, refactoring, and analysis. Visual Layout Editor: Design your app visually with drag-and-drop functionality. Flexible Build System: Powered by Gradle, it allows for custom build configurations. Real-time Profiler: Monitor your app's CPU, memory, and network activity in real-time.How To Install Android StudioTo begin the installation process for Android Studio, first, proceed to the official website by selecting this link: Download Android Studio. As of the creation of this document, the most current version of Android Studio is Hedgehog To download this version, click on the Download Android Studio Hedgehog button. Doing so will direct you to the Terms and Conditions page. Android Studio - Hedgehog Version Carefully examine the details outlined in the Terms and Conditions and ensure to mark the checkbox indicating your acknowledgment and agreement with the stated terms. Depending on the specific chip architecture of your Mac, select the appropriate download option to initiate the download of the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). For instance, as I am utilizing a Mac equipped with an Apple chip, I will proceed by selecting the corresponding option designated for Apple silicon Choose A Download Version Compatible For Your MachineSelect a destination for the file to be saved, and upon completion, the file will be located in your designated folder. To initiate the installation process of Android Studio, double-click the file. This action will launch the Android Studio Installer. Proceed by dragging the application into the Applications folder, ensuring it is accessible from the Launchpad for your convenience. Find The DMG File & Add It to Your Applications FolderAfter transferring the Android Studio application to the Applications folder, proceed to double-click the Android Studio icon. You will then be prompted by Apple to verify trust for the application. Upon confirmation, Android Studio will initiate, first presenting tips for optimal usage, followed by the Welcome screen to begin your development journey. Android Studio Welcome ScreenConfiguring The SDKTo configure the SDK on a Mac, ensure that the Android Studio application is active and in the foreground. Next, navigate to the top left corner of your screen, click on Android Studio, and from the dropdown menu, select Settings… Navigating to the Settings Screen in Android StudioUpon accessing the Settings screen, please proceed to the Languages and Frameworks section. Languages & Frameworks via the SettingsPlease proceed to expand the dropdown menu in order to access the Android SDK Settings. Should you encounter a notification indicating “The Android SDK location cannot be at the file system root” kindly select the Edit option to proceed to SDK Components Setup screen. Android SDK & Add The SDK Path Installing The Android SDK PlatformIn this scenario, the screen indicates the presence of an existing Android SDK, which is beneficial. Please proceed by clicking Next Following this, we will be directed to the Verify Settings screen for further confirmation. Verify Settings ScreenGiven that Android Studio has already identified the SDK’s location, we may proceed by selecting Next to advance further in the process. Click Finish To Complete The SDK SetupSince that the SDK is already up to date, we may proceed by selecting Finish This action will redirect us back to the SDK Tools and Platforms screen. View The Different Android Platform Versions Available to DownloadNext, we will select and download various Android platforms, which will be essential for building an Android emulator later on. Below, you will find a comprehensive list of Android versions, allowing you to precisely choose the version you wish to utilize for your application’s development. A Comprehensive List of Android VersionsI have opted to select Android Studio version 13.0, corresponding to API version 34. Adjacent to this option, a download icon is displayed, signifying that this specific version will be downloaded. Select Android Studio Version 13.0Subsequently, proceed to select the SDK Tools tab, then carefully choose all the components listed in Step 2 below. Once completed, click on Apply to proceed with the installation. Click Apply To Download The VersionA confirmation screen will be displayed, enumerating all selected Android platforms and SDK Tools. Please click OK to initiate the download process. Confirm Changes & Click OkUpon completing all necessary steps, please click on Finish to conclude the process. Android SDK Component Setup Is Complete After completing this step, you will be redirected to the Android SDK screen. Please proceed by simply clicking OK To verify that all processes have executed as expected, it is recommended that you close and then reopen Android Studio. This measure ensures the smooth integration of any changes.ConclusionAndroid Studio is a powerful tool that lays the foundation for Android development. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through setting up your first Android emulator, a crucial step for testing your applications. Continue to Setting Up Your First Android Emulator to learn more.
Maven Articles Introduction to Maven How To Create A New Maven Project in Eclipse Configuring Maven for Automated Testing Advanced Maven Configurations Introduction to Maven How To Create A New Maven Project in EclipseWhen working with automation testing frameworks like Selenium, TestNG, or JUnit, Maven can greatly simplify the management of test dependencies, execution of test cases, and integration with CI tools like Jenkins. By automating these processes, Maven allows teams to maintain consistent testing environments, reduce human error, and speed up the development lifecycle.This guide will walk you through the process of installing Maven on your Mac, enabling you to streamline your automation testing setup and enhance your development workflow.Creating A New Maven Project Open Eclipse IDE: Launch Eclipse IDE on your computer. Click on File in the top menu. Select New from the dropdown menu. Click on Other... to open the wizard window.Select Maven Project In the wizard window, scroll down to find the Maven folder. Expand the Maven folder. Select Maven Project. Click Next.Configure Project Location In the New Maven Project window, you can choose to create a simple project (skip archetype selection) or leave it unchecked to select an archetype. You can also check the option Use default Workspace location or specify a custom location. Click Next.Select An ArchetypeIf you didn’t select to create a simple project, you will be prompted to select an archetype. An archetype is a template for generating a project.By default, maven-archetype-quickstart is a good choice for a simple Java project.Select the archetype maven-archetype-quickstart.Click Next.Define Project PropertiesFill in the Group Id. This is the unique identifier for your project’s group, usually in the form of a domain name (e.g., com.example).Fill in the Artifact Id. This is the name of the jar without version, usually the project’s name.Fill in the Version. The version of the project (e.g., 1.0-SNAPSHOT).Optionally, fill in the Package (e.g., com.example.app). By default, it uses the group ID.Click Finish.Project StructureEclipse will create the Maven project structure in your workspace. The typical structure includes:src/main/java for your Java source files.src/test/java for your test Java files.pom.xml for your Maven Project Object Model configuration file.Add Dependencies to pom.xml fileOpen the pom.xml file to add dependencies, plugins, and other configurations as needed for your project.ConclusionInstalling Maven on your Mac is a straightforward process that brings powerful automation capabilities to your development environment. Whether you’re managing complex automation testing projects or integrating with CI/CD pipelines, Maven is an invaluable tool that enhances efficiency and consistency across your projects. Configuring Maven for Automated Testing Advanced Maven Configurations
Jenkins Articles Getting Started with Jenkins Setting Up Your First Jenkins Pipeline for Automated Testing Mastering Jenkinsfile for Scalable CI/CD Workflows Integrating Jenkins with Test Automation Frameworks Best Practices for Jenkins in QA DevOps Pipelines Getting Started with Jenkins Setting Up Your First Jenkins Pipeline for Automated Testing Mastering Jenkinsfile for Scalable CI/CD Workflows Integrating Jenkins with Test Automation Frameworks Best Practices for Jenkins in QA DevOps Pipelines
Android Studio Official Docs Explore the latest tools and features for Android development on the Official Android Studio website. Stay updated with the most powerful integrated development environment (IDE) designed specifically for building & testing high-quality Android apps! Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member!FrameworksAccelerate your testing with our premium Android UI Test Framework. Gain the tools you need to automate, optimize, and perfect your app’s user experience with ease. Android UI Test Framework Purchase Access to the Android UI Test Framework Articles Introduction to Android Studio Setting Up Your First Android Emulator Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator Using ADB with Android Emulators Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators Performance Testing on Android Emulators Introduction to Android Studio Introduction to Android StudioWelcome to Mastering QA! In this guide, we’ll start by introducing you to Android Studio, the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Android app development. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced user, understanding Android Studio is crucial for building and testing Android applications.What is Android Studio?Android Studio is the official IDE for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for developing and debugging Android applications, including a robust code editor, emulator, and more.Key FeaturesHere are some features of Android Studio: Intelligent Code Editor: Offers code completion, refactoring, and analysis. Visual Layout Editor: Design your app visually with drag-and-drop functionality. Flexible Build System: Powered by Gradle, it allows for custom build configurations. Real-time Profiler: Monitor your app's CPU, memory, and network activity in real-time.How To Install Android StudioTo begin the installation process for Android Studio, first, proceed to the official website by selecting this link: Download Android Studio. As of the creation of this document, the most current version of Android Studio is Hedgehog To download this version, click on the Download Android Studio Hedgehog button. Doing so will direct you to the Terms and Conditions page. Android Studio - Hedgehog Version Carefully examine the details outlined in the Terms and Conditions and ensure to mark the checkbox indicating your acknowledgment and agreement with the stated terms. Depending on the specific chip architecture of your Mac, select the appropriate download option to initiate the download of the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). For instance, as I am utilizing a Mac equipped with an Apple chip, I will proceed by selecting the corresponding option designated for Apple silicon Choose A Download Version Compatible For Your MachineSelect a destination for the file to be saved, and upon completion, the file will be located in your designated folder. To initiate the installation process of Android Studio, double-click the file. This action will launch the Android Studio Installer. Proceed by dragging the application into the Applications folder, ensuring it is accessible from the Launchpad for your convenience. Find The DMG File & Add It to Your Applications FolderAfter transferring the Android Studio application to the Applications folder, proceed to double-click the Android Studio icon. You will then be prompted by Apple to verify trust for the application. Upon confirmation, Android Studio will initiate, first presenting tips for optimal usage, followed by the Welcome screen to begin your development journey. Android Studio Welcome ScreenConfiguring The SDKTo configure the SDK on a Mac, ensure that the Android Studio application is active and in the foreground. Next, navigate to the top left corner of your screen, click on Android Studio, and from the dropdown menu, select Settings… Navigating to the Settings Screen in Android StudioUpon accessing the Settings screen, please proceed to the Languages and Frameworks section. Languages & Frameworks via the SettingsPlease proceed to expand the dropdown menu in order to access the Android SDK Settings. Should you encounter a notification indicating “The Android SDK location cannot be at the file system root” kindly select the Edit option to proceed to SDK Components Setup screen. Android SDK & Add The SDK Path Installing The Android SDK PlatformIn this scenario, the screen indicates the presence of an existing Android SDK, which is beneficial. Please proceed by clicking Next Following this, we will be directed to the Verify Settings screen for further confirmation. Verify Settings ScreenGiven that Android Studio has already identified the SDK’s location, we may proceed by selecting Next to advance further in the process. Click Finish To Complete The SDK SetupSince that the SDK is already up to date, we may proceed by selecting Finish This action will redirect us back to the SDK Tools and Platforms screen. View The Different Android Platform Versions Available to DownloadNext, we will select and download various Android platforms, which will be essential for building an Android emulator later on. Below, you will find a comprehensive list of Android versions, allowing you to precisely choose the version you wish to utilize for your application’s development. A Comprehensive List of Android VersionsI have opted to select Android Studio version 13.0, corresponding to API version 34. Adjacent to this option, a download icon is displayed, signifying that this specific version will be downloaded. Select Android Studio Version 13.0Subsequently, proceed to select the SDK Tools tab, then carefully choose all the components listed in Step 2 below. Once completed, click on Apply to proceed with the installation. Click Apply To Download The VersionA confirmation screen will be displayed, enumerating all selected Android platforms and SDK Tools. Please click OK to initiate the download process. Confirm Changes & Click OkUpon completing all necessary steps, please click on Finish to conclude the process. Android SDK Component Setup Is Complete After completing this step, you will be redirected to the Android SDK screen. Please proceed by simply clicking OK To verify that all processes have executed as expected, it is recommended that you close and then reopen Android Studio. This measure ensures the smooth integration of any changes.ConclusionAndroid Studio is a powerful tool that lays the foundation for Android development. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through setting up your first Android emulator, a crucial step for testing your applications. Continue to Setting Up Your First Android Emulator to learn more. Setting Up Your First Android Emulator In the previous guide, we introduced you to Android Studio. Now, let’s move forward by setting up your first Android emulator. Emulators are essential for testing your applications without needing a physical device.What is an Android Emulator?An Android emulator is a virtual device that mimics the hardware and software of a real Android device. It allows you to test your applications on various configurations and Android versions. Open Android StudioFirst things first, let’s make sure Android Studio is up and running on your Mac. Android Studio Hedgehog LaunchedLaunch the Virtual Device ManagerNow that Android Studio is up and running, there are a couple ways you can create or launch a virtual device. Pick a method that best fits your current setup.Welcome ScreenOn the welcome screen click More Actions Virtual Device Manager Android Studio Welcome Screen > Create Virtual DeviceProject ViewIn project view, navigate to the menu bar and click on Tools Device Manager . Android Studio - Device ManagerCreating a New Virtual DeviceNow that the AVD Manager is launched, you may see a list of existing virtual devices, if others were previously created. To create a new one, click on the + button to create a virtual device. Android Studio - Creating A New Virtual DeviceChoose a Device DefinitionNext on the Select Hardware screen, you can choose the type device you want to emulate. If you’re not sure about which one to build, you can’t go wrong with a Pixel. In this example I’m going to choose the Pixel 7 and then click Next . Creating A New Virtual DeviceSelect a System ImageNext, you’ll need to choose a system image. This is essentially the version of Android you want to run on your virtual device. Pick the latest version available, or select an older version if your app requires it. If the version you want to use is grayed out, click the download icon to download that version. Choosing A Device TypeConfigure Your Virtual DeviceNow it’s time to configure your virtual device. For your AVD Name, you can choose to keep the default name but better command line readability, use this style pixel-7-api-34. Ensure the startup orientation is in Portrait and check the box to Enable device frame. Selecting A System ImageFinish and LaunchOnce you’ve configured your virtual device to your liking, click on the Finish button. Android Studio will then create your virtual device. Once it’s done, click on the play button to launch your emulator. New Virtual Device CreatedEmulator RunningDepending on your Mac’s performance, it might take a little while for the emulator to start up. Pixel 7 Emulator LaunchedConclusionWith your emulator set up, you can now test your applications in a virtual environment. The next step involves installing APK apps on your emulator for testing purposes. Proceed to Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator to continue your journey. Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator After setting up your Android emulator, the next step is to install and test APK applications on it. This guide will walk you through the process of installing an APK on your emulator.Installing App via Project ViewWith your emulator up and running, it’s time to fire up your app! Go back to Android Studio and click on the green play button in the toolbar or from the menu bar, select Run . Android Studio will build your app and install it on the emulator. Installing App On EmulatorOnce the installation process is complete, your app will automatically launch on the emulator. App Installed SuccessfullyInstalling Your App via APKAnother method to installing an app on your emulator would be through an apk file. To add an apk to your device simply navigate to location of your apk or download an apk file from a trusted source online. For this example I will be using the same apk generated after building the app from the project. Since I’m using Flutter project to build this app, the location of the apk is here App Project build app outputsflutter-apkapp-debug.apk Build Location of the APK FileOnce you locate your apk, simply drag and drop the apk onto the emulator for it to install. Installing APK By Dragging & Dropping On EmulatorConclusionVoila! Your app is now running on the emulator. Take some time to explore its features and functionalities. Click around, interact with different elements, and get a feel for how it behaves. Next, we’ll explore how to use ADB with Android emulators to perform various debugging tasks. Head over to Using ADB with Android Emulators for more insights. Using ADB with Android Emulators Previously, we covered installing APK apps on your emulator. Now, let’s delve into using ADB (Android Debug Bridge) with Android emulators. ADB is a powerful command-line tool that enables communication with your emulator or device. Get Access to the Test App & FrameworkPro Members unlock hands-on access to our expertly crafted frameworks. PRO MEMBER Device Info: Pixel 8 | API 33 Tip: Please ensure you have an emulator created and running before hand.Connecting ADB to an EmulatorOnce your emulator is running, you need to connect ADB to it.Open Terminal: Launch the Terminal App on your on your Mac. Launch TerminalNavigate to ADB Directory: Navigate to the directory where ADB is installed. This is typically in the platform-tools directory of your Android SDK.bashcd /Users/{UserName}/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools Changing Directory To Platform ToolsCheck Connected Devices: Run the following command to list connected devices and emulators.bashadb devices List of Running Devices Displayed You should see your emulator listed. If not, restart the ADB server. In Terminal paste the command below:bashadb kill-server adb start-serverCommon ADB CommandsHere are some essential ADB commands for quality testing:Installing an APK: To Install an application on the emulator. Use this command.bashadb install /Users/{UserName}/Desktop/test-apps/app-debug.apk Installing An APK Using ADB CommandGet Android Package Name: Get the name of the Android app’s package name in order to use the uninstall command later. With the test app lauched on the emulator, open a new terminal and enter this command below:bashadb shell dumpsys window | grep 'mCurrentFocus' Name of App Package & Main ActivityUninstall an APK: Remove an application from the emulator.bashadb uninstall com.example.yourapp Uninstalling APK Using ADB CommandConclusionThe ADB is an essential tool for Android development and debugging. Mastering its commands will enhance your ability to manage and debug your applications effectively. Up next, we’ll cover automating UI tests on Android emulators, a crucial step for ensuring your app’s usability. Continue to Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators for detailed instructions. Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators Building on our knowledge of ADB, this guide focuses on automating UI tests on Android emulators. Automated UI tests ensure that your application’s user interface behaves as expected across different scenarios and devices.Why Automate UI Tests?Automated UI tests save time and resources by running tests that simulate user interactions. They help identify bugs and inconsistencies in the UI, providing a reliable way to maintain high-quality applications.Setting Up Espresso for UI TestingAdd DependenciesYou need to add Espresso and other related dependencies in your build.gradle file of your Android app module (app/build.gradle).android/app/build.gradle defaultConfig { testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" }Create a Test Class In src/androidTest/java and call it MainActivityTest.This test will ensure that the app is launched and ready for interaction. The test method will simulate a user clicking the plus button and verifies the resulting UI state.MainActivityTest.class@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) @LargeTest public class MainActivityTest {@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class): This annotation tells JUnit to run the test class using the AndroidJUnit4 test runner. This runner provides compatibility with Android components and manages the test lifecycle.@LargeTest: This annotation classifies the test as a “large” test. Large tests typically involve integration testing, where multiple components of the application are tested together.MainActivity.class@Rule public ActivityScenarioRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityScenarioRule<>(MainActivity.class); @Rule public DisableAnimationsRule disableAnimationsRule = new DisableAnimationsRule();@Rule: Rules in JUnit are used to add or extend the behavior of each test method in a test class. They provide additional functionality before and after each test is run.ActivityScenarioRule<MainActivity> activityRule: This rule launches the specified activity (MainActivity in this case) before each test and closes it after each test. It provides a simplified way to test activities. The ActivityScenarioRule starts and stops the activity and also ensures that the activity is running before the test begins.DisableAnimationsRule disableAnimationsRule: This custom rule is used to disable system animations during the test run. Animations can interfere with Espresso tests by causing unexpected delays or timing issues, so disabling them ensures more consistent test results.MainActivity.class@Test public void testClickPlusButton() throws InterruptedException { // Click the plus button to open the AddEditTaskActivity onView(withId(R.id.fab)).perform(click()); // Verify that the AddEditTaskActivity is displayed by checking for the presence of the title EditText onView(withId(R.id.titleEditText)).check(matches(withText(""))); }@Test: This annotation indicates that the following method is a test method. JUnit will execute this method as a test case.public void testClickPlusButton(): This is the test method. The method name typically describes what is being tested. In this case, it tests the behavior of clicking the plus button.onView(withId(R.id.fab)).perform(click());: This line uses Espresso to interact with the UI. It finds a view with the ID fab which is the floating action button in this app and performs a click action on it. Espresso’s onView method is used to find views in the current activity’s layout, and perform is used to execute actions on those views.onView(withId(R.id.titleEditText)).check(matches(withText("")));: This line verifies that a view with the ID titleEditText is displayed and that its text is empty. This check is used to confirm that the AddEditTaskActivity is displayed by looking for the presence of an empty title EditText. The check method is used to perform assertions on views, and matches verifies that the view’s state matches the specified condition. Since this is a ToDo app, let’s enhance the test suite by adding two more critical scenarios: one for adding a task and another for deleting a task. These scenarios will ensure that the core functionalities of creating and removing tasks are working as expected.MainActivity.class@Test public void testAddTask() throws InterruptedException { // Click the plus button to open the AddEditTaskActivity onView(withId(R.id.fab)).perform(click()); // Enter text into the title and description fields and close the keyboard onView(withId(R.id.titleEditText)) .perform(typeText("New Task Title"), closeSoftKeyboard()); onView(withId(R.id.descriptionEditText)) .perform(typeText("New Task Description"), closeSoftKeyboard()); // Click the save button onView(withId(R.id.saveButton)).perform(click()); // Verify that the new task is displayed onView(withText(endsWith("New Task Title"))) .check(matches(isDisplayed())); } @Test public void testDeleteTask() throws InterruptedException { // Delete the task onView(withId(R.id.doneButton)).perform(click()); Thread.sleep(2000); // Verify that the task is deleted by checking that the item is not in the list onView(withText(endsWith("Task to Delete"))).check(doesNotExist()); Thread.sleep(2000); }Running UI TestsClick on the green play icon next to the class definition to run all tests in the class. Alternatively, click on the green play icon next to individual test methods to run specific tests. Running Android UI TestViewing Test Results Once the tests start running, the Run window will display the progress and results. The Run window shows which tests passed or failed, along with detailed logs and stack traces for any failures.Analyze Test Results Green checkmarks indicate passed tests. Red X marks indicate failed tests, with details about the failure. Yellow warning signs indicate ignored or skipped tests. Reviewing Expresso Test ResultsConclusionAutomating UI tests with Espresso provides a robust way to ensure your app’s user interface functions correctly. Next, we’ll explore performance testing on Android emulators, which is vital for optimizing your app’s performance. Proceed to Performance Testing on Android Emulators for more information. Performance Testing on Android Emulators Having covered UI testing, we now turn to performance testing on Android emulators. Performance testing helps identify bottlenecks and ensures your application runs smoothly under various conditions.Performance TestingPerformance testing is crucial for delivering a responsive and efficient app. It helps detect issues related to memory usage, CPU load, and network performance, ensuring a seamless user experience.Using Android Profiler Open Android Profiler - In Android Studio, navigate to: View > Tool Windows > Profiler or you can click the Profiler icon in the bottom toolbar. Android Studio Profiler Select an Emulator: Choose the emulator or device to profile. If your device is already running, it will automatically use that device. Android Studio Profiler > Select Active Emulator CPU Profiler: Monitor your app's CPU usage, threads, and methods. Android Studio Profiler > CPU Profiler Memory Profiler: Track memory allocation and garbage collection. Android Studio Profiler > Memory ProfilerRunning Performance Tests Profile Your App: Use the profiler tools to identify performance issues during test execution.Memory Profiler Record Android Studio > Memory Profiler Record Android Studio > Memory Profiler ResultsCPU Profiler Record Android Studio > CPU Profiler Record Android Studio > CPU Profiler ResultsConclusionPerformance testing on Android emulators is essential for optimizing your app and ensuring it performs well under various conditions. This completes our series of guides on mastering Android Studio and emulators. Keep exploring and honing your skills to become a proficient Android developer and QA tester.
Java Articles Installing Java Development Kit (JDK) Installing Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Java How to Set JAVA HOME Environment Variable on Mac and Windows Setting Up a Project Structure for Java QA Testing Integrating Testing Frameworks with Java Configuring Build Tools for Java QA Testing Installing Java Development Kit (JDK) Installing Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Java How to Set JAVA HOME Environment Variable on Mac and WindowsSetting the JAVA_HOME and updating the PATH environment variable are crucial steps to ensure Java is configured correctly on your system. This guide will walk you through the process for both Windows and macOS.WindowsStep 1: Determine the Java Installation PathOpen the Command Prompt.Run the following command to determine the Java installation path:cmdCopy codewhere java The command will return the path where Java is installed, usually something like C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-xx.x.x.Step 2: Set JAVA_HOMEOpen the Start Menu and search for “Environment Variables.”Select “Edit the system environment variables.”In the System Properties window, click on the “Environment Variables” button.Under “System variables,” click “New” to create a new environment variable.Set the “Variable name” to JAVA_HOME.Set the “Variable value” to the path of your Java installation (e.g., C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-xx.x.x).Click “OK” to save.Step 3: Update the PATH Environment VariableIn the same Environment Variables window, find the “Path” variable under “System variables” and select it.Click “Edit.”In the Edit Environment Variable window, click “New” and add the following:textCopy code%JAVA_HOME%\bin Click “OK” to save.Step 4: Verify the ConfigurationOpen a new Command Prompt window.Run the following commands to verify that the JAVA_HOME and PATH variables are set correctly:cmdCopy codeecho %JAVA_HOME% java -version You should see the path to your Java installation and the version of Java installed. Setting Up a Project Structure for Java QA Testing Integrating Testing Frameworks with Java Configuring Build Tools for Java QA Testing
Setting Up Your First Android Emulator In the previous guide, we introduced you to Android Studio. Now, let’s move forward by setting up your first Android emulator. Emulators are essential for testing your applications without needing a physical device.What is an Android Emulator?An Android emulator is a virtual device that mimics the hardware and software of a real Android device. It allows you to test your applications on various configurations and Android versions. Open Android StudioFirst things first, let’s make sure Android Studio is up and running on your Mac. Android Studio Hedgehog LaunchedLaunch the Virtual Device ManagerNow that Android Studio is up and running, there are a couple ways you can create or launch a virtual device. Pick a method that best fits your current setup.Welcome ScreenOn the welcome screen click More Actions Virtual Device Manager Android Studio Welcome Screen > Create Virtual DeviceProject ViewIn project view, navigate to the menu bar and click on Tools Device Manager . Android Studio - Device ManagerCreating a New Virtual DeviceNow that the AVD Manager is launched, you may see a list of existing virtual devices, if others were previously created. To create a new one, click on the + button to create a virtual device. Android Studio - Creating A New Virtual DeviceChoose a Device DefinitionNext on the Select Hardware screen, you can choose the type device you want to emulate. If you’re not sure about which one to build, you can’t go wrong with a Pixel. In this example I’m going to choose the Pixel 7 and then click Next . Creating A New Virtual DeviceSelect a System ImageNext, you’ll need to choose a system image. This is essentially the version of Android you want to run on your virtual device. Pick the latest version available, or select an older version if your app requires it. If the version you want to use is grayed out, click the download icon to download that version. Choosing A Device TypeConfigure Your Virtual DeviceNow it’s time to configure your virtual device. For your AVD Name, you can choose to keep the default name but better command line readability, use this style pixel-7-api-34. Ensure the startup orientation is in Portrait and check the box to Enable device frame. Selecting A System ImageFinish and LaunchOnce you’ve configured your virtual device to your liking, click on the Finish button. Android Studio will then create your virtual device. Once it’s done, click on the play button to launch your emulator. New Virtual Device CreatedEmulator RunningDepending on your Mac’s performance, it might take a little while for the emulator to start up. Pixel 7 Emulator LaunchedConclusionWith your emulator set up, you can now test your applications in a virtual environment. The next step involves installing APK apps on your emulator for testing purposes. Proceed to Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator to continue your journey.
Gradle Articles Getting Started with Gradle Setting Up and Managing Dependencies in Gradle Creating and Running Test Tasks in Gradle Optimizing Test Builds and Performance with Gradle Advanced Gradle Techniques for CI/CD Integrating Axe with Selenium and Cypress for Accessibility Checks Getting Started with Gradle Setting Up and Managing Dependencies in Gradle Creating and Running Test Tasks in Gradle Optimizing Test Builds and Performance with Gradle Advanced Gradle Techniques for CI/CD Integrating Axe with Selenium and Cypress for Accessibility Checks
How To Create A New Maven Project in EclipseWhen working with automation testing frameworks like Selenium, TestNG, or JUnit, Maven can greatly simplify the management of test dependencies, execution of test cases, and integration with CI tools like Jenkins. By automating these processes, Maven allows teams to maintain consistent testing environments, reduce human error, and speed up the development lifecycle.This guide will walk you through the process of installing Maven on your Mac, enabling you to streamline your automation testing setup and enhance your development workflow.Creating A New Maven Project Open Eclipse IDE: Launch Eclipse IDE on your computer. Click on File in the top menu. Select New from the dropdown menu. Click on Other... to open the wizard window.Select Maven Project In the wizard window, scroll down to find the Maven folder. Expand the Maven folder. Select Maven Project. Click Next.Configure Project Location In the New Maven Project window, you can choose to create a simple project (skip archetype selection) or leave it unchecked to select an archetype. You can also check the option Use default Workspace location or specify a custom location. Click Next.Select An ArchetypeIf you didn’t select to create a simple project, you will be prompted to select an archetype. An archetype is a template for generating a project.By default, maven-archetype-quickstart is a good choice for a simple Java project.Select the archetype maven-archetype-quickstart.Click Next.Define Project PropertiesFill in the Group Id. This is the unique identifier for your project’s group, usually in the form of a domain name (e.g., com.example).Fill in the Artifact Id. This is the name of the jar without version, usually the project’s name.Fill in the Version. The version of the project (e.g., 1.0-SNAPSHOT).Optionally, fill in the Package (e.g., com.example.app). By default, it uses the group ID.Click Finish.Project StructureEclipse will create the Maven project structure in your workspace. The typical structure includes:src/main/java for your Java source files.src/test/java for your test Java files.pom.xml for your Maven Project Object Model configuration file.Add Dependencies to pom.xml fileOpen the pom.xml file to add dependencies, plugins, and other configurations as needed for your project.ConclusionInstalling Maven on your Mac is a straightforward process that brings powerful automation capabilities to your development environment. Whether you’re managing complex automation testing projects or integrating with CI/CD pipelines, Maven is an invaluable tool that enhances efficiency and consistency across your projects.
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Automation & Testing Frameworks Articles Appium Cucumber (Gherkin) Cypress JUnit Patrol Playwright Selenium TestNG WebDriverIO Appium Official DocsDiscover more about Appium, the powerful tool for automating mobile app testing, by visiting the Official Appium Website. Explore its full range of features, documentation, and community resources to enhance your testing efficiency. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Intro to Appium Welcome to the first part of our Mastering QA series, where we delve into the world of Appium, a powerful open-source tool for mobile app automation. Appium allows you to write tests for iOS and Android applications using the same API, which makes it a versatile and indispensable tool for QA engineers. Appium Desktop AppWhat is Appium?Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications. It allows you to write tests for mobile apps on Android and iOS platforms using a variety of programming languages, such as Java, Python, Ruby, and more. Appium is built on the philosophy that testing native or hybrid apps shouldn’t require including an SDK or recompiling your app. Appium Server RunningKey Features of Appium Cross-Platform: Supports testing on both Android and iOS. Multiple Languages: Write tests in any language that has a Selenium client library. Open Source: Free to use and has a large, active community. No App Modification: No need to modify or recompile your app for testing. Understanding Android Desired Capabilities When setting up your testing environment for Android applications, it's crucial to configure the desired capabilities properly. For our setup, we define the following properties:PLATFORM_NAME: AndroidPLATFORM_VERSION: 13.0DEVICE_NAME: emulator-5554APP: [Your app path here]AUTOMATION_NAME: Flutter (for Flutter applications), for typical Android frameworks use UIAutomator2 Android Desired Capabilities Setup Understanding IOS Desired Capabilities To set up your iOS testing environment, configure the following Desired Capabilities:PLATFORM_NAME: iOSPLATFORM_VERSION: 17.0.1DEVICE_NAME: iPhone 15 ProUDID: [Add your device ID here]APP: [Your app path here]AUTOMATION_NAME: Use Flutter for Flutter applications, or opt for XCUITest for native iOS testing.Additionally, ensure to include:xcodeOrgID: [Your Xcode organization ID]xcodeSigningID: [Your Xcode signing ID]This configuration ensures a seamless testing experience across iOS platforms, leveraging the latest capabilities and features. IOS Desired Capabilities SetupWhy Use AppiumAppium stands out for several reasons, here are a few to consider. Versatility: It supports a wide range of mobile applications, including native, hybrid, and mobile web applications. Flexibility: You can use your preferred development tools, practices, and frameworks. Integration: Easily integrates with popular CI/CD tools, enhancing your development workflow. Community: Strong community support ensures continuous improvement and a wealth of shared knowledge and resources.ConclusionNow that you have a basic understanding of what Appium is and why it’s beneficial, it’s time to get hands-on. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through Setting up Appium on Your Local Machine. Setting Up Appium on Local Machine In the previous guide, we introduced you to Appium and its benefits. Now, let’s get started with setting up Appium on your local machine so you can begin writing and executing your tests.PrerequisitesBefore you start, ensure you have the following installed. Java Development Kit (JDK): Appium requires Java, so download and install the JDK. Node.js: Appium is built on Node.js, so you'll need to install it. Android SDK: Necessary for Android app testing. [conditional_data dependency="Windows"]Xcode: N/A[/conditional_data][conditional_data dependency="Mac"]Xcode: Required for iOS app testing.[/conditional_data]Getting StartedInstall Java and Configure the Environment Variables. Download and install the JDK from the Oracle website. Next we are going to setup the JAVA_HOME and update the PATH environment variable to ensure Java is configured correctly on your system. How to Set JAVA HOME Environment Variable on Mac and Windows Install Node.js Installing Node.js is essential for setting up Appium, as Appium relies on Node.js. With Node.js, you can run the Appium server and use npm to install Appium and its dependencies efficiently. This setup is crucial for automating mobile application tests on both Android and iOS platforms. Download and install Node.js from the official website. How To Install Node.js On Mac & Windows Guide Install Appium CLI & Appium Doctor CommandsInstall Appium: Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications on Android and iOS. To get started, you need to install Appium and its dependencies: Open your [conditional_data dependency="windows"]Command Prompt[/conditional_data][conditional_data dependency="mac"]Terminal[/conditional_data] and run the following command.bashnpm install -g appiumInstall Appium Doctor: Appium Doctor is a tool that helps you verify that all the dependencies required for running Appium are properly installed on your system. It checks for Node.js, Java, Android SDK, Xcode and more.Install Appium Desktop GUI Appium Desktop is a graphical user interface (GUI) for Appium, providing an easy way to interact with the Appium server and inspect mobile application elements. It simplifies the process of setting up and managing Appium sessions, making it an essential tool for mobile test automation. Appium Desktop App Download and install Appium Desktop from the Appium website.Install Android SDK To use Appium for automating tests on Android devices, you need to install the Android Software Development Kit (SDK). The Android SDK provides the necessary tools and libraries for developing and testing Android applications. It includes the Android platform tools, such as adb, which Appium uses to interact with Android devices and emulators. Download and install the Android SDK from the Android Developer website or you can follow our guide below. Introduction to Android Studio Configure Android Environment VariablesSet ANDROID_HOME and update the PATH environment variable..bash_profile/.zshrcexport ANDROID_HOME=/path/to/android/sdk export PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/tools:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools:$PATH Install XcodeTo use Appium for testing iOS applications, you’ll need to install Xcode on your Mac. Xcode is Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS, used for developing software for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It includes a suite of software development tools, including the iOS Simulator, which is essential for testing iOS apps with Appium.Searching For XCode In Mac App StoreFollow this guide below to Setuo Xcode on your machine. Protected: Getting Started with Xcode ConclusionCongratulations! You have successfully set up Appium on your local machine. Now you’re ready to write your first test case with Appium. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through Writing Your First Appium Test Case with Appium. Writing Your First Test Case with Appium Now that you have Appium set up on your local machine, it’s time to dive into writing your first test case. This guide will walk you through the process of creating a simple test case in Java.Create a New Maven ProjectUse your favorite IDE to create a new Maven project. We’re going to be using Eclipse in this setup. Eclipse IDE LaunchingCreating A New ProjectStart a new project by navigating to the top menu and selecting File then New and finally Other... File > New > OtherIn the wizard window that appears, scroll down to find the Maven folder. Expand the Maven folder by clicking on the small triangle next to it, and then select Maven Project. Click Next to proceed with the project setup. Choosing Maven ProjectIn the next step of the wizard, you will see an option to create a simple project. To proceed, click the checkbox labeled Create a simple project (skip archetype selection). Once you have checked this option, click the Next > button to move forward with the project setup. Check The Create A Simple Project BoxOn the next step of the wizard, you will need to create a group ID and an artifact ID for your project. For this guide, use com.test.app.todo as both the group ID and artifact ID. Enter these values in the respective fields provided. After filling in the details, click the Finish button to continue. Create a Group Id & Artifact Id nameCreate a New Test ClassWith our Maven project created, the next step is to create a new test class. Navigate to the directory src/test/java/. Inside this directory, create a new package by following this path: com.test. Create A New Package To Store Your Test Files Setting 'com.test' As A Package NameOnce the package is created, add a new class within it and name the class FirstAppiumTest. Creating A New Class Set The Class Name As FirstAppiumTest The FirstAppiumTest Class Is CreatedAdd Dependencies to pom.xmlNow, navigate to the pom.xml file in your project. This file is essential for managing your project’s dependencies and configurations. Open the pom.xml file, as we will be adding the necessary dependencies to run an Appium test script. Once the file is open, so we can add the xml dependencies below.pom.xml<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>test-todo-app</groupId> <artifactId>test-todo-app</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.appium</groupId> <artifactId>java-client</artifactId> <version>8.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-remote-driver</artifactId> <version>4.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId> <artifactId>hamcrest</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.11.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M5</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>Add Your APK To The ProjectTo add your test APK to your project, begin by creating a new directory within your project’s structure. Navigate to the src/test/resources/ directory. Within this directory, create a new folder named app. This is where you will store your APK file for testing purposes. Create A New Folder To Store The Test App Setting The Directory As 'App' Added The Test App In The 'App' FolderWrite Your First Test ScriptLet’s take a look at our test application and discuss the test scenario that we’ll be automating. The test application we’ll be using is a TODO app. If you need access to the APK file, please join our Patreon. Members get access to all the existing frameworks we’ve created and more. You can follow along with this guide or use your own test application and tweak the elements as needed. In this test, our goal is to simply click on the Add Task button to display the Add Task screen. Add A Task Button Viewing Add Task ScreenFirstAppiumTest.javapackage com.test; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class FirstAppiumTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException { File app = new File("src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk"); // Set the desired capabilities for your test DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554"); caps.setCapability("platformName", "android"); caps.setCapability("app",app.getAbsolutePath()); // Initialize the Appium driver AndroidDriver driver = new AndroidDriver (new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4273/wd/hub"), caps); // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("ADD_YOUR_ID_HERE")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 1 seconds Thread.sleep(1000); // Close the driver session driver.quit(); } }Launch Appium Desktop & Appium InspectorNow, we need to find the id associated with the element that we want to click. To locate the id element or other useful selectors, ensure that the emulator or device is booted up. First, launch the Appium Server and Inspector. Open the Appium Desktop Server and click the startServer button. Next, launch the Appium Inspector, making sure that the server port matches the Appium server’s port. Appium Desktop with Emulator Appium Server Is Running Appium Inspector + Setting Up Desired Capabilities Ensure the Remote Port is set to 4273 Set the Remote Path to /wd/hub Click the pencil & Copy the Desired Capabilities from below and paste in the JSON Representation box Click the Save button Click the Start Session button Desired Capabilities JSON DesiredCapabilities.json{ "appium:platformName": "Android", "appium:platformVersion": "13.0", "appium:deviceName": "emulator-5554", "appium:automationName": "UiAutomator2", "appium:app": "/Users/{userName}/eclipse-workspace/test-todo-app/src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk", "appium:appWaitForLaunch": true }Inspecting The App ElementsWith the Appium Inspector now launched, you should see a preview of your application. In the preview window, locate and click on the element for which you want to retrieve attributes. For the purposes of this guide, we will click on the Add Task button. By doing so, the attributes related to this specific element will be displayed, allowing you to inspect and utilize them as needed. Appium Inspector Viewing The Element's Properties The accessibility id: value is to Add Task The id: value is to com.example.todoapp:id/fab The xpath: value is to //android.widget.ImageButton[@content-desc="Add Task"]You have the flexibility to use any available selector, but for this guide, we will select the second option, which represents the id attribute with the value com.example.todapp:id/fab. This value will be used in our code. Close the Appium Inspector Session to free up the Appium Server 4273 port.Copy this id value and navigate to the FirstAppiumTest class in your project. Find the element designated for adding a task and paste the copied id value into the addTaskButton element. This ensures that our test script can correctly interact with the element. Finding Add Task Button Element By IDJavaWebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 1 seconds Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("TEST PASSED!"); // Close the driver session driver.quit();Run Your TestFinally, it’s time to run the script. Yay! In the FirstAppiumTest class, right-click to open the context menu. Navigate to Run As and select Java Application. Now, sit back and watch as your script takes off for the first time! If everything goes well, you will see TEST PASSED in the console. Appium Run As Java ApplicationAnalyze the Test ResultsAfter the test execution is complete, review the results to ensure your test case ran successfully. Later in this series, we will learn how to implement TestNG to organize tests based on industry standards. Test Results - Passed Running Appium Test ScriptConclusionYou have now learned how to perform basic UI testing with Appium. This includes finding elements and performing actions. In the next guide, we’ll take a closer look at Organizing Multiple Test Scenarios In Appium with TestNG. Organizing Multiple Test Scenarios in Appium Using TestNG In the dynamic world of mobile application testing, managing and organizing multiple test scenarios efficiently is crucial for ensuring robust and reliable testing. Appium, combined with TestNG, provides a powerful framework to achieve this. This guide will walk you through the process of organizing multiple test scenarios in Appium using TestNG, leveraging the power of Java. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced user, this comprehensive guide will help you streamline your test automation process and enhance your testing capabilities. We will be using the project we setup previously. Setting Up Maven ProjectLet’s navigate to the pom.xml file so we can add the TestNG dependency. We’ll be using TestNG version 7.1.0 for our project. Adding TestNG Dependency To pom.xmlTestNG Dependency (pom.xml)<dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>7.1.0</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>By adding the TestNG dependency to your Maven project, you now have the necessary annotations to write and execute TestNG tests within the Appium project.Creating TestNG Class Let’s head back to our directory /src/test/java/com/test/ where we’ll create a copy of the existing FirstAppiumTest class. We’ll then rename this copy to FirstAppiumTestNG to begin restructuring the test to support TestNG. This new class will serve as our foundation for integrating TestNG functionalities. Copying FirstAppiumTest Class Pasting FirstAppiumTest Class Rename Copied File to FirstAppiumTestNGImporting TestNG AnnotationsIn the newly created FirstAppiumTestNG class, begin by importing the necessary TestNG annotations. These will include @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, and @Test.FirstAppiumTestNG.classimport org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; The @BeforeClass annotation will be used to set up the Appium driver before any tests are run, ensuring that the environment is correctly initialized. Similarly, the @AfterClass annotation will handle the teardown process, cleaning up resources once all tests have been executed. The @Test annotation will be applied to individual test methods, marking them as TestNG test cases.Modifying Class To Support TestNGSo what we’re going to do is remove the main() function call and close the curly bracket from our initial setup. Next, we will create a new public static AndroidDriver variable called driver. BeforeClassIn the @BeforeClass method, we will move the Desired Capabilities setup into the setup() function. This approach ensures that our Appium driver is properly configured before any tests are execute. Moving Desired Capabilities To BeforeClass MethodTest MethodIn the @Test method, we will add our simple test case from the previous guide, which is to click the Add Task button. This test will validate that our application responds correctly when adding a new task. By organizing our tests this way, we maintain a clear separation of concerns, making our test cases easier to manage and understand. Moving Scenario To Test MethodAfterClass MethodFinally, we’ll move the driver.quit() function into the @AfterClass teardown method. This adjustment ensures that the Appium driver is properly closed after all tests have been executed, cleaning up any resources used during the test run. Moving The Closing of the Driver in AfterClass MethodFirstAppiumTestNG.class (w/ Before & After Methods)package com.test; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class FirstAppiumTestNG { public static AndroidDriver driver; @BeforeClass public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException { File app = new File("src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk"); // Set the desired capabilities for your test DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554"); caps.setCapability("platformName", "android"); caps.setCapability("app",app.getAbsolutePath()); // Initialize the Appium driver driver = new AndroidDriver (new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4273/wd/hub"), caps); } @Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 1 seconds Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("TEST PASSED!"); } @AfterClass public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { // Close the driver session driver.quit(); } } }Adding More Test & AssertionsWhy stop here? Next, we’ll add some assertions and create two more test scenarios to highlight the beauty of TestNG running multiple scenarios and validating our expectations. We will create new tests called addingTaskToDoTheList() and deletingTaskFromTheList(), similar to the test we created using Espresso in our Android guides. We will add these methods to our file, and then we should be ready to run our tests.In our first new test scenario, we focus on adding a task to our to-do list. This test begins by clicking the “Add Task” button to navigate to the task addition screen. We verify that the user is on the correct screen by checking the presence of the title input field. Here’s how the implementation looks:Test: clickingAddTaskButton()@Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement addTaskTitle = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); Assert.assertTrue(addTaskTitle.isDisplayed(), "User is on the Add Task Details Screen"); driver.navigate().back(); Thread.sleep(1000); }addingTaskToDoTheList() TestNext, we have the addingTaskToDoTheList() method, which adds a task to the to-do list. This method clicks the “Add Task” button, enters a title and description for the new task, and then saves it. After saving, it verifies that the new task appears in the task list.Test: addingTaskToDoTheList()@Test public void addingTaskToDoTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement addTaskButton, saveButton; WebElement addTaskTitleField, addTaskDescField; // click the Add Task button addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); // add title to the task addTaskTitleField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); addTaskTitleField.click(); addTaskTitleField.sendKeys("Buy Milk"); // add description to the task addTaskDescField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/descriptionEditText")); addTaskDescField.click(); addTaskDescField.sendKeys("Grab 2 Gallons of Milk"); // click the Save button saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/saveButton")); saveButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement newTaskAdded = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/textView")); Assert.assertEquals(newTaskAdded.getText().toString(), "Buy Milk", "New Task Found"); }deletingTaskFromTheList() TestFinally, we have the deletingTaskFromTheList() method, which tests the deletion of a task from the list. This method locates the delete button and clicks it, then verifies that the task is removed from the task list.Test: deletingTaskFromTheList()@Test public void deletingTaskFromTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement deleteButton; // click the Delete button deleteButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/doneButton")); deleteButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); Assert.assertTrue(true, "Task is deleted & is removed from the Task List Screen"); }Full ImplementationHere’s the full implementation of the FirstAppiumTestNG file. FirstAppiumTestNG - Full ImplementationFirstAppiumTestNG.classpackage com.test; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.testng.Assert; import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class FirstAppiumTestNG { public static AndroidDriver driver; @BeforeClass public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException { File app = new File("src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk"); // Set the desired capabilities for your test DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554"); caps.setCapability("platformName", "android"); caps.setCapability("app",app.getAbsolutePath()); // Initialize the Appium driver driver = new AndroidDriver (new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4273/wd/hub"), caps); } @Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement addTaskTitle = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); Assert.assertTrue(addTaskTitle.isDisplayed(), "User is on the Add Task Details Screen"); driver.navigate().back(); Thread.sleep(1000); } @Test public void addingTaskToDoTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement addTaskButton,saveButton; WebElement addTaskTitleField,addTaskDescField; // click the Add Task button addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); // add title to the task addTaskTitleField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); addTaskTitleField.click(); addTaskTitleField.sendKeys("Buy Milk"); // add description to the task addTaskDescField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/descriptionEditText")); addTaskDescField.click(); addTaskDescField.sendKeys("Grab 2 Gallons of Milk"); // click the Save button saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/saveButton")); saveButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement newTaskAdded = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/textView")); Assert.assertEquals(newTaskAdded.getText().toString(), "Buy Milk", "New Task Found"); } @Test public void deletingTaskFromTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement deleteButton; // click the Delete button deleteButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/doneButton")); deleteButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); Assert.assertTrue(true, "Task is deleted & is removed from the Task List Screen"); } @AfterClass public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { // Close the driver session driver.quit(); } } }Running Test: TestNG XML File SetupNow that we’re ready to run our test, let’s create a new testng.xml file in the root of our project. In this new file, we’ll add the XML code below to enable running our FirstAppiumTestNG class.TestNG Suite Config (testng.xml)<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd"> <suite name="My First Appium TestNG Test"> <test name="TODO App Automation Testing"> <classes> <class name="com.test.FirstAppiumTestNG"/> </classes> </test> <!-- Test --> </suite> <!-- Suite --> Create A New TestNG File Naming The File testng.xml Pasting The XML Script In The New Testng.xml FileTo properly run our TestNG XML file, we need to configure the pom.xml file accordingly. Start by opening your pom.xml file and locating the Maven Surefire Plugin section. Within this section, you’ll need to add the TestNG configuration. Specifically, scroll down to where you see the <version> tag within the Maven Surefire Plugin and insert the following configuration just below it:TestNG Suite Setup (pom.xml)<configuration> <suiteXmlFiles> <suiteXmlFile>testng.xml</suiteXmlFile> </suiteXmlFiles> <testFailureIgnore>false</testFailureIgnore> </configuration> Pasting TestNG XML ConfigurationThis snippet tells Maven to use the testng.xml file to determine which tests to run. The <testFailureIgnore> tag is set to false, ensuring that the build will fail if any test fails, which is often the desired behavior in a continuous integration environment.Once you’ve added this configuration, make sure to save your pom.xml file. With these changes in place, your project is now ready to run with the specified TestNG configuration. Let's open the Terminal in Eclipse so we can execute the Maven command. Type or copy the command mvn test -DsuiteXmlFile=testng.xml into the Terminal. Press Enter to execute. The script should begin running the three scenarios we created earlier. As the tests execute, you should see passing logs appear in the console, indicating successful execution. Pasting Maven Command To Run TestNG Successful Test Results After Running CommandRunning Test: TestNG PluginAlternatively, if you have the TestNG plugin installed on your IDE, you can simply right-click on the test file and choose Run As TestNG. This method provides a quick and easy way to execute your tests without the need to manually configure the XML file. class. Running Test File Using 'Run As TestNG'Running FirstAppiumTestNG ScriptAlright, let’s sit back and enjoy watching the results. In the video below, you’ll see the script in action as it runs via the mvn command. The test executes all three scenarios and they pass successfully! It’s always a great feeling when everything works perfectly, isn’t it? Yay! GIF: Script Is Running TestNG Results Pane TestNG HTML Web ResultsConclusionOrganizing multiple test scenarios in Appium using TestNG is a critical step in building a robust test automation strategy. With TestNG, we can group our test cases logically, execute them in a specific order, and generate detailed reports. This structured approach not only saves time but also minimizes errors, making our testing process more reliable and efficient. Stay tuned for our next topic, where we will delve into Understanding Appium UI Locators. Understanding Appium UI Locator Strategies In this guide, we will delve into Appium UI Locator Strategies. Understanding how to efficiently locate elements is crucial for creating robust and maintainable automated tests. This guide is designed to be comprehensive and accessible for both beginners and advanced users. By the end of this guide, you’ll be proficient in various locator strategies in Appium, using Java as our code language.Introduction to LocatorsLocators are used to find UI elements on the mobile application. Appium supports various locator strategies: ID - is a unique identifier for elements. It is one of the most reliable and fastest ways to locate elements. Name - is another attribute that can be used, although it's less common and sometimes deprecated. Class Name - locates elements by their class attribute. It can return multiple elements, so it's often used with other strategies. XPath - is a powerful and flexible locator strategy but can be slower and more brittle. It's often used when other locators are not available. iOS Predicate String (iOS) - iOS Predicate String is used for complex queries on iOS. iOS Class Chain (iOS) - iOS Class Chain is another iOS-specific strategy that allows chaining class names and attributes.Using ID Using an id is one of the most efficient ways to identify and capture elements in Appium, provided that this option is available in our inspector. The id attribute serves as a unique identifier for elements within the DOM, allowing for precise and reliable element selection. This method is particularly advantageous because IDs are designed to be unique within a given page, thereby reducing the risk of selecting the wrong element.By.idWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("add-task-button"));Using Name By using the name attribute, you ensure your code remains clear and intuitive. This method not only enhances readability but also reduces the risk of errors that can occur with more complex locators. It’s a straightforward way to improve your Appium testing strategy, making it easier to manage and scale your automated tests. Adopting this practice can lead to more robust and reliable test scripts, ultimately contributing to a more efficient development cycle.By.nameWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.name("add-task-button"));Using XPath When using xpath to identify an element in Appium, you can target specific attributes or hierarchical relationships within the UI structure. For example, you might want to locate a button based on its ID, class, or even its position relative to other elements. This flexibility is one of the key advantages of using xpath over other locating strategies.By.xpathWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.Button[@content-desc='SIGN IN']"));Using Class Name You can capture and interact with an element by specifying its className. This method is particularly useful when elements share common characteristics or belong to the same class.By.classNameWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.className("android.widget.Button"));[IOS] iOS Predicate StringThis technique offers a precise way to locate elements based on specific attributes. The iOS Predicate String is a powerful tool that leverages the NSPredicate class from Apple’s iOS development environment, allowing developers to create complex queries for UI elements.[IOS] iOS Class Chain This approach leverages the class chain strategy, providing a powerful alternative to traditional locator strategies. By utilizing iOSClassChain, developers can efficiently target elements based on their hierarchical structure, enhancing the precision of their UI automation tests.By.iOSClassChainWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.iOSClassChain("**/XCUIElementTypeButton[`label == 'Task'`]"));ConclusionIn this guide, we explored various Appium UI locator strategies using Java. By mastering these locators, you can write efficient and reliable automated tests for your mobile applications. Remember to prioritize IDs and Accessibility IDs for their reliability and speed, and use XPath judiciously. Stay tuned for our next topic, where we will dive into Advanced Automating Gestures in Appium. Automating Gesture Actions in Appium In the previous guide, we learned about Appium UI Locator Strategies. Now, let’s take it a step further by automating gesture actions. Gestures such as swipes, scrolls, and taps are essential for comprehensive mobile app testing.Common Gesture ActionsAlright, let’s dive into Gesture Actions in Appium. These actions are essential for simulating complex interactions with your mobile app, mimicking how a real user would engage with it. Whether you need to swipe, pinch, zoom, or perform a drag-and-drop action, Appium’s gesture commands have you covered. These gestures are critical for testing user interfaces that rely heavily on touch interactions, ensuring your app behaves as expected in the hands of actual users.Create Gestures Util ClassLet’s dive right in and enhance our Appium project by adding a new class to handle gesture methods efficiently. To begin, we’ll create a new class called GesturesUtil which will serve as a repository for various gesture methods. This step is essential to keep our code organized and maintainable. First, navigate to your project directory and create a new package namedcom.helpers. This package will be the home for our GesturesUtilclass. Organizing your code into packages not only improves readability but also aligns with best practices in software development, making your project more modular and easier to manage.Import DependenciesIn the com.helpers package, create the GesturesUtil class. This class will encapsulate all the gesture methods you need for your Appium tests, such as swipe, tap, and scroll. To get started, the first step is importing the necessary dependencies. In your project, add the following imports:GesturesUtil.classimport io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.PointerInput; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Sequence; import java.time.Duration; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections;With these imports in place, you can now proceed to define your gesture methods without encountering any compilation issues. This setup ensures that your code is well-structured and ready to handle a variety of automated testing scenarios, making your Appium testing framework robust and efficient.Simulating Tap or Long Press A tap is simply a quick touch on the screen, often used for selecting items, while a long press involves holding down on an element for a longer duration. This is typically used for actions like bringing up a context menu or initiating a special function. Appium’s capabilities allow you to simulate both, ensuring that these interactions are tested thoroughly.Gesture: tapElementpublic void tapElement(WebElement element) { PointerInput finger = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger"); Sequence tap = new Sequence(finger, 1) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), element.getLocation().x + element.getSize().width / 2, element.getLocation().y + element.getSize().height / 2)) .addAction(finger.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Collections.singletonList(tap)); }TapThe tapElement method simulates a tap on a web element by: Creating a touch input named finger. Creating a sequence of actions that: - Moves the touch pointer to the center of the specified element. - Presses down on the element. - Releases the press. Perform the sequence of actions using the driver.Gesture: Long Presspublic void longPressElement(WebElement element, Duration duration) { PointerInput finger = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger"); Sequence longPress = new Sequence(finger, 1) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), element.getLocation().x + element.getSize().width / 2, element.getLocation().y + element.getSize().height / 2)) .addAction(finger.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(duration, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), element.getLocation().x,element.getLocation().y)) .addAction(finger.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Collections.singletonList(longPress)); }Long PressThe longPressElement method simulates a long press on a mobile or web element by: Moving the virtual finger to the center of the element. Pressing down on the element. Holding the press for a specified duration. Releasing the press.Simulating Swipe GesturesIn Appium, swiping is straightforward but powerful, allowing you to simulate the user’s finger moving across the screen.To implement a swipe, you define the start and end coordinates, which tells Appium where the swipe should begin and end. By fine-tuning these coordinates, you can create swipes that mimic natural user behavior, ensuring your test cases are as realistic as possible.Gesture: Swipepublic void swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, Duration duration) { PointerInput finger = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger"); Sequence swipe = new Sequence(finger, 1) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), startX, startY)) .addAction(finger.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(duration, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), endX, endY)) .addAction(finger.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Collections.singletonList(swipe)); }SwipeThe swipe function simulates a swipe gesture on a touch screen. First, it moves the touch pointer from a starting point (startX, startY) Next it moves to the ending point (endX, endY) over a given duration. The process involves moving the pointer to the start position, touching down, moving to the end position, and then lifting up All of these actions are coordinated through a sequence of actions performed by the driver.Simulating a Zoom InNext we have pinch and zoom gestures, which are indispensable for applications that involve maps, images, or any form of visual content that users might need to zoom in and out of.Gesture: Zoom Inpublic void zoomIn(WebElement element) { int centerX = element.getLocation().getX() + element.getSize().getWidth() / 2; int centerY = element.getLocation().getY() + element.getSize().getHeight() / 2; int endX1 = centerX - 100; int endY1 = centerY - 100; int endX2 = centerX + 100; int endY2 = centerY + 100; PointerInput finger1 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger1"); Sequence pinch1 = new Sequence(finger1, 1) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), endX1, endY1)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); PointerInput finger2 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger2"); Sequence pinch2 = new Sequence(finger2, 1) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), endX2, endY2)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Arrays.asList(pinch1, pinch2)); }PinchingPinching involves bringing two fingers together on the screen, while zooming involves spreading them apart. Appium handles these multi-touch gestures by specifying the touch points and their movements, giving you precise control over the interactions. Calculate the center coordinates (centerX, centerY)of the element. Define end coordinates for the pinch gesture (endX1, endY1, endX2, endY2). Create the first finger input sequence pinch1to: - Move to the center of the element. - Press down. - Move to the end coordinates over 600 ms. - Lift up the finger. Create the seond finger input sequence pinch2 to: - Move to the center of the element. - Press down. - Move to the end coordinates over 600 ms. - Lift up the finger. Execute both sequences simultaneously to perform the pinch gesture.Simulating a Zoom OutPerform a zoom out gesture by reversing the pinch gesture:Gesture: Zoom Outpublic void zoomOut(WebElement element) { int centerX = element.getLocation().getX() + element.getSize().getWidth() / 2; int centerY = element.getLocation().getY() + element.getSize().getHeight() / 2; int startX1 = centerX - 100; int startY1 = centerY - 100; int startX2 = centerX + 100; int startY2 = centerY + 100; PointerInput finger1 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger1"); Sequence pinchIn1 = new Sequence(finger1, 1) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), startX1, startY1)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); PointerInput finger2 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger2"); Sequence pinchIn2 = new Sequence(finger2, 1) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), startX2, startY2)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Arrays.asList(pinchIn1, pinchIn2)); }ZoomingPinching involves bringing two fingers together on the screen, while zooming involves spreading them apart. Appium handles these multi-touch gestures by specifying the touch points and their movements, giving you precise control over the interactions. Calculate the center coordinates of the element. Define starting points for two touch actions, positioned diagonally around the center. Create a touch action sequence for the first finger, moving from the starting point to the center. Create a touch action sequence for the second finger, moving from the starting point to the center. Execute both sequences simultaneously to perform the pinch-in gesture.ConclusionIncorporating gesture actions into your Appium tests enhances functionality and verifies a seamless user experience. By simulating real user gestures, you can uncover issues that traditional testing may miss, leading to a more robust and user-friendly app.Whether you’re testing a simple or complex app, mastering these gestures will improve your testing outcomes. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Capturing Screenshots and Logs in Appium. Capturing Screenshots and Logs In Appium Capturing screenshots and logs during your tests is crucial for diagnosing issues, verifying UI elements, and ensuring your app behaves as expected. Screenshots provide visual evidence, while logs offer detailed information about the app’s behavior, network requests, errors, and more.Create New Utils ClassLet’s begin by creating a new Utils class, which will be instrumental in managing your screenshot captures and logging methods. To start, navigate to your project and create a new class within the com.helpers package, or alternatively, any directory that suits your organizational preferences. Creating A New Utils ClassUtils.classpackage com.helpers; import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType; import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogEntry; import org.openqa.selenium.io.FileHandler; import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogEntries; import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogType;Capturing ScreenshotsTo capture screenshots in Appium using Java, you can use the getScreenshotAs method. Utils.classpublic class Utils { public static void captureScreenshot(WebDriver driver, String fileName) { File srcFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); try { FileHandler.copy(srcFile, new File("./target/screenshots/" + fileName + ".png")); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } It’s important to organize your project structure effectively. To achieve this, we’ll create a dedicated /screenshots directory within the target folder of your project. This organization ensures that all screenshots are stored in a centralized location, making them easy to locate and manage. Creating A New Screenshots Directory For instance, when you capture a screenshot during the automation process, you can save it in this newly created directory. To maintain clarity and avoid confusion, it's essential to give each screenshot file a descriptive name. In this particular example, we will name the screenshot file add_new_task_screen.In this particular example, we will name the screenshot file add_new_task_screen. This naming convention not only helps in identifying the context of the screenshot quickly but also enhances the overall readability and maintainability of your test reports.Call this method in your test script where you want to capture the screenshot: Test: clickingAddTaskButton()@Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement addTaskTitle = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); Assert.assertTrue(addTaskTitle.isDisplayed(), "User is on the Add Task Details Screen"); Utils.captureScreenshot(driver, "add_new_task_screen"); driver.navigate().back(); Thread.sleep(1000); }When executing your script in Appium, the captured screenshot is stored in the /target/screenshot/ directory. To view the newly captured screenshot, you will need to refresh your project. Once refreshed, the file named add_new_task_screen will appear in the screenshots directory. This step is crucial for verifying that your automation scripts are correctly capturing the visual output you expect. GIF: Reviewing Screenshot Image After Executing TestCapturing LogsTo capture logs in Appium using Java, you can use the getLog method. Here’s how:Test: captureLogs()public static void captureLogs(WebDriver driver) { LogEntries logEntries = driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.BROWSER); for (LogEntry entry : logEntries) { System.out.println(entry.getMessage()); } }Call this method in your test script to capture and print the logs: JavaUtils.captureLogs(driver);Troubleshooting Permission Issues: Ensure your script has write permissions to the directory where screenshots and logs are saved. Driver Compatibility: Make sure the Appium driver versions are compatible with your testing framework and mobile OS. Error Handling: Implement error handling in your scripts to manage exceptions during screenshot or log capture.Best Practices Organize Screenshots: Save screenshots with meaningful names and organize them in folders based on test cases or test runs. Log Levels: Use different log levels (e.g. INFO, DEBUG, ERROR) to filter logs effectively. Automate Log Analysis: Consider automating log analysis to highlight errors or warnings. Periodic Captures: Capture screenshots and logs periodically during long test runs to monitor app behavior over time.ConclusionBy now, you should know how to capture screenshots and logs during your Appium test executions. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to debug and report on your tests. Continue honing your skills and exploring more advanced topics in Appium and QA testing. Happy testing! Cucumber (Gherkin) Official Docs Discover more about Cucumber, the powerful tool for Behavior-Driven Development (BDD). To learn more, visit the official Cucumber Website, where you can explore its features, documentation, and resources. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Introduction to Cucumber and Gherkin Welcome to Mastering QA! In this guide, we’ll introduce you to Cucumber and Gherkin, two powerful tools that revolutionize Behavior-Driven Development (BDD). Understanding these tools will provide a strong foundation for writing and automating your tests effectively.What is Cucumber?Cucumber is an open-source BDD framework that simplifies the process of defining and executing tests. It encourages collaboration between technical and non-technical team members, fostering better communication and understanding of software requirements.What is Gherkin?Gherkin is a human-readable language used to write Cucumber scenarios. It’s designed to be simple, easy to understand, and accessible to non-developers. Gherkin acts as the bridge between plain text descriptions of software behaviors and the automation code that validates those behaviors.Feature FilesFeature files are where Gherkin shines. These text files have a .feature extension and contain high-level descriptions of software features or functionalities. They serve as documentation and test scripts simultaneously.ScenariosScenarios are individual test cases written in Gherkin. They describe a specific behavior or test case, typically following a Given-When-Then structure. For example:Scenario: home-screen.featureFeature: Home Screen - Verify Web App Navigation Menu Links Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayed 1 Given 2 When 3 Then This keyword sets the stage for the scenario by describing the initial context or preconditions. It establishes the state of the system before the action occurs.This keyword defines the action or event that triggers the scenario. It represents the user's interaction with the system or the event that takes place.This keyword outlines the expected outcome or result after the action is performed. It specifies what should happen as a result of the interaction, allowing for validation of the scenario. Step DefinitionsStep definitions are the automation code that executes the steps in Gherkin scenarios.Step Defintionspublic class HomeStepDefs { public WebDriver driver = Hooks.driver; @Given("the user is on the home screen") public void the_user_is_on_the_home_screen() throws InterruptedException { // logic goes here } @When("the user clicks the {string} icon") public void the_user_clicks_the_icon(String iconName) { // logic goes here } @Then("the {string} screen is displayed") public void the_screen_is_displayed(String screenName) { // logic goes here } @When("the user clicks the {string} link") public void the_user_clicks_the_link(String linkName) { // logic goes here } }Benefits of Cucumber and Gherkin Improved Collaboration: Cucumber and Gherkin facilitate effective communication between technical and non-technical team members, leading to better software understanding. Reusable Steps: Gherkin steps can be reused across multiple scenarios, reducing redundancy and maintenance efforts. Living Documentation: Feature files serve as living documentation that stays up-to-date with your application's behavior. Automation: Cucumber allows you to automate tests based on Gherkin scenarios, making it easier to validate software functionality.ConclusionNow that you have a basic understanding of Cucumber and Gherkin, it’s time to Set Up Cucumber in Your Project. Setting Up Cucumber in Your Project In this guide, we’ll walk you through the essential steps to set up Cucumber in a Java project. Proper setup is crucial for ensuring a smooth workflow for your Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) testing. By following this guide, you’ll be well on your way!Prerequisites Java Development Kit (JDK) installed. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Eclipse. Maven for dependency management.Create a New Maven ProjectTo embark on your journey with a Cucumber Gherkin project, the first step is to create a new Maven project. If you’re unfamiliar with setting up a Maven project, don’t worry. Our guide here on How To Create A New Maven Project in Eclipse, will walk you through the process step by step.Once your Maven project is successfully set up, the next crucial task is to add the core Maven dependencies required for your Cucumber Gherkin project. Head over to your pom.xml file and these between your dependencies tag. Adding Dependencies To pom.xmlpom.xml<!-- Selenium Java --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.20.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Cucumber Java --> <dependency> <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId> <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId> <version>7.11.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Cucumber JUnit --> <dependency> <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId> <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId> <version>7.11.0</version> </dependency> <!-- JUnit 4 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Extent Reports Cucumber Adapter --> <dependency> <groupId>tech.grasshopper</groupId> <artifactId>extentreports-cucumber7-adapter</artifactId> <version>1.14.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Extent Reports --> <dependency> <groupId>com.aventstack</groupId> <artifactId>extentreports</artifactId> <version>5.1.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Commons IO --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.11.0</version> </dependency>Organizing Your Project Structure Now that we have our project created, let’s set up our base folders and directories. To get started, we’ll need to create a few specific folders. In this guide we’ll be incorporating the com.kicksapp package in our project to keep our files organize. Organizing Cucumber Project com/kicksapp/runners - This folder is where our test runner files will be stored. These files are essential for executing our test suites. com/kicksapp/stepdefs - Here, we'll keep our test step definitions. This organization helps in managing the steps involved in our tests, making them easy to locate and modify. src/test/resources/driver - This is the designated folder for our driver files. For this project, we'll be using Chromedriver. Ensuring the driver is in the right place helps in seamless test execution. src/test/resources/features - Most importantly, this folder will store our feature files. Feature files are the cornerstone of our behavior-driven development (BDD) approach, outlining the scenarios and behaviors our application should exhibit. Tip: Naming Your Package DirectoryYou can choose to keep you package as simple as src/test/java/runners or src/test/java/stepdefs. However in this guide We’ll be using the com/kicksapp/… package.Downloading the Cucumber Plugin for EclipseOnce we have these packages and folders set up, the next step is to download the Cucumber plugin for Eclipse. This plugin is essential for integrating Cucumber with Eclipse, providing a robust environment for running and managing our BDD tests.Navigate to the top menu and click on Help . From the dropdown menu, select Eclipse Marketplace… Installing Cucumber Plugin From The Eclipse Marketplace Search for Cucumber: In the Eclipse Marketplace window, use the search bar to type in [direction]"Cucumber"[/direction]. Press Enter to view the search results. Install the Cucumber Plugin: Locate the Cucumber plugin from the list of results. Click the [direction]Install[/direction] button next to the Cucumber plugin entry. Follow the prompts to complete the installation process. Restart Eclipse: Once the installation is finished, you will be prompted to restart Eclipse. Click [direction]Restart Now[/direction] to apply the changes.ConclusionOrganizing your project with these folders ensures a streamlined process where each component of your testing framework is easily accessible. This setup not only enhances productivity but also aligns with best practices in test automation, making it easier to scale and maintain your tests.Now you’re ready to Write Your First Gherkin Feature File. Continue to the next guide to dive into writing Gherkin scenarios. Writing Your First Gherkin Feature File Now that you have Cucumber set up in your project, it’s time to write your first Gherkin feature file. This guide will help you create a feature file and define scenarios using Gherkin syntax.Gherkin feature files are written with the .feature extension and contain a structured language with keywords like Feature, Scenario, Given, When, Then, And, and But. Let’s write a simple feature file for a checking the navigation on the Kicks Web App functionality. Kicks App | Flutter WebCreating a Feature FileFirst, navigate to your project’sfeaturesdirectory. This is where all your feature files will reside. To get started with our scenarios, we need to create a new file. Create a file named home-screen.feature inside the features directory. Creating The Home Screen Feature FilePath: home-screen.featuresrc/test/resources/features/home-screen.featureBy creating the home-screen.feature file, we establish a dedicated space for our home screen scenarios. This approach not only helps in organizing our tests but also makes it easier to locate and update them as needed.Write a Feature Scenario Ensuring a seamless user experience starts with verifying that all navigation links on the home screen function as expected. Below we are going test a few test cases related to the navigation menu.home-screen.feature# Author: J Richard | Mastering QA Feature: Home Screen - Verify Web App Navigation Menu Links Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayed Scenario: Click the Products link Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "Products" link Then the "Products" screen is displayed Home Screen Feature File ScenariosUnderstanding Gherkin Syntax Feature: Provides a detailed overview of the feature being tested, outlining its purpose and functionality. Scenario: Specifies a particular test case for the feature, illustrating a unique situation to validate its performance. Given: Establishes the initial conditions and context necessary for the test to proceed, ensuring a proper setup. When: Captures the specific actions taken by the user during the test, detailing the interactions that trigger the functionality. Then: Articulates the expected results of the test, defining the criteria for success and the desired behavior of the feature. Given the user is on the home screenThis step sets the initial context. It assumes the user has already landed on the home screen of the web application. When the user clicks the "login" icon This action step simulates the user clicking on the login icon, which is expected to take them to the login screen. Then the "Login" screen is displayedThe final step verifies the outcome, ensuring that clicking the login icon indeed navigates the user to the login screen. Click the Products Link TestThe second scenario is pretty much similar but in this case we will be clicking the products link and verifying that we landed there successfully.ConclusionYou’ve written your first Gherkin feature file. Next, you’ll learn how about Scenario Outlines and Examples. Continue to the next guide to explore step definitions. Scenario Outlines and Examples In this guide, you’ll learn how to use scenario outlines and examples to write more dynamic and data-driven tests. This allows you to test multiple cases with different inputs and expected outcomes efficiently.What is a Scenario Outline? A Scenario Outline is a template for a scenario that can be run multiple times with different sets of data. It is useful when you want to test the same scenario with different inputs and expected outcomes. This helps in reducing redundancy and improving the readability and maintainability of your test suite.Syntax of Scenario OutlineThe syntax of a Scenario Outline in Gherkin is as follows:GherkinScenario Outline: Title of the scenario Given some precondition When some action is performed Then some expected outcome should happen Examples: | parameter1 | parameter2 | | value1 | value2 | | value3 | value4 | Scenario Outline: This keyword establishes a scenario template that allows for the reuse of the same test steps with varying data inputs, streamlining the testing process. Examples: This section specifies the various sets of data that will be used to fill in the placeholders defined in the Scenario Outline, enabling comprehensive testing of multiple scenarios efficiently.Using Examples in Scenario Outline The Examples section contains a table where each row represents a different set of values to be used in the scenario. The values from the table are substituted into the scenario outline, and the scenario is run once for each row. Cucumber Scenario Outline ExampleConsider a scenario where we want to test the products filter functionality of the Kicks website with different filters and verifying the item counts. This involves simulating user actions on the website to ensure that the filters for products work as expected.GherkinFeature: Products Page Filters & Stock Count Scenario Outline: User clicks product filter, choose a gender option and verify item count Given the user is on the products screen When the user clicks "<filter>" filter option And the user clicks the "<gender>" gender option And the user clicks a "<size>" shoe Then the first sneaker option is "<first_sneaker>" And the result is now "<item_count>" Examples: | filter | gender | size | first_sneaker | item_count | | Most popular | Male | 10.5 | Adidas Converse | 7 items | | Lowest price | Female | 6 | New Balance Streetwear | 13 items | | Highest price | Male | 9.5 | Jordan Orginal | 9 items | | Newest | Female | 7 | Nike Air Max 360 | 14 items |This feature focuses on verifying that the product filters on the Kicks website are working correctly. It includes tests for various filters such as Most popular, Lowest price, Highest price, and Newest to ensure they return the correct item count. Given the user is on the products screenThis step sets the initial condition that the user is on the products page of the website. When the user clicks "<filter>" filter optionThis action simulates the user clicking on a specific filter option, such as Most popular or Lowest price. And the user clicks the "<gender>" gender optionThis action simulates the user selecting a gender filter, such as Male or Female. And the user clicks a "<size>" shoeThis action simulates the user selecting a shoe size, such as 10.5 or 6. Then the first sneaker option is "<first_sneaker>"This step verifies that the first sneaker displayed matches the expected sneaker for the given filter. And the result is now "<item_count>"This step verifies that the total number of items displayed matches the expected item count.ConclusionGherkin Scenario Outlines are essential for enhancing clarity and efficiency in your behavior-driven development (BDD) process. They allow for reusable scenarios with varying inputs, simplifying test case creation and promoting collaboration among team members. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Implementing Step Definitions, where we’ll connect your Gherkin scenarios to executable code. Implementing Step Definitions Now is the time to create and implement our Step Definition Class in Cucumber. This critical step will ensure our test automation framework is robust and efficient. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of setting up your Step Definition Class, specifically focusing on creating a file to store your HomeStepDefs file within your project.Setting Up Your Step Definition ClassTo begin, navigate to the appropriate location in your project directory where you want to store your Step Definition files. It’s essential to keep your project well-organized, making it easier to maintain and scale as needed. In this case we’ll be storing our files in this location – src/test/java/com/kicksapp/stepDefs Cucumber Step Definitions Directory IDE: Launch Eclipse and open your project to get started on your Gherkin test definitions. Directory: Navigate to the src/test/java/com/kicksapp/stepDefs/ directory, where your step definitions will be organized. Create a New File: In the stepDefs directory, right-click and choose [direction]New File[/direction] to create a new file named HomeStepDefs.java, which will house your Gherkin step definitions for the Home feature.HomeStepDefssrc/test/java/kicksapp/stepDefs/HomeStepDefs.javaConvert Project to A Cucumber ProjectRight-click on your project and select Configure Convert to Cucumber Project . This set is necessary so we can generate our gherkin snippets. Converting Project To A Cucumber ProjectGenerate Gherkin Method SnippetsTo generate the necessary Gherkin method snippets, run the home-screen.feature file: Run Feature File: Right-click on the home-screen.feature file and select [direction] Run As > Cucumber Feature[/direction]. Review Snippets: Eclipse will execute the feature file, and if any step definitions are missing, it will generate method snippets for you. Copy these snippets into your HomeStepDefs.java class. Gherkin Generated Sample SnippetsGherkin Method Snippets@Given("the user is on the home screen") public void the_user_is_on_the_home_screen() { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); } @When("the user clicks the {string} icon") public void the_user_clicks_the_icon(String string) { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); } @Then("the {string} screen is displayed") public void the_screen_is_displayed(String string) { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); } @When("the user clicks the {string} link") public void the_user_clicks_the_link(String string) { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); }Now that we have our snippets, it’s time to add the necessary logic to each method to complete our HomeStepDefs class. This step is crucial as it bridges the gap between our feature files written in Gherkin and the actual automation code that interacts with our web application.In the HomeStepDefs class, we initialize a WebDriver instance through the Hooks class, ensuring a consistent browser session. The testUrl variable holds the URL of our web application, setting the stage for user interaction scenarios.HomeStepDefs – WebDriverpublic class HomeStepDefs { public WebDriver driver = Hooks.driver; private final String testUrl = "https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/";Navigating to the Home ScreenThe first step is to navigate the user to the home screen. Using the @Given annotation, we define the method the_user_is_on_the_home_screen. This method directs the browser to the specified URL and pauses for 2 seconds to ensure the page is fully loaded. Kicks App | Home Screen@Given@Given("the user is on the home screen") public void the_user_is_on_the_home_screen() throws InterruptedException { driver.get(testUrl); Utils.wait(2); }Interacting with IconsNext, we manage user interactions with icons on the home screen. The @When annotation is used to define the method the_user_clicks_the_icon. This method receives an icon name as a parameter, locates the corresponding icon using a CSS selector, and performs a click action. Find & Click The Login Icon@When@When("the user clicks the {string} icon") public void the_user_clicks_the_icon(String iconName) { try { switch(iconName.toLowerCase()) { case "login": { WebElement loginIcon = driver.findElement( By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"login-icon\"]")); loginIcon.click(); Utils.wait(2); break; } default: System.err.println("The icon called '" + iconName + "' was not found. Try again."); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }Verifying Screen DisplaysAfter interacting with icons, it’s essential to verify that the correct screen is displayed. The @Then annotation defines the method the_screen_is_displayed, which checks for the presence of the Sign In button on the login screen to confirm successful navigation. Verify That The Sign In Button Exist Verifying That The Product Page Is Displayed@Then@Then("the {string} screen is displayed") public void the_screen_is_displayed(String screenName) { try { switch(screenName.toLowerCase()) { case "login": { WebElement loginSignInButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Sign In\"]")); assert loginSignInButton.isDisplayed(); Utils.wait(2); break; } case "products": { WebElement filterMostPopular = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Most popular\"]")); assert filterMostPopular.isDisplayed(); Utils.wait(2); break; } default: System.err.println("The screen named '" + screenName + "' was not found. Try again."); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }Navigating via LinksLastly, we enable users to click on various links within the application. The @When annotation is used again to define the method the_user_clicks_the_link, which handles click actions for specified links. Tip: Navigating LinksThis method is related to the second scenario, where we click on the Products link and verify that we’re on he Products screen. User Clicks The Products Link@When@When("the user clicks the {string} link") public void the_user_clicks_the_link(String linkName) { try { switch(linkName.toLowerCase()) { case "products": { WebElement productsNavLink = driver.findElement( By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Products\"]")); productsNavLink.click(); Utils.wait(2); break; } default: System.err.println("The link named '" + linkName + "' was not found. Try again."); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } Tip: HomeStepDefsBy integrating these methods into our HomeStepDefs class, each method is crafted to handle specific interactions and verifications, making our tests both comprehensive and easy to understand.ConclusionNow that we have a solid grasp of creating and managing step definitions, it’s time to elevate our Cucumber skills further. In next guide, we’ll delve into Understanding Cucumber Tags, a powerful feature that can enhance the flexibility and efficiency of your testing framework. Understanding Cucumber Tags In this guide, you’ll learn how to use Cucumber tags and hooks to organize and manage your tests efficiently. Tags allow you to categorize your scenarios, and hooks provide a way to run code before or after scenarios.Tags in CucumberTags are a way to organize and control the execution of your tests. They allow you to group scenarios, features, or even specific steps, making it easier to manage large test suites. Tags are prefixed with @ and placed above the relevant Gherkin keyword. Single TagA single tag, such as @smoketest or @ignore, is used to label a specific test scenario. For instance, @smoketest indicates a basic test run to check the essential functionality, while @ignore is used to exclude certain tests from execution.Single Tag: @smoketest | @ignore@smoketest Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayed @ignore Scenario: Click the Products link Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "Products" link Then the "Products" screen is displayedMultiple TagsMultiple tags, like @smoketest @critical, combine multiple categories, providing a more granular control over which tests to run. This combination might be used to run tests that are both part of the smoke test suite and critical for the application, ensuring that key functionalities are validated promptly.Multiple Tags: @smoketest @critical@smoketest @critical Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayedCreating a Test RunnerCreate a test runner class in the src/test/java/com/kicksapp/runners directory. We’re going to name this class HomeScreenRunner. Creating Home Screen Runner FileRunning Tests with TagsTo run tests with specific tags, use the @RunWithand @CucumberOptions annotations in your test runner class.The @CucumberOptions annotation is where you configure various aspects of your Cucumber tests. Here’s a breakdown of the options used in the snippet: Cucumber Runner File With OptionsHomeScreenRunner.classimport org.junit.runner.RunWith; import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber; import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions; @RunWith(Cucumber.class) @CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true ) public class HomeScreenRunner { }features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature": This specifies the path to the feature files. Feature files contain scenarios written in Gherkin language, which Cucumber executes.glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs": This option specifies the package where step definition methods are located. Step definitions are the actual code implementations of the steps described in the feature files.tags = "@smoketest": Tags are used to filter which tests to run. In this case, only the scenarios tagged with @smoketest will be executed.plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}: This specifies the reporting plugins to use. The html plugin generates a simple html test report.monochrome = true: This option makes the console output more readable by removing unnecessary characters and colors.Tag ExpressionsCucumber supports tag expressions to combine multiple tags using logical operators: AND The AND operator in Cucumber tag expressions is used to run scenarios that are tagged with multiple tags simultaneously. For instance, consider the tags @login and @critical. By using the expression @login and @critical, Cucumber will execute only those scenarios that are tagged with both @login and @critical. This is particularly useful when you need to focus on tests that are both essential and pertain to specific functionalities.Tags: AND@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@login and @critical", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true ) OR The OR operator broadens the scope by running scenarios that match any of the specified tags. For example, using @moketest or @critical will run all scenarios tagged with either @smoketest or @critical. This approach is beneficial when you want to cover a broader range of tests without being too restrictive, ensuring that all relevant functionalities are tested.Tags: OR@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@smoketest or @critcal", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true ) NOT The NOT operator is employed to exclude specific tags from the test run. For example, the expression not @ignore will execute all scenarios except those tagged with @ignore. This is especially useful for excluding tests that are either known to fail, are under development, or are not currently relevant to the test cycle.Tags: NOT@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@smoketest and not @ignore", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true )ConclusionYou’ve mastered the art of using tags. Tags allow you to categorize your scenarios, making it easier to run specific tests based on your needs. Whether you’re focusing on a particular feature or running regression tests, tags streamline the process, saving you valuable time.Now that you are comfortable with tags, it’s time to start Understanding Cucumber Hooks. Understanding Cucumber Hooks In this guide, you’ll learn how to use Cucumber hooks to streamline your testing process and make your scenarios more efficient. Cucumber hooks are blocks of code that run at various points in the Cucumber test cycle, allowing you to set up and tear down the test environment, manipulate data, and configure test settings dynamically. By mastering hooks, you can enhance your test suite’s maintainability and readability, ensuring that your tests run smoothly and reliably.Hooks in CucumberHooks are special blocks of code that run at specific points in the test execution lifecycle. They allow you to set up preconditions and postconditions for your tests. In Cucumber, hooks are defined using the @Before and @After annotations.Types of HooksBefore HookThe @Before hook, as the name suggests, runs before each scenario. This means that any code you include in a @Before hook will execute before your test case starts. This is essential for preparing the test environment, ensuring that each test runs in a clean and consistent state. For instance, you might want to launch a browser, navigate to a specific URL, or initialize test data.@Before Hookpublic class Hooks { public static WebDriver driver; @Before public void setup() { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10)); driver.manage().window().maximize(); }After HookAmong the different types of hooks, the @After hook plays a crucial role in ensuring your test scenarios are executed smoothly and efficiently. Specifically, the @After hook runs after each scenario, providing a perfect opportunity to perform cleanup tasks, release resources, or log information that helps in debugging and analysis.@After Hook@After public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { driver.quit(); driver = null; }BeforeStepThe @BeforeStep hook, as its name suggests, runs before each individual step in your test scenarios. This hook can be particularly useful for setting up preconditions or performing repetitive tasks that need to be executed before every step.@BeforeStep Hook@BeforeStep public void beforeStep(Scenario scenario) { System.out.println("About to execute step: " + scenario.getName()); }AfterStepThe @AfterStep hook in Cucumber is designed to run a block of code after every single step of your test scenario. This capability is essential for tasks such as taking screenshots after each step to help with debugging or logging detailed information about the execution of each step. Implementing the @AfterStep hook can significantly enhance the visibility and traceability of your tests, making it easier to identify where an issue occurred if a test fails.@AfterStep Hook@AfterStep public void afterStep(Scenario scenario) { Utils.wait(3); final byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES); scenario.attach(screenshot, "image/png", "image"); }Conditional Hooks To further refine and control the execution of hooks, Cucumber provides the feature of conditional hooks with tags. Tags in Cucumber are metadata assigned to scenarios or feature files, and they can be used to conditionally apply hooks. For instance, if you have specific setup or teardown procedures that should only run for certain tests, you can tag those tests accordingly and define hooks that only trigger for those tags.Conditional Tagsimport io.cucumber.java.Before; import io.cucumber.java.After; public class Hooks { @Before("@login") public void beforeLogin() { // Code to run before scenarios tagged with @login } @After("@logout") public void afterLogout() { // Code to run after scenarios tagged with @logout } }ConclusionIncorporating hooks into your Cucumber tests is a powerful way to maintain a stable test environment, enhancing the overall reliability of your test suite. With hooks, you gain precise control over your test execution process, ensuring each scenario begins and ends in a consistent state. This mastery can lead to more trustworthy and efficient testing, ultimately contributing to higher quality software. Now that you are comfortable with tags and hooks, it’s time to start Running Your Cucumber Tests & Generating Reports. Running Cucumber Tests & Generating Reports Setting up Hooks and Tags in Cucumber is just the beginning of efficient test automation. Once your environment is configured, the next step is to explore the various methods available for executing your Cucumber scripts.Each method has its unique advantages and use cases. In this guide, we will delve into three primary ways to run your Cucumber tests: The Feature File - This method is ideal for quickly running specific features during development. JUnit Test - This method is suitable for developers looking to perform rapid testing of their scripts with minimal setup. Maven using Terminal - This method is perfect for integrating into continuous integration/continuous deployment.Running as a Cucumber FeatureThe first method to execute your Cucumber script is directly from the feature file. This method is straightforward and does not consider tags. Running As A Cucumber FeatureHow to Execute: Right-click on the feature file and select Run As > Cucumber Feature.Best Use Case: This method is ideal for quickly running specific features during development, allowing you to verify functionality without the need for additional configurations. Running as a Cucumber FeatureThis method does not allow for the use of tags, which can be limiting if you need to run specific subsets of tests.Running as a JUnit TestThe second method involves running your Cucumber scripts using JUnit, which is great for quick testing. Running As A JUnit TestHow to Execute: Open the Runner File and select Run As > JUnit Test.Best Use Case: This method is suitable for testers looking to perform rapid testing of their scripts with minimal setup. Running as a JUnit TestPrimarily used within a local development setup and may not be suitable for larger, continuous integration environments.Configuring Cucumber OptionsOne of the standout features of Cucumber is its ability to integrate with various plugins, which allows users to generate a variety of reports.Common Plugin Options html: This plugin generates a comprehensive HTML report, providing a clear and visually appealing overview of your test results. json: The JSON plugin creates a structured JSON report, offering detailed insights that can be easily integrated into other tools or systems for further analysis. junit: The JUnit plugin produces a standard JUnit XML report, ensuring compatibility with various testing frameworks and continuous integration tools. extents adapter: This plugin generates a visually stunning HTML report with rich formatting and detailed analytics, making it easy to share and present your test outcomes.CucumberOptions@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {}, monochrome = true, )Generating ReportsCucumber can generate various types of reports. The most commonly used are HTML and JSON reports.HTML ReportHTML reports are user-friendly and provide a detailed overview of test scenarios, steps, and their outcomes.HTML Report@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"pretty","html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true, ) Example: HTML ReportJSON ReportJSON reports are useful for integrating Cucumber test results with other tools, such as CI/CD pipelines or dashboards. These reports provide a structured format that can be easily parsed and processed.JSON Reports@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"pretty","json:target/cucumber-reports.json"} monochrome = true, ) Example: JSON ReportExtent HTML ReportThe ExtentCucumberAdapter plugin is a highly versatile and essential tool for modern test reporting, seamlessly integrating with your testing pipeline to deliver a cutting-edge HTML reporting design. Its interactive, visually appealing format transforms test results into clear and actionable insights, making it indispensable for enhancing the efficiency and transparency of your testing processes.Extent HTML Report@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"com.aventstack.extentreports.cucumber.adapter.ExtentCucumberAdapter:"}, monochrome = true, ) Example: Extent HTML Report Ensure you add the plugin to your runner before proceeding!Once the plugin is added, execute the mvn test command to run your tests. After the tests complete, you can view the detailed report generated by the ExtentsCucumberAdapter. This will also work for Running as a JUnit Test method.Running from Terminal using MavenThe third method is running your scripts from the terminal using the mvn test command with the Surefire plugin, ideal for pipeline integration. In this scenario we’ll use the extents report. Running The Test Using Maven Command in TerminalTerminal: mvn test<plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M5</version> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/HomeScreenRunner.java</include> </includes> </configuration> </plugin> How to Execute: Open your terminal and navigate to your project directory. Use the command: mvn test. Best Use Case: This method is perfect for integrating into continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, ensuring that tests are automatically run as part of the build process. Maven Test Results Example: Extent HTML Report Tip: Initial Setup: Requires Maven and the Surefire plugin to be correctly set up, which may involve additional configuration.ConclusionUnderstanding the various methods to execute your Cucumber scripts is essential for efficient testing and integration into your development workflow. Whether you choose to run scripts directly from the feature file for quick checks, utilize JUnit for structured testing, or integrate with Maven for CI/CD pipelines, each method has its own unique advantages. By leveraging these techniques, you can ensure thorough testing of your application, leading to higher quality software and a more streamlined development process. Cypress Official DocsDiscover the latest features, updates, and resources directly from the Official Cypress Website. Dive into detailed documentation and explore everything Cypress has to offer for your test automation needs. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! An Introduction to Cypress Cypress is a powerful, next-generation front-end testing tool built for the modern web. It is designed to make testing fast, easy, and reliable for developers and QA engineers. Cypress tests anything that runs in a browser, making it an essential tool for web application testing.What is Cypress?Cypress is an open-source testing framework that allows developers to write end-to-end tests, integration tests, and unit tests. Unlike other testing tools, Cypress is built on a new architecture and runs in the same run-loop as the application. This unique approach provides better, more reliable, and faster tests.Key Features of Cypress Time Travel: Cypress takes snapshots as your tests run. You can hover over each command in the Test Runner to see exactly what happened at each step. Debugging: Cypress provides readable error messages and stack traces. It also has the ability to debug directly from Chrome DevTools. Real-time Reloads: Cypress automatically reloads whenever you make changes to your tests. Automatic Waiting: Cypress waits for commands and assertions before moving on. There is no need to add explicit waits or sleeps. Spies, Stubs, and Clocks: Like any good testing framework, Cypress comes with built-in spies, stubs, and clocks.Time TravelCypress is a powerful tool for end-to-end testing, and one of its standout features is Time Travel. This feature allows testers to visually travel back in time through their tests, inspecting every single step, action, and response. By leveraging Cypress Time Travel, testers can debug applications more effectively, quickly identifying where and why tests fail. Cypress Time Travel From TestThe interactive nature of Time Travel means you can hover over commands in the Command Log and instantly see what happened at each point in time, making debugging a breeze. This visual timeline is invaluable for understanding the exact state of your application at any given moment during the test.Debugging with CypressDebugging in Cypress is straightforward and user-friendly. Unlike traditional testing frameworks, Cypress provides real-time feedback and detailed error messages directly in the browser. This means you don’t have to waste time switching between different tools or digging through complex logs. Cypress Debugging Error MessageWith Cypress, you can debug directly within the browser using powerful developer tools. Moreover, Cypress automatically captures screenshots and videos of failed tests, making it easier than ever to pinpoint issues. By using Cypress’s robust debugging capabilities, you can save time and effort, ensuring your tests are both reliable and maintainable.Real-time ReloadsOne of the most impressive features of Cypress is its real-time reloads. Whenever you make a change to your tests or application code, Cypress automatically reloads and reruns the tests. This continuous feedback loop means you can see the effects of your changes immediately, without the need to manually restart the test runner. Cypress Reload On ChangeReal-time reloads significantly speed up the development process, as they allow for instant validation of code changes. This feature is particularly useful for teams practicing Test-Driven Development (TDD) or Continuous Integration (CI), as it ensures that all code modifications are immediately tested and validated.Automatic WaitingCypress takes the headache out of dealing with timing issues in your tests with its Automatic Waiting feature. Traditional test frameworks often require you to add manual waits or timeouts to ensure elements are ready for interaction. However, Cypress automatically waits for elements to appear, animations to complete, and AJAX requests to finish before moving on to the next command. Cypress Automatic Waiting - Super Fast!This intelligent waiting behavior ensures your tests are more reliable and less flaky. With Cypress Automatic Waiting, you no longer need to worry about intermittent test failures caused by elements not being ready. This feature helps create robust tests that are more reflective of real user interactions.Spies, Stubs, and ClocksCypress provides powerful utilities for spying, stubbing, and controlling time, which are essential for comprehensive testing. With spies, you can monitor function calls and ensure your application behaves as expected. Stubs allow you to replace real functions with mock implementations, making it possible to test your application in isolation.This is particularly useful for simulating different responses and scenarios without relying on a live backend. Additionally, Cypress’s clocks feature lets you control and manipulate the passage of time in your tests, allowing you to test time-dependent code more effectively. These tools give you full control over your test environment, enabling you to simulate complex scenarios and ensure your application is rock-solid under any condition.ConclusionCypress is a game-changer for front-end testing. Its ease of use, powerful features, and reliable testing environment make it an indispensable tool for developers and QA engineers. In the next guide, we will dive into the Installation and Setting Up Cypress , getting you ready to write your first test. Installing and Setting Up Cypress Now that you understand what Cypress is and its key features, it’s time to set up your environment. This guide will walk you through installing Cypress and configuring it for your project.PrerequisitesBefore installing Cypress, ensure you have the following prerequisites: Node.js: Cypress is built on Node.js, so you need to have Node.js installed on your system. You can download it from Node.js official website. Package Manager: You can use either npm (comes with Node.js) or yarn to install Cypress. Text Editor or IDE: Any text editor or IDE will work, but using one with good JavaScript support like Visual Studio Code is recommended. Viewing The Cypress WebsiteInstalling CypressGetting started with Cypress is a breeze, especially when it comes to the installation process.Initialize Your ProjectFirst, if you haven’t already set up a project, you’ll need to initialize one. This begins with creating a new directory that will house your project files. Once your directory is ready, the next step is to initialize a new Node.js project. This can be done effortlessly by navigating to your directory and running the appropriate command to initiate the Node.js setup, see below.Initialize Cypress Projectmkdir my-first-cypress-project cd my-first-cypress-project npm init -y Initializing A New NPM ProjectInstall Cypress via NPMWith your project initialized, the focus shifts to installing Cypress. Cypress can be easily added to your project via NPM, ensuring it’s saved as a development dependency. This is crucial as it helps maintain a clean and organized project environment. To install Cypress, simply run the command that adds it to your project dependencies, and NPM will take care of the rest.NPM: Installing Cypressnpm install cypress --save-dev Installing Cypress via NPMVerify InstallationAfter the installation process is complete, it’s important to verify that Cypress has been installed correctly. This can be done by opening Cypress through a command in your terminal. If everything has been set up properly, Cypress will launch, indicating that your installation was successful.NPM: Open Cypressnpx cypress open Cypress Installed SuccessfullyCypress StructureWhen you first open Cypress, it automatically generates a structured directory designed to streamline your testing workflow. This directory, simply named cypress, is home to several key folders that play a pivotal role in organizing your test suite.Cypress Project Structurecypress/ ├── fixtures/ ├── e2e/ ├── plugins/ └── support/ fixtures: This is where you store any static data that your tests might need. Whether it's sample JSON files or other data formats, this folder is your go-to place for predefined data sets that help simulate various test scenarios. e2e: This is where the actual test scripts reside, ready to be executed. By keeping your test scripts organized in this manner, Cypress ensures that you can easily manage and locate them as your testing suite grows. plugins:Cypress allows you to extend its functionality through various plugins, and this is the folder where those plugins live. By utilizing plugins, you can customize and enhance Cypress to better fit your project's specific needs. support: This folder is where you'll store custom commands and configurations. This is the backbone of your test suite’s functionality, allowing you to define reusable commands and tailor Cypress's behavior to match your testing requirements.Configure CypressCypress is configured using a file named cypress.json. This configuration file is crucial as it allows you to set various options to control Cypress’s behavior. For instance, you can specify the baseUrl for your tests, like so: cypress.json{ "baseUrl": "http://localhost:3000" }ConclusionWith Cypress installed and your directory structure in place, you’re now ready to dive deeper. The next step is Writing Your First Test In Cypress, which we will explore in the following guide. This will provide you with hands-on experience with Cypress, allowing you to harness its powerful features effectively and efficiently. This foundational understanding is crucial for anyone serious about mastering end-to-end testing with Cypress. Writing Your First Test in Cypress With Cypress installed and set up, it’s time to write your first test. This guide will walk you through creating a basic test to validate that Cypress is correctly configured and running. Writing tests in Cypress is intuitive and straightforward. Here’s an example of a basic test:Writing a Cypress TestHere’s an example test that checks if the login page loads correctly when the icon is clicked from the Home screen.Create a New Test FileCreate a new file in the cypress/e2e/home directory. In this example we’re going to create a new test file called home.cy.js. This file is going to house all of our scenarios related the Home page. home.cy.jsdescribe('Home Screen', () => { it('should navigate to the login page when the login icon is clicked', () => { const kicksAppsUrl = 'https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/'; cy.viewport(1920, 1080); // Set the viewport to a standard desktop size cy.visit(kicksAppsUrl); // Load the web application cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="login-icon"]') .should('be.visible').click(); // Locate and click the login icon cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="Sign In"]') .should('exist'); // Verify navigation to the login page }); });In this example, the describe block is used to group tests related to the Home Screen. Inside the it block, we have a single test case that checks whether the application correctly navigates to the login page when the login icon is clicked. Test Setup: The first step in the test is setting up the viewport size to 1920x1080 pixels. This ensures the test runs in a simulated screen size that closely mirrors a typical desktop display. This is optional. Visiting the Application URL: The next step involves visiting the specific URL of the web application. This is done using cy.visit(kicksAppsUrl);, where kicksAppsUrl is a variable holding our application's URL. Interacting the Login Icon: Once the page is loaded, the test uses cy.get to locate the login icon on the page. This element is identified using a semantic label aria-label="login-icon" within the flt-semantics tag. The should('be.visible') command ensures that the icon is visible before attempting to click it. This step is critical as it validates that the icon is correctly displayed on the page before any action is performed. Asserting the URL Path: The test asserts that the URL now contains the /sign-in path using cy.url().should('include', '/sign-in'). This check ensures that the application navigates to the correct page after the icon is clicked. Verifying Navigation to the Login Page: After clicking the login icon, the test checks whether the application has navigated to the login page by looking for an element with the aria-label="Sign In". The should('exist') command is used here to confirm that this element is present in the DOM, which indicates successful navigation. Run Your TestOpen Cypress Test Runner if it’s not already openRun Testnpx cypress open Browsers Available To Run Test OnSelect your test file home.cy.js from the Test Runner to execute it. You should see your test running in the browser, with all assertions passing. Cypress Runner with Home Spec Cypress Run Home Test - PassedConclusionYou’ve written and executed your first Cypress test. This basic test demonstrates how to visit a page, interact with elements, and make assertions. In the next guide, we will delve into Setting Up A Reliable & Scalable Tests to better understand how to organize and manage your test suite effectively. Setting Up a Reliable and Scalable Test Suite In Cypress In this guide I’ll walk you through some essential Cypress features, such as setting the baseUrl, using the beforeEach hook, organizing tests with nested describe blocks, and creating custom commands. Let’s dive in!Using the baseUrl to Store Your Test URLOne of the first steps in setting up a Cypress project is configuring your test environment. Instead of hardcoding URLs throughout your tests, you can streamline your code by using the baseUrl configuration in Cypress. This not only makes your tests more maintainable but also easier to read and manage. Setting the baseUrl: To set up your baseUrl, navigate to your cypress.json file (located in the root of your Cypress project) and add the following configuration:cypress.config.jsconst { defineConfig } = require("cypress"); module.exports = defineConfig({ e2e: { defaultCommandTimeout: 10000, // 10 seconds pageLoadTimeout: 60000, // 60 seconds for page load baseUrl: 'https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/', setupNodeEvents(on, config) { }, }, }); With this configuration, you can now visit your URL automatically during test.cy.visitcy.visit('/');Cypress automatically prepends the baseUrl to any relative URL you provide, making your tests more readable and easier to maintain. If you ever change your testing environment (e.g., from localhost to a staging server), you only need to update the baseUrl in one place.Using the beforeEach Hook in CypressThe beforeEach hook is a powerful feature in Cypress that allows you to run a specific piece of code before each test within a describe block. This is particularly useful for setting up a consistent test environment, ensuring that each test starts with the same conditions. Implementing beforeEach: In our sample script, we see the beforeEach hook used to set the viewport size and visit the homepage before each test. cy.viewport(1500, 780): Sets the browser window size to 1500x780 pixels, ensuring consistency across all tests. cy.visit('/'): Navigates to the homepage, using the relative path since baseUrl is set. cy.wait(5000):Pauses the test for 5 seconds to ensure that all elements on the page are loaded and ready for interaction.beforeEachdescribe('Home Screen', () => { beforeEach(() => { // This will run before each test, ensuring the website is always launched with custom viewport cy.viewport(1500, 780); cy.visit('/'); cy.wait(5000); // Ensures the page has fully loaded before running the test }); // Test cases will follow here... });This setup ensures that every test in the Home Screen block starts with the same conditions, leading to more reliable and predictable test outcomes.Using Nested describe BlocksAs your test suite grows, organizing your tests becomes crucial. Cypress allows you to structure your tests using nested describe blocks, which is particularly useful for grouping related tests and making your test suite easier to navigate.Implementing Nested describe Blocks:In the provided script, we see a nested describe structure used to organize tests related to the Home Screen and its Navigation Menu: Outer describe block (Home Screen): Groups all tests related to the home screen of your application. Nested describe block (Navigation Menu): Further organizes tests that specifically deal with the navigation menu.Nested describe()describe('Home Screen', () => { beforeEach(() => { cy.viewport(1500, 780); cy.visit('/'); cy.wait(5000); }); describe('Navigation Menu', () => { it('should navigate to the About Us page when the about link is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="About us"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/about-us'); const aboutUsPageHTitle = createMultilineSelector('About us'); cy.get(aboutUsPageHTitle).should('be.visible'); }); // Additional test cases for other navigation links... }); });This structure not only makes your tests easier to manage but also provides clear reporting when tests are run. You can easily identify which part of your application a failing test belongs to based on the describe block hierarchy.Using Custom Commands in CypressCypress allows you to extend its functionality by creating custom commands, which can simplify repetitive tasks and make your tests more expressive. Custom commands are particularly useful for abstracting complex interactions or frequently used selectors.Creating and Using a Custom Command:In the provided script, the createMultilineSelector command is imported and used to generate a selector for elements with multiline text. createMultilineSelector: This custom command likely returns a selector that matches elements based on their aria-label attribute, specifically targeting multiline text. By using this command, we avoid duplicating complex selectors throughout our tests. Usage in Tests:Instead of writing out the full selector each time, you simply call createMultilineSelector('About us'), making the test more readable and easier to maintain.Using createMultilineSelectorimport { createMultilineSelector } from '../../support/e2e.js'; describe('Home Screen', () => { beforeEach(() => { cy.viewport(1500, 780); cy.visit('/'); cy.wait(5000); }); describe('Navigation Menu', () => { it('should navigate to the About Us page when the about link is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="About us"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/about-us'); const aboutUsPageHTitle = createMultilineSelector('About us'); cy.get(aboutUsPageHTitle).should('be.visible'); }); // Additional test cases... }); });Creating Custom CommandsYou can define custom commands in the cypress/support/e2e.js file. Here’s how you might define the createMultilineSelector command:Custom function – createMultilineSelector()import './commands' export function createMultilineSelector(text) { let selector = 'flt-semantics[aria-label="'; for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) { selector += text[i]; if (i < text.length - 1) { selector += '\n'; // Add a newline after each character, except the last one } } selector += '"]'; return selector; }This function dynamically creates a selector that matches any element whose aria-label contains the specified text, making it versatile for various testing scenarios. ConclusionNow that we have our Cypress script set up in a scalable state, we’re ready to take the next step Running Test Scenarios in Cypress to ensure our application behaves as expected across different user interactions. This is where the true power of Cypress shines. By crafting various test scenarios, we can simulate real-world usage patterns, validating that all parts of our web application function correctly under different conditions. Running Test Scenarios in Cypress Before diving into the methods of running tests, let’s first expand our test suite with a few additional scenarios. These new tests will help us better understand the different ways Cypress can be utilized.Enhancing the Home Screen ScenariosIn this guide we’ll be going through the application, checking the links in the header menu like Products, Login, Cart. These are essential user flows, and ensuring they work correctly is vital for a seamless user experience. For instance, when the user clicks on the Products link, the application should navigate to the Products page, where the title Performance Sneakers should be visible. Similarly, clicking the login icon should direct the user to the sign-in page, with the Sign In button present and ready for interaction. The same applies to the Cart icon, leading the user to a Shopping Cart page, confirming the presence of the Shopping Cart title.Below is the enhanced version of the previous home screen test file, which includes test the new use cases mentioned above.Enhanced Home Screen Scenariosit('should navigate to the Products page when the products link is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="Products"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/products'); cy.wait(3000); const productsPageTitle = createMultilineSelector('Performance Sneakers'); cy.get(productsPageTitle).should('be.visible'); }); it('should navigate to the Login page when the login icon is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="login-icon"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/sign-in'); cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="Sign In"]').should('exist'); }); it('should navigate to the Cart page when the cart icon is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="cart-icon"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/cart'); const shoppingCartTitle = createMultilineSelector('Shopping Cart'); cy.get(shoppingCartTitle).should('be.visible'); });Running Test Using: Cypress RunNow that we’ve expanded our test suite, we can explore different ways to run these tests in Cypress. One approach is using the Cypress run command. This command allows you to run your tests in headless mode, meaning the tests execute without opening a browser window. This method is particularly useful for integrating tests into CI/CD pipelines where you need the tests to run automatically without manual intervention.cypress runnpx cypress run --spec cypress/e2e/home/home-advance.cy.js Cypress Testing Running In Headless ModeRunning Test Using: Cypress OpenAlternatively, you can use the npx cypress open command. This command opens the Cypress Test Runner in a graphical interface, allowing you to manually select and run tests. It’s an excellent way to visually interact with your tests and see them run in real-time, which can be particularly useful during the development phase when debugging issues.cypress opennpx cypress open Choosing E2E Testing To Start Cypress Test Browsers Available To Run Test On List of Cypress Tests To Choose From Cypress Test Runner With A Passed TestRunning Test Using: package.jsonFor convenience, you might want to add commands directly into your package.json file. This allows you to run specific test scripts or open the Cypress Test Runner with a single command.package.json"scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "all-e2e-gui": "npx cypress open --e2e", "home-test-headless": "npx cypress run --spec \"cypress/e2e/home/home-advance.cy.js\"" }, Viewing the package.json file. To view the Run Script | Debug Script options, hover your mouse over the script name and it will display. all-e2e-gui : npx cypress open --e2e - This gives you the ability to launch the Test Runner directly from the terminal. home-test-headless: npx cypress run --spec \"cypress/e2e/home/home-advance.cy.js\ - This is to run your home screen tests in headless mode, ensuring that you can quickly execute these tests without needing to manually input commands each time.ConclusionRunning test scenarios in Cypress is a seamless experience, thanks to its versatility in execution methods. By enhancing your test scenarios and leveraging different ways to execute them, you can ensure that your testing process is both efficient and effective. In the next guide you learn about Connecting Your Cypress Project To Cypress Cloud! Connecting Cypress Project to Cypress Cloud Connecting your Cypress project to Cypress Cloud is an essential step to enhance your testing workflow. Cypress Cloud offers robust features such as test recording, parallelization, and integration with CI/CD pipelines, which can significantly improve the efficiency and visibility of your test results. In this guide, we’ll walk through the steps to set up and connect your Cypress project to Cypress Cloud, ensuring a seamless integration. Cypress Cloud Login PageSetup Cypress Cloud AccountFirst, sign up for a Cypress Cloud account at Cypress Cloud. Once registered, create a new project in the Cypress Cloud dashboard. This project will be linked to your local Cypress project. Creating A New Project In Cypress CloudAdd Cypress Project ID To Your Local ProjectIn your local project, let’s add project id to the cypress.config.js file. You can find this file in the root of the project. Reviewing The Cypress Project Configcypress.config.jsconst { defineConfig } = require('cypress'); module.exports = defineConfig({ projectId: 'your-project-id', // other configurations }); Adding Project ID To Local ProjectChoose Your CI Provider – GitHub To start recording test runs in a pipeline we have to configure our CL Provider in this case, we’ll be configure the the GitHub Actions. Selecting GitHub As CI Integration Cypress GitHub Actions Setup Record a run - In Terminal run this command npx cypress run --record --key your-record-key Set CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY in the GitHub repo. [direction] Settings > Secrets and Variables > Actions [/direction] then create New repository secret Cypress.yml - Create a directory and create new yml file to store the pipeline configurations. Running Cypress Run Record For Home Advance Test Setting the CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY In GitHubCreate Cypress.yml FileTo set up your Cypress project for seamless integration with CI/CD pipelines, the first step is to create a directory and a new cypress.yml file. This file will house all your pipeline configurations, ensuring your testing processes are streamlined and efficient. Navigate to your project directory, and within the Cypress local project, add a new directory at the following location: .github workflows . Creating Directory To Store The Cypress.yml FileIn the Cypress Cloud Setup Guide, you’ll start by copying the generated cypress.yml file that’s been tailored for your project. To better align this configuration with the specific needs of your project, I’ve made several adjustments to the file. Tweaked Cypress YML File In Staging Cypress YML File - New file created. Focus On Main Branch Only - Refined the on push step to trigger exclusively when changes are pushed to the main branch. Self Hosted - Using local workstation as the runner in GitHub. Single Container - Optimized resource usage by reducing the number of containers from two to one. Added Build & Start Scripts - Added two essential scripts: 'build' and 'start'. These scripts are designed to efficiently prepare and initialize the project environment. Environment Variable - Mod the environment variable naming convention by updating GH_TOKEN to replace the restricted GITHUB_TOKEN named variable. Configure Your Runner & Personal Access TokenBefore you commit your yaml file ensure that your that you have your Runner and PAT token are configured. Failure to do so will result in the test not running in the pipeline. GitHub Runner Is Idling Added GH TOKEN in GitHub in ActionView Cypress Record Results In The Cloud. Before finalizing the YAML file for our project, let’s take a moment to revisit your Cypress Cloud Account. Here, you should be able to see the previous test run that we initiated through the Terminal. This step is crucial as it ensures that the command we executed earlier has been correctly captured by Cypress Cloud. Viewing Cypress Run Record ResultsCommit Your Cypress YML File To effectively manage your YAML file execution within the pipeline and seamlessly integrate it with Cypress Cloud, you’ll first need to commit your changes. In my project, I utilize GitLens, a powerful tool for handling Git Pull and Push requests. Committing Cypress YML ChangesBegin by crafting a clear and concise commit message that reflects the changes made. Once your commit message is ready, push your changes directly to your branch. This process will trigger the pipeline, allowing you to observe the YAML file execution in real time. Cypress YML Starting The Pipeline JobMonitoring Cyress Cloud RunAfter setting up and ensuring that everything is functioning smoothly, it’s time to verify whether Cypress Cloud is actively monitoring and recording your tests. You the commit message and as well as a blue spinning icon that shows that the test is in action! Pipeline Being Monitored By Cypress CloudMonitoring GitHub Pipeline RunAs your Cypress test runs, you’ll notice a yellow icon indicating that the process is ongoing. This yellow icon serves as a real-time status update, letting you know that your tests are actively running within the CI/CD pipeline. Once the job is complete, this icon will turn green, signaling that the tests have finished executing. At this point, the log will automatically display the results of the test run. If all the tests have passed successfully, you’ll be greeted with the message, “All specs passed!” GitHub Cypress Run In Action Test Passed From Pipeline JobReviewing Cypress CI/CD ResultsTo review your Cypress test results in greater detail, start by navigating to the test results section. First, exit the run details view. Once you’re out of the run details, select the most recent run from the list displayed. This will direct you to a page where you can view the detailed Cypress TestResult. Here, you will also find a convenient link that allows you to access these test results directly in the cloud. Cypress Test Results In GitHubWhen you click the View in Cypress Cloud link, you’ll be seamlessly redirected to the Cypress Cloud results, offering a comprehensive overview of your test outcomes. It’s a smooth transition that enhances your testing workflow. Based on the configuration in my package.json file, this script executed all the tests within the e2e folder, specifically targeting the home-basic.cy.js and home-advance.cy.js tests. This setup ensures that your end-to-end testing is thorough and that the results are conveniently accessible through Cypress Cloud, optimizing your testing process and improving overall efficiency. Run Test Results In Cypress CloudEnabling Video Recording & Screenshots To enable video capture in your Cypress test runs, you need to configure the appropriate settings in your cypress.config.js file. cypress.config.js (Enabling Video & Screenshots)const { defineConfig } = require("cypress"); module.exports = defineConfig({ projectId: "[your-id-here]", // Add your projectId here e2e: { defaultCommandTimeout: 10000, // 10 seconds pageLoadTimeout: 60000, // 60 seconds for page load baseUrl: 'https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/', video: true, // This ensures video recording is enabled videoCompression: 32, // This compresses the video to save space screenshotOnRunFailure: true, // Automatically takes a screenshot when a test fails screenshotsFolder: 'cypress/screenshots', // Specifies where screenshots are saved in the project setupNodeEvents(on, config) { // Add any node event listeners here }, }, }); video - Begin by setting the video property to true, which activates video recording for all your test executions. videoCompression - To manage the size of the recorded videos, adjust the videoCompression setting to 32. This compression level strikes a balance between video quality and storage. screenshotOnRunFailure - This feature automatically captures a screenshot whenever a test fails, providing a visual snapshot of the problem at the exact moment it occurs. screenshotsFolder - By setting the screenshotsFolder to 'cypress/screenshots', you ensure that all screenshots are organized in a dedicated folder within your project.Cypress Passed Test With Video PlayBack Cypress Passed Test With Video PlaybackCypress Failed Test With Screenshot Cypress Failed Test With ScreenshotConclusionNow that your Cypress project is connected to Cypress Cloud, you’ll immediately experience the powerful features Cypress Cloud offers. These features include parallel testing, seamless CI/CD integration, and automatic screenshots and videos.In the upcoming guide, we’ll dive deeper into Using Advance Assertions In Cypress. Using Advanced Cypress Assertions In this advanced assertion guide, we delve into various Cypress commands and their functionalities, focusing on enhancing your testing strategy and ensuring your web application is robust and reliable. These commands, including .next(), .eq(), .include(), .within(), .and(), .then(), and others, provide nuanced control over test scenarios, making them indispensable for comprehensive testing.Understanding Cypress AssertionsThe .next() command in Cypress is used to select the next sibling DOM element within a parent element. This command is particularly useful when you need to perform assertions on elements that are dynamically generated or are sequentially placed in the DOM. For example, if you want to test the navigation menu items in a sequence, you can use .next() to move from one item to the next..next()cy.get('.menu-item') .first() .next() .should('have.text', 'About Us'); This snippet selects the first menu item and asserts that the next sibling has the text About Us, helping ensure the navigation menu is correctly ordered.The .eq() command is another powerful tool in Cypress, used to select an element at a specific index. This is extremely useful for assertions where elements are identical in structure but differ in content or position. For instance, if you’re testing a list of products, you can use .eq() to assert specific properties of each product. .eq()cy.get('.product-item') .eq(2).should('contain', 'Laptop'); In this assertion, Cypress selects the third product item (index:2) and checks if it contains the text Laptop which helps verify the correct rendering of products.The .include() assertion checks if a given string or element contains a specific substring or child element. This is essential for validating partial matches in text or the presence of specific elements within a container. For example, you might want to ensure that a promotional banner includes the keyword Discount. .include()cy.get('.banner') .should('include.text', 'Discount'); This code ensures that the banner element has the word Discount, confirming the presence of expected promotional content.Enhancing Test Coverage with .within() and .and()The .within() command allows you to scope your assertions to a specific portion of the DOM. This is particularly valuable when you have a complex structure with repeated classes or IDs, as it enables precise targeting of elements within a specified container. For example, if you want to validate form fields within a login form, .within() helps isolate the form and perform checks without interference from other elements..within()cy.get('.login-form').within(() => { cy.get('input[name="username"]').type('testuser'); cy.get('input[name="password"]').type('password123'); });In this example, Cypress limits the scope to the .login-form container, ensuring that only the form fields inside it are interacted with, enhancing test reliability.The .and() command chains multiple assertions together, allowing for concise and readable test scripts. When you want to verify multiple properties of an element, .and() provides a clean way to do so in a single command..and()cy.get('.notification') .should('be.visible') .and('contain', 'Success'); This snippet checks that a notification is visible and contains the word Success effectively combining two assertions in a streamlined manner.Leveraging .then() for Synchronous TestingCypress’s .then() command is crucial for handling asynchronous operations and chaining commands in a synchronous manner. This is especially useful when you need to perform complex operations that depend on the results of previous commands. For instance, if you want to fetch data from an API and then validate the response within the test, .then() allows you to manage this flow seamlessly..then()cy.request('GET', '/api/products').then((response) => { expect(response.status).to.eq(200); expect(response.body).to.have.length.greaterThan(0); }); In this example, Cypress sends a GET request to the /api/products endpoint and then uses .then() to assert that the response status is 200 and that the response body contains more than zero products, ensuring the API’s correctness.Building Reliable Tests with CypressCombining these advanced Cypress commands allows developers to create robust and reliable tests that cover a wide range of scenarios, from simple UI checks to complex user flows. Utilizing .next(), .eq(), .include(), .within(), .and(), and .then() helps ensure your application behaves as expected under various conditions, enhancing test coverage and confidence in the application’s stability.ConclusionMastering these commands enables testers to write thorough, maintainable, and efficient Cypress tests for various applications, from single-page to e-commerce platforms. These assertions offer the flexibility to simulate real-world user interactions, ensuring higher-quality web applications and an improved user experience. In the next guide, we will explore Writing API Tests in Cypress. Writing API Tests in Cypress API testing is a critical component of modern software development, ensuring that your application’s back-end services are robust, reliable, and performant. Cypress, a popular end-to-end testing framework, is not only capable of testing the UI but also excels at API testing. In this guide, we’ll explore how to write API tests in Cypress, dive into some practical examples, and discuss the differences between cy.request and cy.api, two powerful commands for API testing in Cypress.cy.requestCypress provides a seamless way to perform API testing by leveraging its cy.request command. This command is ideal for making HTTP requests to your application’s backend or any third-party services it interacts with. Using cy.request, you can validate the response status, headers, body, and even the timing of API calls, making it an essential tool for API testing in Cypress. For instance, if you’re testing a REST API, you can easily send GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE requests and assert that the server’s responses are as expected.Let’s consider an example where we want to test a simple GET request to retrieve a list of users from an API endpoint. Using cy.request, the test might look something like this:cy.request()describe('API Testing with Cypress', () => { it('should fetch a list of users', () => { cy.request('GET', 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users').then((response) => { expect(response.status).to.eq(200); expect(response.body).to.have.length(10); expect(response.body[0]).to.have.property('name'); }); }); });In this example, cy.request sends a GET request to the specified URL. The .then() method is used to handle the response, allowing us to assert that the status code is 200 and that the response body contains an array of users with the expected length and structure. This simple yet powerful approach highlights how Cypress makes API testing straightforward and accessible.cy.apiWhile cy.request is a fantastic tool for making HTTP requests, Cypress also offers the cy.api command through its official plugin, @cypress/plugin-api. This plugin provides a more feature-rich alternative to cy.request and is particularly useful for more complex API testing scenarios. One of the key differences between cy.request and cy.api is that cy.api automatically records requests and responses in the Cypress command log, making debugging and test reviews more intuitive.Consider a scenario where you need to perform a POST request to create a new user and validate the response. Using cy.api, you can write the following test:cy.api()describe('Advanced API Testing with Cypress', () => { it('should create a new user', () => { cy.api({ method: 'POST', url: 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', body: { name: 'John Doe', email: 'john.doe@example.com', phone: '1-770-736-8031 x56442', }, }).then((response) => { expect(response.status).to.eq(201); expect(response.body).to.have.property('name', 'John Doe'); }); }); });In this example, cy.api is used to send a POST request with a JSON payload to create a new user. The test then checks that the server returns a status code of 201 (indicating successful creation) and that the response body contains the correct data. The enhanced logging capabilities of cy.api provide valuable insights into the request and response, making it easier to diagnose any issues that arise during testing.ConclusionCypress is a versatile framework that not only excels at end-to-end testing but also provides robust tools for API testing. Whether you choose to use cy.request for its simplicity and flexibility or cy.api for its enhanced logging and feature set, Cypress makes it easy to implement and maintain high-quality API tests. By incorporating API testing into your Cypress test suite, you can ensure that both your front-end and back-end components work harmoniously together, leading to a more reliable and resilient application. JUnit Official DocsStay up-to-date with the latest JUnit features, documentation, and best practices by visiting the Official JUnit webpage. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced tester, JUnit’s official site provides valuable resources to enhance your web app testing workflow. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Introduction to JUnit JUnit is one of the most widely used testing frameworks for Java applications, particularly for web applications. As a QA tester specializing in web app testing, we use JUnit to automate unit tests and ensure that individual components of a web application work correctly before integrating them into the larger system. In this guide, we will introduce you to JUnit, its significance in automated web app testing, and its key features.What is JUnit?JUnit is an open-source framework designed for unit testing Java applications. It provides a structured approach to writing and executing test cases, making test automation more efficient. JUnit supports annotations, assertions, and test runners to facilitate effective test execution. Why Use JUnit for Web App Testing? Early Bug Detection: Helps identify issues in web app components before they reach production. Automation and Efficiency: Reduces manual effort by automating unit tests for backend services, controllers, and API endpoints. Integration with Build Tools: Works seamlessly with tools like Maven, Gradle, and Jenkins for continuous integration. Better Code Quality: Encourages test-driven development (TDD) to ensure robust and reliable web applications.Key Features of JUnit Assertions: Validate expected and actual values in test cases. Annotations: Simplify test execution with @BeforeEach, @Test and @AfterEach. Test Suites: Group multiple test classes into a single test suite. Parameterized Tests: Enables running the same test with different inputs.JUnit Code Example for Web App Testing Below is a simple example of a JUnit test for unlocking a Web Application from a Locked Screen state. Example of JUnit Web App Testpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class UnlockScreenTest { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeEach void setup() throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); // wait for 2 seconds (not recommended for testing purpose) Thread.sleep(2000); } @Test void unlockLockedScreenTest() throws InterruptedException { // get password element WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("pwd")); passwordField.click(); passwordField.sendKeys("Test123!"); // get unlock button element WebElement unlockButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-primary")); unlockButton.click(); // verify user is logged in WebElement welcomeUser = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".profile-info.profile-info-no-role")); assertTrue(welcomeUser.getText().contains("Hi, John Doe"), "User is logged in successfully"); } @AfterEach void teardown() { driver.quit(); } }ConclusionJUnit is a powerful tool for unit testing web applications, providing a structured and efficient way to verify software functionality. By integrating JUnit into your development workflow, you can enhance code quality and detect potential bugs early in the software development lifecycle. In the next guide, we will walk you through Setting Up JUnit in Your Development Environment to ensure a smooth testing process. Setting Up JUnit in Your Development Environment Before we begin testing, we need to set up JUnit in our development environment. In this guide, we will show you how to install and configure JUnit for web application testing using popular build tools like Maven and Gradle.PrerequisitesTo follow along, ensure you have the following: Java Development Kit (JDK) installed (preferably Java 8 or higher). An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse. Maven or Gradle for dependency management. A basic understanding of Java.Setting Up JUnit with MavenIf you’re using Maven, add the JUnit dependency to your pom.xml file:JUnit Maven Dependency<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>5.9.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>Setting Up JUnit with GradleFor Gradle, include the following in your build.gradle file:JUnit Gradle Dependencydependencies { testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.0' testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.0' }Verifying the SetupTo verify that JUnit is correctly set up, create a simple test class:JUnit Example Testpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; class SimpleJUnitTest { @Test void junitAssertTrue() { assertTrue(true, "JUnit setup is successful"); } } @Test: Marks the junitAssertTrue method as a test case. assertTrue(true, "JUnit setup is successful"): This assertion checks whether the boolean value true is indeed true. The second argument, "JUnit setup is successful", is an optional message that will be displayed if the assertion fails. Run the test from your IDE or use the following command mvn test.Running Maven from IDE Running JUnit Test from Eclipse IDERunning Maven from CommandRun JUnit Test# choose one mvn test # to run all tests mvn -Dtest=LockedScreenSimpleTest test # to run specific testConclusionSetting up JUnit in your development environment is the first step towards effective unit testing. With JUnit configured, you can start writing test cases to validate your web application’s functionality. In the next guide, we will cover Writing Your First Test with JUnit to help you get started with test automation. Writing Your First Web Test Case with JUnit Now that JUnit is set up, it’s time to write our first test. In this guide, I will walk you through creating a simple test case for verifying web elements on a webpage using JUnit and Selenium. We will use this demo web page as the basis for our test.Setting Up Web Testing with JUnitJUnit alone is not designed for web testing, but it works well with Selenium WebDriver, a powerful tool for automating browser interactions. To test elements on a webpage, we need to add the Selenium dependency to our project.Adding Selenium DependencyIf you are using Maven, add the following dependencies to your pom.xml:Add Maven Selenium Dependency <!-- Selenium Java --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.20.0</version> </dependency> <!-- JUnit 5 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>5.9.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>Writing a JUnit Test to Verify Web Elements We will now write a test case that verifies elements on the Locked Screen page of the demo web application. The test will: Open the test webpage. Verify that the name John Doe is displayed. Close the browser once the test is done. Locked Screen Test PageCreating the LockScreenTest test case.LockedScreenSimpleTest Classpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class LockedScreenSimpleTest { private WebDriver driver; @Test void testNameIsDisplayed() throws InterruptedException { // setup chrome driver System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); // launch URL for testing driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); // wait for 5 seconds (not recommended for testing purpose) Thread.sleep(3000); // find the name element WebElement name = driver.findElement(By.className("user-name")); // verify that name displayed is John Doe assertTrue(name.getText().trim().matches("John Doe"), "User name should be John Doe"); // close the browser when the test is complete driver.quit(); } }Explanation of testNameIsDisplayed Test CodeThis JUnit test verifies that the Locked Screen Page correctly displays the user name John Doe. Setup Chrome WebDriver to automate the browser. Open the Locked Screen page using Selenium driver. Wait for 3 seconds (not recommended, should use explicit waits). Locate the name element using its class name: user-name. Validate if the displayed name matches John Doe. Close the browser after the test.Running the TestTo execute the test, use the following command: Run JUnit Test# choose one mvn test # to run all tests mvn -Dtest=LockedScreenSimpleTest test # to run specific testConclusionBy writing your first test with JUnit, you have taken an essential step in ensuring the reliability of your web application. In the next guide, we will cover Understanding JUnit Assertions and Annotations to help you create more comprehensive test cases. Understanding JUnit Assertions and Annotations JUnit provides a variety of assertions and annotations to facilitate effective test execution. Assertions help validate expected and actual outcomes, while annotations simplify test organization and execution flow. In this guide, Wwe will explore the different assertions and annotations available in JUnit and demonstrate their usage with practical examples.Understanding JUnit AssertionsAssertions are used to verify that expected outcomes match actual results. JUnit provides several assertion methods, including:JUnit Assertions Testimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; class AssertionsTest { @Test void testAssertions() { assertEquals(5, 2 + 3, "Addition result should be 5"); assertTrue(3 > 1, "3 should be greater than 1"); assertFalse(2 > 5, "2 is not greater than 5"); assertNotNull("JUnit", "String should not be null"); } }Common JUnit AnnotationsJUnit annotations control test execution and setup. Some of the key annotations include: @Test: Marks a method as a test case. @BeforeEach: Runs before each test method. @AfterEach: Runs after each test method. @BeforeAll: Runs once before all test methods in the class. @AfterAll: Runs once after all test methods in the class.JUnit Annotations ExplainedJUnit provides several annotations that control test execution and setup. These annotations help in organizing and structuring test cases efficiently. Test BeforeEach AfterEach BeforeAll AfterAll @Test – Marks a Method as a Test CaseThis annotation is used to indicate that a method is a test case.JUnit will automatically execute any method annotated with @Test. Example: @Test Annotation Example@Test void testExample() { assertEquals(10, 5 + 5, "Sum should be 10"); }@BeforeEach – Runs Before Each Test MethodThis annotation is used to execute a method before each @Test method.Typically used for test setup, such as initializing test data or opening a database connection. Example: BeforeEach Annotations Example@BeforeEach void setup() { System.out.println("Setup before each test"); }If there are multiple test methods, @BeforeEach will run before every test method execution.@AfterEach – Runs After Each Test MethodThis annotation ensures that a method runs after each test method.It is commonly used for cleanup, such as closing database connections or releasing resources. Example: AfterEach Annotations Example@AfterEach void cleanup() { System.out.println("Cleanup after each test"); }If there are multiple test methods, @AfterEach will run after every test method execution.@BeforeAll – Runs Once Before All Test MethodsThis annotation is used to execute a method once before any test methods in the class.It is typically used for expensive setup operations like establishing a database connection or starting a web server.The method must be static. Example: BeforeAll Annotations Example@BeforeAll static void setupAll() { System.out.println("Runs once before all tests"); }This method runs only once per test class.@AfterAll – Runs Once After All Test MethodsThis annotation ensures that a method runs only once after all test methods have been executed.It is used for global cleanup operations like shutting down a database or stopping a web server.The method must be static. Example: AfterAll Annoations Example@AfterAll static void cleanupAll() { System.out.println("Runs once after all tests"); }This method runs only once per test class, at the very end.Using JUnit Assertions and Annotations in a Real TestThis test case automates the validation of a locked screen page. It checks whether key elements, such as the user’s name, email, password field, and unlock button, are correctly displayed and functioning as expected.LockedScreenTest class | JUnit Common Annotationspackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class LockedScreenTest { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeEach void setup() throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); Thread.sleep(3000); } @Test void testNameIsDisplayed() { WebElement name = driver.findElement(By.className("user-name")); assertTrue(name.getText().trim().matches("John Doe"), "User name should be John Doe"); } @Test void testEmailIsDisplayed() { WebElement email = driver.findElement(By.className("user-email")); assertEquals("johndoe@okler.com", email.getText().trim(), "User email should match"); } @Test void testPasswordFieldDoesNotContainName() { WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("pwd")); assertNotEquals("John Doe", passwordField.getAttribute("value"), "Password field should not contain the user name"); } @Test void testUnlockButtonIsPresent() { WebElement unlockButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-primary")); assertNotNull(unlockButton, "Unlock button should be present"); } @Test void testUnlockButtonInvalidLabel() { WebElement unlockButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-primary")); assertFalse(unlockButton.getAttribute("value") == "Denied", "Unlock button text should be Unlock"); } @AfterEach void teardown() { driver.quit(); } }Explanation of the Test Code @BeforeEach: Initializes the WebDriver and navigates to the locked screen page before each test runs. @Test testNameIsDisplayed(): Verifies that the user’s name is correctly displayed using contains() to avoid exact match issues. @Test testEmailIsDisplayed(): Ensures the email is displayed correctly and trims whitespace before comparing. @Test testPasswordFieldDoesNotContainName(): Confirms that the password field does not prefill the user’s name. @Test testUnlockButtonIsPresent(): Asserts that the button is not null, confirming it exists. testUnlockButtonInvalidLabel(): Asserts that its label is not "Denied", ensuring the correct button text. @AfterEach: Closes the browser after each test to free resources.ConclusionUnderstanding assertions and annotations enables you to write well-structured and maintainable test cases. Assertions ensure correctness, while annotations help manage the test lifecycle. In the next guide, we will explore Testing Exceptions in JUnit and how to verify exception handling in web applications. Testing Exceptions in JUnit Handling exceptions correctly is crucial in web application testing. JUnit allows us to verify whether methods throw expected exceptions, ensuring our application responds well to edge cases and incorrect inputs. In this guide, we will use a real web test case and modify it to trigger and validate exceptions in JUnit.Testing Exceptions with assertThrowsJUnit provides the assertThrows method to verify that a method throws a specific exception when executed. Let’s apply this to our Locked Screen Page test to check for scenarios where an element is not found.JUnit assertThrows Exception Testpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class LockedScreenExceptionTest { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeEach void setup() { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); } @Test void testElementNotFoundException() { // Attempt to find a non-existent element and expect an exception assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, () -> { driver.findElement(By.id("username")); }, "Expected NoSuchElementException when element is not found"); } @Test void testIncorrectUrlAccess() { // Intentionally navigating to a wrong URL and checking an exception driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/login.html"); assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, () -> { driver.findElement(By.className("user-name")); }, "Expected NoSuchElementException when trying to find an element on a non-existent page"); } @AfterEach void teardown() { driver.quit(); } }Explanation of the Exception Tests testElementNotFoundException() Tries to find an element with a non-existent ID.Uses assertThrows to check if NoSuchElementException is thrown.Ensures proper exception handling when an element is missing. testIncorrectUrlAccess() Navigates to an invalid webpage.Attempts to find an element, which should not exist.Uses assertThrows to verify that NoSuchElementException is thrown.Why Exception Testing Matters Ensures the application fails gracefully when unexpected situations occur. Helps prevent hard crashes by catching and handling errors properly. Strengthens test coverage by accounting for edge cases and failures.ConclusionTesting exceptions in JUnit ensures that your application correctly handles error scenarios. By using assertThrows, you can write clear and maintainable exception tests. In the next guide, we will explain Using JUnit Test Suites to Organize Tests to help manage multiple test cases efficiently. Using JUnit Test Suites to Organize Tests As test cases increase, organizing them into test suites becomes necessary. JUnit allows us to group multiple test classes into a test suite, making it easier to manage and execute tests systematically. In this guide, we will demonstrate how to create and execute JUnit test suites for web applications.Updating pom.xml to Support JUnit Test SuitesBefore creating the test suite, update your pom.xml file to include the necessary dependencies and configurations:Uppated pom.xml for JUnit Test Suites<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>junit-web-testing</groupId> <artifactId>junit-web-testing</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target> <cucumber.version>7.11.0</cucumber.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Selenium Java --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.20.0</version> </dependency> <!-- JUnit 5 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId> <version>5.10.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId> <artifactId>junit-platform-suite</artifactId> <version>1.10.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId> <artifactId>junit-platform-reporting</artifactId> <version>1.10.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId> <artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId> <version>1.10.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Lombok --> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.28</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.9.0</version> <configuration> <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source> <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M5</version> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/*Test.java</include> </includes> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> Creating a JUnit Test SuiteJUnit allows us to use the @Suite annotation to group multiple test classes. Below is how we define a test suite that includes LockedScreenTest and SignUpScreenTest.JUnit Organizing Classespackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.platform.suite.api.SelectClasses; import org.junit.platform.suite.api.Suite; @Suite @SelectClasses({ LockedScreenTest.class, SignUpScreenTest.class }) public class TestSuite { }Explanation of the Test Suite @Suite → Marks this class as a test suite. @SelectClasses → Specifies which test classes to include in the suite. LockedScreenTest.class → Adds the Locked Screen Test to the suite. SignUpScreenTest.class → Adds the Sign Up Screen Test to the suite.Running the Test SuiteTo run the test suite, use the following Maven command:Running Test Suitesmvn -Dtest=TestSuite testThis will execute both LockedScreenTest and SignUpScreenTest in one run.ConclusionJUnit test suites help organize and manage multiple test cases efficiently. They enable better test execution control and structured test organization, ensuring improved maintainability and scalability of web application tests. With test suites, you can group related tests and run them together as a batch, improving test efficiency. Patrol Official DocsDiscover the full potential of mobile testing with Patrol. Visit the official Patrol Test webpage for detailed guides, setup instructions, and expert insights. Start your journey with Patrol by viewing the Official Patrol Test Docs. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Introduction to Patrol Testing Mobile testing is an essential part of ensuring quality in today’s fast-paced app development environment. Patrol is a comprehensive mobile testing framework designed to streamline testing for mobile applications. In this guide, we will introduce the Patrol framework, its importance in mobile testing, and how it can be utilized effectively for Android and iOS platforms. What is Patrol TestWhat is Patrol?Patrol is a mobile automation testing framework designed to simplify the process of writing UI and integration tests for mobile apps. It supports both Android and iOS applications, providing a flexible API to control apps programmatically, inspect UI elements, and validate user interactions.Key Features of Patrol Cross-platform support for Android and iOS. Interactions with WebViews A rich set of APIs for managing UI components, gestures, and interactions. Compatibility with real devices and emulators. Simplified debugging and failure analysis with detailed logsWhy Use Patrol for Mobile Testing?Patrol ensures that mobile apps function as expected across multiple devices and environments. Its robust API allows testers and developers to create tests that mimic real-world usage scenarios, reducing the chances of bugs and improving the overall user experience. Patrol Test RunningConclusionPatrol is a powerful framework for mobile testing, providing extensive features to test and validate the functionality of mobile apps. Now that you’ve completed setting up Patrol Test, you’re ready to explore its potential in greater depth. In the next lesson, Writing Your First Patrol Test Case, we’ll dive into how to write your first Patrol test case and run it across multiple platforms. Stay tuned and take your testing skills to the next level! Setting Up Patrol Test This guide will walk you through the necessary steps to set up Patrol, covering both Android and iOS configurations. By the end, your project will be ready to run integration tests with Patrol, so you can ensure your app’s quality on different platforms.Adding Patrol DependencyTo get started, you’ll need to add the Patrol dependency to your Flutter project. Open your pubspec.yaml file and add the Patrol package under dev_dependencies.pubspec.yamldev_dependencies: patrol: ^3.11.0Once you’ve done this, Patrol will be available for you to run tests in your app.Install Patrol CLIWith the dependency configured, you need to install Patrol’s CLI to run the tests. Simply open your terminal and run:pubspec.yamldart pub global activate patrol_cliThis command will install the Patrol command-line tools required for your testing. Installing Patrol CLI via TerminalVerifying with Patrol DoctorAfter installing the CLI, run the Patrol Doctor to verify that your project is ready for testing. This handy tool will inspect your project and alert you to any potential issues. Use the following command: pubspec.yamlpatrol doctorRunning this ensures that everything is correctly set up and that you can proceed without any errors. Running Patrol DoctorAndroid SetupSetting up Patrol for Android involves a few more steps. First, go to the directory android/app/src/androidTest/java/com/example/myapp/ in your project. If these folders don’t exist, you can create them, but remember to replace /com/example/myapp/ with your app’s package path. Patrol Android Directory SetupNext, modify your build.gradle file, located in the android/app directory. Add the following lines to the defaultConfig section: android/app/build.gradletestInstrumentationRunner "pl.leancode.patrol.PatrolJUnitRunner" testInstrumentationRunnerArguments clearPackageData: "true" Patrol DefaultConfig SetupIn the android section, include the following configuration: android/app/build.gradletestOptions { execution "ANDROIDX_TEST_ORCHESTRATOR" } Patrol Add TestOptions SnippetFinally, add this line to your dependencies: android/app/build.gradleandroidTestUtil "androidx.test:orchestrator:1.4.2"This setup prepares Patrol to run integration tests on Android, using the orchestrator to manage tests efficiently. Patrol androidTestUtil dependencies snippetiOS SetupTo configure Patrol on iOS, open ios/Runner.xcworkspace in Xcode. Patrol ios Directory To Go To XCodeOnce the project is open, you’ll notice that two files, RunnerUITests.m and RunnerUITestsLaunchTests.m are created.Delete the RunnerUITestsLaunchTests.m file, as it’s not needed. Patrol XCode RunnerUITest.mMake sure the iOS Deployment Target for RunnerUITests is the same as for Runner. A minimum version of iOS 11.0 is required, though you may need to set this to iOS 13.0 depending on your app dependencies. If a test target doesn’t already exist, create one by selecting File > New > Target… and choose UI Testing Bundle. Name the product RunnerUITests, and ensure the Organization Identifier is the same as the main app. The target to be tested should be set to Runner.Replace the contents of RunnerUITests.m with the following code:RunnerUITests.m@import XCTest; @import patrol; @import ObjectiveC.runtime; PATROL_INTEGRATION_TEST_IOS_RUNNER(RunnerUITests) Now, create an empty file called integration_test/example_test.dart in the root of your project. To finalize the setup, run the following commands: Patrol Example Integration Testbashflutter build ios --config-only integration_test/example_test.dart Patrol Build IOS ConfigThen go to your ios directory and run: bashpod install --repo-update Finally, go to RunnerUITests Build Phases and add two new Run Script Phase build phases.Name them xcode_backend build and xcode_backend embed_and_thin, respectively.For xcode_backend build, paste the following script:Run Script Phase: xcode_backend build/bin/sh "$FLUTTER_ROOT/packages/flutter_tools/bin/xcode_backend.sh" build Patrol Xcode Backend BuildAnd for xcode_backend embed_and_thin:Runner Build Phase: xcode_backend embed_and_thin/bin/sh "$FLUTTER_ROOT/packages/flutter_tools/bin/xcode_backend.sh" embed_and_thin These steps will ensure that your iOS app is ready for Patrol testing.ConclusionWith Patrol fully set up for both Android and iOS, you’re now ready to run comprehensive mobile tests on your Flutter app. This guide walked you through the process of adding dependencies, configuring your project for Patrol, and setting up your testing environment for both platforms.In the next guide, Writing Your First Patrol Test Case, you’ll learn how to write your first Patrol test. Writing Your First Patrol Test Case Patrol is an excellent tool for automating Flutter app tests, ensuring that essential app functionalities work as expected across various devices. In this guide, we will walk through writing your first Patrol test, specifically focusing on a common user journey: signing into an app.Setting Up Your Patrol TestBefore diving into the test, ensure that you have Patrol properly installed in your project. With everything in place, let’s begin by writing a test that checks the functionality of a basic sign-in screen. Welcome Screen Sign In ScreenThe sign-in screen typically includes email and password input fields, followed by a sign-in button. Our goal in this Patrol test is to automate the process of entering the email and password, tapping the sign-in button, and verifying the navigation to the dashboard screen.The test begins with a basic import of necessary packages, such as flutter_test for testing utilities and patrol for test automation:Dartimport 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart'; import 'package:patrol/patrol.dart'; import 'package:richpay_app/main.dart' as app;By importing these packages, you set up a testing environment that allows you to interact with the app’s widgets during test execution.Structuring the Patrol TestNext, we define our Patrol test. In this example, we are testing the sign-in process by creating a test that verifies the email input, password input, and sign-in button functionality:Dartvoid main() { patrolTest( 'Sign In Screen - Verifies email input, password input, and sign-in button', ($) async { // Start the app app.main(); await $.pumpAndTrySettle();The patrolTest function defines a specific test case, and inside the function, we start the app using app.main(). This ensures that your app runs in the testing environment, ready to simulate user interactions.Interacting with WidgetsAfter starting the app, we simulate a tap on the sign-in button that appears on the welcome screen. We use the find.byKey method to locate the button using its unique Key:Dartfinal welcomeSignInButton = $(find.byKey(const Key('sign_in_btn'))); await $(welcomeSignInButton).tap(); await $.pumpAndSettle();The $(find.byKey()) function finds the button, and tap() simulates the user pressing it. The pumpAndSettle() method ensures that the app has finished rendering and settles before the next step. Widget Inspector Sign In ButtonEntering Text into Input FieldsNow, let’s verify and interact with the email and password input fields. We first locate the input fields using their respective keys and then simulate entering text:Dartfinal emailTextBox = $(find.byKey(const Key('email_username'))); await $(emailTextBox).enterText('test@gmail.com'); final passwordTextBox = $(find.byKey(const Key('password'))); await $(passwordTextBox).enterText('test123');The enterText() function is essential in automating user input for testing login forms, ensuring that valid text is entered into the relevant fields during the test. Widget Inspector Email & PasswordFinalizing the Test by Tapping the Sign-In ButtonAfter entering the login credentials, we locate and tap the sign-in button to submit the form:Dartfinal signInSignInButton = $(find.byKey(const Key('sign_in_btn'))); await $(signInSignInButton).tap(); // Wait for the navigation to complete after sign-in await $.pumpAndSettle(); Just like before, we use find.byKey to locate the sign-in button and simulate the tap. The app is given time to navigate by calling pumpAndSettle() to ensure all animations and transitions are complete before continuing. Widget Inspector Sign In ButtonVerifying the DashboardFinally, after the sign-in process completes, we want to verify that the user has successfully navigated to the dashboard. We can do this by checking if a specific widget or text related to the dashboard is visible: Widget Inspector Verify Dashboard TextDartexpect(find.text('Dashboard'),findsOneWidget); In this case, we check if the text Dashboard is displayed, confirming that the sign-in was successful and the user has reached the dashboard screen.ConclusionIn the next guide, we’ll dive deeper into Organizing Test Suites in Patrol, helping you structure your tests efficiently for larger applications. Stay tuned for more best practices and techniques to optimize your mobile testing process with Patrol! Organizing Test Suites in Patrol Organizing your test suites efficiently is crucial for maintaining a clean, scalable, and maintainable test architecture, especially when using Patrol, a robust mobile testing framework. One effective strategy is to group tests by screen name, allowing you to organize tests into directories that correspond to the screens in your app. This practice not only improves clarity but also makes it easier for your QA team to locate and maintain specific test cases as your project evolves. Get Access to the Test App & FrameworkPro Members unlock hands-on access to our expertly crafted frameworks. PRO MEMBER Organizing Tests by Screen NameWhen testing a mobile application, screens often represent a core aspect of the user flow. Each screen might have different behaviors, elements, and functionalities that require unique test cases. By organizing tests by screen name, you ensure that: Tests are easily navigable: Team members can quickly find tests related to specific app screens. Reusability and maintenance are enhanced: Updates to screens or features can be isolated to relevant directories without impacting the entire test suite. Collaboration is smoother: Teams can focus on specific screens without having to comb through large, unrelated test files.Create Screen-Specific DirectoriesIn Patrol, you can organize your tests into directories that correspond to specific screens in your app. The following structure is an example:screen directoriesintegration_test/ └── e2e/ ├── dashboard/ │ └── dashboard_test.dart ├── menu/ │ └── menu_test.dart ├── notifications/ │ └── notifications_test.dart ├── profile/ │ └── profile_test.dart ├── sign_in/ │ └── sign_in_test.dart └── sign_up/ └── sign_up_test.dart Organizing Tests by Screen NameEach directory contains the relevant test files for that particular screen. This keeps the tests clean and organized. Here’s how each folder corresponds to the app: dashboard/: Tests focused on ensuring the functionality of the user dashboard. menu/: Tests for menu navigation, clicking and validating the menu items. notifications/: Tests to verify the functionality of the notification screen. profile/: Tests centered on user profile management, and updating personal details. sign_in/: Tests for the sign-in screen, focusing on logging in and error handling. sign_up/: Tests for the sign-up screen, ensuring registration is working as expected.Writing Tests for Each ScreenLet’s dive deeper into crafting a sample test for the dashboard screen. This test suite will encompass various tests to ensure that essential elements are displayed correctly, including the Dashboard title, key transfer functions such as Deposit, Withdraw, Send, and Request, as well as the transaction history components.dashboard_test.dartimport 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart'; import 'package:patrol/patrol.dart'; import 'package:richpay_app/main.dart' as app; void main() { patrolTest( 'Dashboard Screen - Verify the elements on the dashbaord', ($) async { // Start the app app.main(); await $.pumpAndTrySettle(); final welcomeSignInButton = $(find.byKey(const Key('sign_in_btn'))); await $(welcomeSignInButton).tap(); await $.pumpAndSettle(); // // Verify the presence of email/username input field and enter text final emailTextBox = $(find.byKey(const Key('email_username'))); await $(emailTextBox).enterText('test@gmail.com'); final passwordTextBox = $(find.byKey(const Key('password'))); await $(passwordTextBox).enterText('test123'); final signInSignInButton = $(find.byKey(const Key('sign_in_btn'))); await $(signInSignInButton).tap(); // Wait for the navigation to complete after sign-in await $.pumpAndSettle(); // Add further assertions if needed expect(find.text('Dashboard'), findsOneWidget); expect(find.text('Deposit'), findsAtLeast(1)); expect(find.text('Withdraw'), findsOneWidget); expect(find.text('Send'), findsOneWidget); expect(find.text('Request'), findsOneWidget); expect(find.text('Transactions History'), findsOneWidget); }, ); } Naming Conventions and Test FlowUsing consistent naming conventions is essential. Screen directories and test files should be named based on the screens they test. This eliminates confusion, especially as your test suite grows. For example: Patrol Test Based On Screen dashboard_test.dart: Tests related to the dashboard screen. profile_test.dart: Tests related to the profile screen.When writing these tests, ensure that: 1 Self Contained 2 Descriptive Test Names Each test is self-contained: A test should not rely on another test. This enhances the modularity of your test suite.Each test function should clearly describe the functionality being tested, such as verify_profile_update or test_sign_up_with_invalid_credentials. Running Tests by DirectoryPatrol allows you to run tests for a specific directory if you want to focus on tests for a particular screen. Here’s how to run tests for the sign_in screen using the CLI:Run all test in ‘sign_in’ directorypatrol test -t integration_test/e2e/sign_in/ Running Patrol Test Sign In Screen Directory Tip: Running On IOS?If you’re running your Patrol test on an iOS device, make sure to pass the -d flag followed by the device’s UDID. This ensures that the correct device is targeted and avoids any running issues that could occur if it’s omitted. For example:Using the Device Flag For iOSpatrol test -d D76D6C18-03AE-46E0-A732-C46608EBF212 -t integration_test/e2e/sign_inIn this command, D76D6C18-03AE-46E0-A732-C46608EBF212 is the UDID of your iOS device, and the -t flag is used to specify the test file, such as integration_test/e2e/sign_in.This command will execute all tests within the sign_in directory, making it easy to target specific areas of the app without running the entire test suite.ConclusionOrganizing test suites by screen name in Patrol helps maintain clean, efficient, and scalable test cases. By creating screen-specific directories, you enhance collaboration and streamline the testing process. This structure becomes especially helpful as your app grows and new features are added. Following this organization strategy ensures that your tests are well-structured, easy to manage, and scalable for future updates.In the next lesson, we’ll dive deeper into Organizing Test Suites by Screen Name in Patrol, where you’ll learn how to effectively categorize your tests and maintain a robust testing workflow. Advanced and Native Interactions in Patrol In the realm of mobile testing, achieving seamless user interactions is paramount to ensuring a smooth user experience. Patrol Testing provides an effective framework for automating and validating these interactions, including both advanced and native functionalities. This guide explores the intricacies of advanced and native interactions in Patrol, offering insights into best practices, techniques, and methodologies to elevate your testing strategies.Advanced InteractionsAdvanced interactions in Patrol Testing encompass a variety of user actions that simulate complex user behaviors. These interactions are crucial for ensuring that applications function as intended in real-world scenarios. Here are some key types of advanced interactions:GesturesGestures such as swipes, pinches, and rotations play a crucial role in navigating and interacting with mobile applications. These gestures simulate the natural user interactions within an app, and automating them ensures your tests closely mimic real-world usage scenarios. Patrol makes it easy to automate gestures with its intuitive syntax, allowing testers to seamlessly simulate complex interactions such as swipes.Swipe Left// Verify the first card is visible initially expect(find.byType(CardWidget), findsWidgets); // Swipe left to scroll right through the cards await $.tester.drag(find.byType(CarouselSlider), const Offset(-300, 0)); await $.pumpAndSettle();A left swipe action mimics the user’s gesture of dragging the screen to the left, often used to reveal the next set of items in a carousel or slider. Swiping Left in Patrol Card Verification: The test first checks if the CardWidget is visible. Swipe Action: The swipe is performed by dragging the CarouselSlider with an offset of -300 on the X-axis, which simulates a leftward swipe. Settling: After the swipe, we call await $.pumpAndSettle(); to allow the animations or transitions to complete.Swipe Right// Verify the first card is visible initially expect(find.byType(CardWidget), findsWidgets); // Swipe right to scroll right through the cards await $.tester.drag(find.byType(CarouselSlider), const Offset(300, 0)); await $.pumpAndSettle();Similarly, a right swipe mimics the user’s gesture of dragging the screen to the right, often to scroll back to the previous items in the carousel. Swiping Right in Patrol Card Verification: The test first checks if the CardWidget is visible. Swipe Action: The swipe is performed by dragging the CarouselSlider with an offset of 300 on the X-axis, which simulates a rightward swipe. Settling: After the swipe, we call await $.pumpAndSettle(); to allow the animations or transitions to complete.Double TapCertain functionalities depend on double tap actions. Patrol currently doesn’t have built-in method for doubleTapping on an element. In this scenario we will use the tap feature twice. Tip: Double Tap in Patrol TestingPatrol doesn’t have a built-in doubleTap method for interacting with Flutter widgets in the app. However, Patrol provides a $.native.doubleTap feature, which is specifically used for WebViews and elements that are native to the device itself, rather than elements within the Flutter app. To simulate a double-tap in a Flutter app, you can manually call tap twice with a small delay in between.Double Tapawait $.tap(find.text('Double Tap for App Info')); await $.tap(find.text('Double Tap for App Info')); expect(find.text('Rich Pay v2.0.0 | Patrol Version 3.2.0'), findsOneWidget);This command allow you to validate double taps and the expectation ensuring comprehensive coverage of user actions. Mimicking DoubleTap FeatureNative InteractionsNative interactions refer to the ability to interact with platform-specific features and components, significantly enhancing the overall user experience by testing your application in real-world scenarios. Patrol provides robust support for accessing and interacting with native functionalities on both Android and iOS devices. This feature allows testers to simulate device-level interactions, ensuring that applications behave correctly under various system conditions.Accessing Device FeaturesPatrol allows you to interact with several native device features, such as WiFi, GPS, dark mode, and system dialogs. These interactions are invaluable for testing how your app reacts to changes in device settings or permissions. For instance, when testing a weather app that relies on location services, you can simulate turning GPS on and off, or granting and denying location permissions.Below is a sample code that demonstrates how you can access and manipulate some of these native features:Native FeaturespatrolTest('demo', (PatrolIntegrationTester $) async { await $.pumpWidgetAndSettle(AwesomeApp()); // prepare network conditions await $.native.enableCellular(); await $.native.disableWifi(); // toggle system theme await $.native.enableDarkMode(); // handle native location permission request dialog await $.native.selectFineLocation(); await $.native.grantPermissionWhenInUse(); // tap on the first notification await $.native.openNotifications(); await $.native.tapOnNotificationByIndex(0); });Interacting with Native Alerts and DialogsMany applications utilize native alerts and dialogs for user notifications or confirmations. Patrol can handle these interactions effectively:System Dialog > Grant Permissionif (await $.native.isPermissionDialogVisible()) { await $.native.grantPermissionWhenInUse(); } Patrol Grant Access To System PromptThis sequence ensures that your tests can manage alerts, providing a seamless user experience.ScrollingTesting native scrolling is crucial for applications with long lists or multiple screens. Patrol facilitates these actions with simple commands:scrollToawait $(find.byKey(Key('request-tab'))).tap(); await $.pumpAndSettle(); await $(find.text('CONTINUE')).scrollTo(); await $(find.text('CONTINUE')).tap(); Patrol ScrollTo FeatureInteracting with WebViewsWebViews are a common element in mobile applications, allowing developers to display web content within a native app. Testing WebViews can be challenging due to the mixed nature of web elements inside a native container, but Patrol provides efficient ways to interact with them. This guide will walk you through testing WebView elements using Patrol, ensuring your app’s web interactions work seamlessly.WebViews// Tap on the button that opens the WebView page await $(find.text('Open Web Page')).tap(); // Allow the WebView to load by waiting and trying to settle for 15 seconds await $.pumpAndTrySettle(timeout: Duration(seconds: 15)); // Enter name into the first text input field (index 0) await $.native.enterTextByIndex( 'John Smith', index: 0, // Adjust index based on your specific form structure keyboardBehavior: KeyboardBehavior.alternative, ); // Enter email into the second text input field (index 1) await $.native.enterTextByIndex( 'student@masteringqa.com', index: 1, // Adjust index based on your specific form structure keyboardBehavior: KeyboardBehavior.alternative, ); // Enter password into the third text input field (index 2) await $.native.enterTextByIndex( 'test1234', index: 2, // Adjust index based on your specific form structure keyboardBehavior: KeyboardBehavior.alternative, ); Patrol Interacting With WebViewsPatrol uses the enterTextByIndex function to simulate typing text into specific input fields in the WebView. The index parameter specifies the position of the field within the WebView. The KeyboardBehavior.alternative parameter allows you to manage how the keyboard behaves during interactions, this is very crucial when working with IOS devices.Best Practices for Advanced and Native Interactions Use Assertions Wisely: Always validate expected outcomes after performing interactions. For instance, after a swipe action, assert that the correct screen is displayed or that the expected element is visible. Maintain Readable Code: Write clear and maintainable test scripts. Using descriptive names for actions and elements helps other team members understand your tests. Leverage Wait Commands: Utilize wait commands effectively to ensure that your tests are resilient to timing issues. Implementing proper waits between actions minimizes false negatives. Combine Interactions: Test complex user scenarios by combining multiple interactions. For example, you might simulate a user logging in, then navigating to a profile page and updating details.ConclusionMastering advanced and native interactions in Patrol Testing is essential for delivering high-quality mobile applications. By utilizing Patrol’s capabilities to simulate user behaviors and engage with native features, you can ensure a seamless user experience. Adopting the best practices in this guide will help you create effective and maintainable tests for comprehensive application validation. In the next guide, we will explore Debugging and Logging in Patrol, equipping you with the tools to troubleshoot and enhance your testing processes. Debugging and Logging in Patrol When working with Patrol for mobile app testing, it’s essential to have a robust logging mechanism to track what’s happening during test execution. Logs provide critical insights into the test flow, errors, and overall app behavior during testing. One of the most useful tools Patrol offers for debugging is the --verbose flag, which prints detailed logs directly to the console.In this guide, we will explore how to use the --verbose flag to enable logging, helping you better understand the test execution process and troubleshoot issues efficiently. Patrol Enable Verbose ModeWhat is the --verbose flag?The --verbose flag in Patrol enables a more detailed logging mode during test execution. It prints logs about each step that Patrol takes while running the test, including information about the app’s state, actions performed, and internal operations. This feature is crucial for debugging when you want to see exactly what happens at every stage of the test and track down issues like element not found errors or unexpected behavior.Bash patrol test -t integration_test/e2e/sign_in --verbose To enable verbose logging in Patrol, add the --verbose flag to the command when you run your test. This can be done either in the terminal or through your Continuous Integration (CI) setup.When you run the test with this flag, Patrol provides detailed logs for each step, such as: 1 App Launch 2 UI Interactions 3 Waiting and Timing 4 Assertions Patrol will log when the app starts and settles, allowing you to confirm that the app is initializing correctly.Logs will display every UI interaction, such as tapping buttons or entering text into fields. This helps ensure that Patrol is interacting with the correct elements in your app.The --verbose flag will show you when Patrol waits for certain conditions to settle, such as waiting for the screen to load or waiting for animations to finish. This helps troubleshoot delays in app navigation or unresponsive elements.Logs will indicate whether assertions (like checking for the presence of text or UI components) pass or fail, giving you a clear understanding of where tests succeed or break. Patrol Verbose Building AppPatrol Verbose Test DetailsPatrol Verbose Test Steps DetailsPatrol Verbose Passed Results Importance of Debugging and Logging in Patrol Enhanced Error Tracking: Logging provides insights into your application's state at various points, allowing you to track down issues more effectively. Improved Test Reliability: By debugging your tests, you ensure they are reliable and consistently produce accurate results. Faster Issue Resolution: A well-structured logging system helps in identifying the root causes of failures, facilitating quicker resolutions.ConclusionDebugging and logging in Patrol Testing are crucial components of a successful QA strategy. The --verbose flag is a powerful tool for debugging Patrol tests, providing you with detailed logs to track every interaction and action your test performs. Whether you’re diagnosing test failures, monitoring UI elements, or optimizing test run times, verbose logging ensures you have complete visibility into the test execution process. In the next guide we’ll be take a look at Reviewing Test Results in Patrol Reviewing Test Results in Patrol When it comes to quality assurance, reviewing test results is crucial for identifying issues and ensuring the software performs as intended. In Patrol Testing, the process of debugging and logging plays a vital role in making this review effective. By understanding how to navigate and analyze your test results, you can significantly improve the quality of your applications and enhance your testing workflow.Understanding Test Results in Patrol TestingBefore diving into the review process, it’s essential to understand what test results entail in Patrol Testing. Each test run generates results that provide insight into the application’s performance, including pass/fail status, error messages, and execution times. These results are the foundation for your debugging and logging strategies. Locating Patrol Test ResultsThe location of your test results depends on whether you’re testing on an iOS or Android device, and whether your project includes flavors for different environments. Here’s where you can find them: IOS Results Android Results After running tests on an iOS device, the results are stored in the .xcresult format. You can find them here below:build/ios_results_**********.xcresult For Android, the test results are stored in a specific directory under your project’s build folder. The default location is:build/app/reports/androidTests/connected/debug/However, if you're using flavors (such as different environments or configurations for development, staging, or production), the results will be found under the corresponding flavor's folder. For example, for a development flavor, the path will be: build/app/reports/androidTests/connected/debug/flavors/developmentThese files contains detailed information about your test execution, including screenshots, performance data, and any errors encountered during the tests.Analyzing Pass/Fail MetricsOnce you have the test results, start by analyzing the pass/fail metrics. IOS Test Passed & Failed ResultsInvestigating Error LogsThe next step in your debugging process is to investigate the error logs generated during the tests. Reviewing Failed TestComparing Results Against ExpectationsAfter collecting and analyzing your logs, compare the actual test results against expected outcomes. This comparison helps identify discrepancies and informs your debugging process. Reviewing Failed Test RecordingConclusionReviewing test results in Patrol Testing is an essential skill for any quality assurance professional. By focusing on debugging and logging, you can streamline your testing process and ensure your applications meet the highest standards. Remember to collect, analyze, and document your test results effectively to enhance your testing practices. Playwright Official DocsDiscover the full potential of web app testing with Playwright. Visit the official Playwright documentation for comprehensive guides, detailed setup instructions, and expert insights. Start your automation journey today by exploring the Official Playwright Docs. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Intro PlaywrightLet me introduce you to Playwright, one of the most powerful and modern automation tools in the testing world today. Developed by Microsoft, Playwright allows us to write fast, reliable, and cross-browser tests for web applications. This Intro Playwright guide is perfect for QA testers and developers looking to level up their end-to-end testing with minimal configuration and maximum results.What is Playwright?Playwright is a Node.js library that provides a high-level API to automate Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit browsers. It enables testing across multiple browsers and platforms with a single API. This cross-browser testing capability is essential for ensuring a consistent user experience.Why I Use Playwright for TestingAs a QA professional, I was immediately drawn to Playwright’s simplicity and power. It supports: Headless and Headed Modes:Run tests invisibly for speed or visibly for debugging—switch easily based on your needs. Multiple Browser Contexts: Simulate multiple sessions or users within a single test run using isolated contexts—perfect for chat apps, multi-user workflows, or e-commerce flows. Native Mobile Emulation: Test across mobile devices with built-in emulation for screen size, touch, geolocation, and more—no real device needed. Network Interception and Mocking: Intercept, block, or mock network requests and responses to simulate offline modes, API failures, or dynamic data. Auto-Waiting Mechanism: Interact with elements only when they’re ready—no need for manual waits, reducing test flakiness. Powerful Locators: Use flexible selectors like text, role, CSS, or XPath to find elements quickly and reliably—even on complex UIs. Built-in Debugging Tools: Capture screenshots, videos, and trace logs to debug test failures with clarity and speed.Playwright helps me write tests that are not only fast but resilient against flakiness—a major plus.Playwright vs. Other FrameworksPlaywright stands out when compared to tools like Selenium or Cypress. While Cypress is limited to Chromium-based browsers and lacks multi-tab support, Playwright excels with true multi-browser capabilities and full control over browser behavior.Who Should Use Playwright?If you’re a QA tester who wants to create maintainable, scalable, and modern test suites, Playwright is for you. Developers can also benefit by integrating Playwright into CI/CD pipelines for continuous testing.Benefits at a Glance Fast Execution with Headless Browsers Run tests without launching a full browser GUI, dramatically reducing resource usage and accelerating test cycles in your CI and local environments. Seamless Parallel Testing Execute multiple tests concurrently, which enables you to uncover issues faster and ensures comprehensive coverage across different scenarios in less time. Easy Debugging with Video/Screenshot Capture Automatically capture screenshots, videos, and trace logs during test runs, so you can quickly diagnose and resolve any issues that arise. Cross-Language Bindings Write tests in the language you’re most comfortable with—whether it’s Node.js, Python, Java, or .NET—allowing seamless integration with your existing tech stack.ConclusionIn this Intro Playwright guide, I’ve shared a high-level overview of what Playwright is and why it’s becoming the go-to tool for automated testing. If you’re ready to dive deeper and start using Playwright in your workflow, check out the next guide: Setting Up Playwright in Your Development Environment. Setting Up Playwright in Your Development Environment Getting started with Setting Up Playwright in Your Development Environment is surprisingly simple, which is one of the reasons I recommend it to every QA team I consult with.PrerequisitesBefore you install Playwright, make sure you have the following tools: Node.js (v14 or later) A code editor (I prefer VS Code) Git (for version control)Open your Terminal and initialize a new project folder:Bashmkdir playwright-mqa-web-demo cd playwright-mqa-web-demo npm init -y Installing PlaywrightTo install Playwright, run:Bashnpm install -D @playwright/test npx playwright install This will: Install the Playwright test runner Download the browser binaries for Chromium, Firefox, and WebKitYou can verify your setup by running:Bashnpx playwright install-depsCreating the First Test FileYou can create your test folder and file either using VS Code or the Terminal: Option 1: Using VS Code: If you're in Finder, Right-click on your project directory, select New Folder, and name it tests. Then right-click on the tests folder, choose New File, and name it unlock-account.spec.js.If you're using VS Code you can click on the New Folder and New File icons to speed up the process. Option 2: Using Terminal: Run the following command in your project root:Bashmkdir tests && touch tests/unlock-account.spec.jsAdd this simple test:Locked Screen Testconst { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test'); test('unlock the lock screen', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html'); // Fill in the password field (the correct password is 'password') await page.fill('input[type="password"]', 'password'); // Click the unlock button await page.click('button:has-text("Unlock")'); // Assert that the locked screen is no longer visible await expect(page.locator('text=Locked')).not.toBeVisible(); });Running Your First Playwright TestUse the command:Bashnpx playwright test You’ll see a terminal output showing the test execution result.Setting Up the Playwright Config FileCreate a playwright.config.js file for better test organization:JavaScriptimport { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test'; export default defineConfig({ use: { headless: true, viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 }, }, }); This lets you define defaults like browser, viewport size, and more.ConclusionWith this guide on Setting Up Playwright in Your Development Environment, you’re now ready to start writing powerful automated tests. In the next guide, Writing Your First Playwright Test, I’ll walk you through creating structured tests and exploring key test-writing patterns. Writing Your First Playwright Test Let’s jump into Writing Your First Playwright Test—this is where the real fun begins. Now that Playwright is set up, it’s time to explore the basics of writing meaningful and effective test scripts.Starting with the BasicsInside your tests folder, create a new test file: Finder Right-click on your project directory, select New Folder, and name it tests. Then right-click on the tests folder, choose New File, and name it login.spec.js. VS Code You can click on the New Folder and New File icons in the Explorer sidebar to quickly create the tests folder and the login.spec.js file.Run the following command in your project root if you’re using Terminal:Bashtouch tests/login.spec.jsHere’s a simple login test example:Login Screen Testconst { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test'); test('user can login with valid credentials', async ({ page }) => { // Navigate to the login page await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-signin.html'); // Fill in the email/username field await page.fill('input[name="username"]', 'john@masteringqa.com'); // Fill in the password field await page.fill('input[name="pwd"]', 'securepassword'); // Click the submit button to log in await page.click('button[type="submit"]'); // Assert that the greeting "Hi, John Doe" is visible after login await expect(page.locator('#userbox .name')).toHaveText('Hi, John Doe'); });Understanding the Structure Import Playwright test functions (test and expect). Define a test named "user can login with valid credentials". Open the login page using page.goto. Fill in the username and password using page.fill. Click the login button to submit the form. Verify successful login by checking that,/b> "Hi, John Doe" is visible in the userbox.Running the TestSimply run:Bashnpx playwright test tests/login.spec.jsYou’ll see test results in the terminal. Note: Watch Your Test in ActionTo see your Playwright test run in a visible browser window, add the --headed flag when running your test. This is especially helpful for debugging or understanding how your script interacts with the page in real time.Bashnpx playwright test tests/login.spec.js --headedDebugging Tips Use await page.pause() to stop the test and explore the browser state Use npx playwright codegen to record flowsConclusionCongratulations! You’ve just written your first automated script using Playwright. This guide on Writing Your First Playwright Test sets the stage for more complex testing flows. In the next guide, Understanding Playwright Locators and Assertions, I’ll explain how Playwright finds elements and how to make your assertions rock-solid. Understanding Playwright Locators and Assertions In this guide on Understanding Playwright Locators and Assertions, I’ll help you master one of the most powerful aspects of Playwright: how it finds elements and how you can validate them with precision.What are Locators in Playwright?Locators are used to find and interact with elements on a page. Playwright offers a rich API that supports various selector types: Text: Targets elements by visible text. CSS: Targets elements using standard CSS selectors. Placeholder: Playwright can target inputs based on their placeholder attribute: XPath: allows for powerful hierarchical matching. Role: Playwright supports accessible roles like textbox, button, etc. Label: If the form has associated elements, you can target fields using their label textReal ExampleIn this example, we’ll interact with a modal form on the UI Elements Modals page by clicking the Open Form button. Once the modal appears, it reveals several address input fields.This setup provides a perfect real-world scenario to demonstrate how you can use different locator strategies in Playwright—such as text, placeholder, label, CSS selectors, roles, and XPath—to reliably find and interact with elements on the page.1. Text LocatorText: Open Form Buttonconst openFormButton = page.locator('text=Open Form'); await openFormButton.click();This clicks the Open Form button by its exact text.2. CSS SelectorCSS Selector: Address 1 & 2await page.fill('#address1', '123 Main St'); await page.fill('#address2', 'Apt 4B');Here, the #address1 and #address2 are id attributes of the input fields, making them perfect for CSS-based selectors.3. Placeholder TextPlaceholder: Enter your addressawait page.getByPlaceholder('Enter your address').fill('123 Main St'); await page.getByPlaceholder('Address Line 2').fill('Apt 4B');This approach is highly readable and ideal when ids or classes are dynamic or missing.4. Label TextLabel Text: Address Line 1 & Address Line 2await page.getByLabel('Address Line 1').fill('123 Main St'); await page.getByLabel('Address Line 2').fill('Apt 4B');This makes tests more resilient and semantically meaningful.5. Role-Based LocatorRole Based Locator: Open Form Buttonawait page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Open Form' }).click();Great for targeting elements based on accessibility best practices.6. XPath SelectorXPath: Locating Address 1await page.fill('//input[@id="address1"]', '123 Main St');Use this when dealing with complex or deeply nested elements. Pro TipFor better test stability and clarity, prioritize getByRole, getByLabel, and getByPlaceholder — these are more semantic, accessible, and less likely to break when the UI changes.Bringing It All TogetherLet’s bring all the locator strategies together and run a complete example using the registration form on the UI Elements Modals page.In this form, we’ll interact with inputs like email, password, address, city, and more—using a mix of Playwright locator techniques such as getByLabel, getByPlaceholder, CSS selectors, XPath, and getByRole. This real-world example shows how versatile and intuitive Playwright can be for form automation.Demo Test Scriptconst { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test'); test('fill and submit registration form using mixed locators', async ({ page }) => { //Visit the page containing the form await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/ui-elements-modals.html'); // Click the "Open Form" button using text locator await page.click('text=Open Form'); // Email - located by label await page.getByLabel('Email').fill('john.doe@masteringqa.com'); // Password - located by ID (CSS) await page.fill('#inputPassword4', 'SuperSecure123'); // Address - located by placeholder await page.getByPlaceholder('1234 Main St').fill('456 Ocean Drive'); // Address 2 - located by label await page.getByLabel('Address 2').fill('Apt 101'); // City - located by XPath await page.fill('//input[@id="inputCity"]', 'Miami'); // State - use label and select by visible text (if options exist) const stateDropdown = page.locator('#inputState'); await expect(stateDropdown).toBeVisible(); await stateDropdown.selectOption({ label: '...' }); // Zip - located by label await page.getByLabel('Zip').fill('33101'); // Submit the form using role-based locator on button await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' }).click(); });Best Practices for Locators in Playwright 1. Attributes Use data-testid attributes for stable and reliable selectorsCustom test IDs like data-testid="submit-button" are unaffected by visual changes and help keep your tests clean and maintainable. 2. Semantic Locators Prefer semantic locators like getByRole, getByLabel, or getByPlaceholderThese mimic how real users interact with the page, improve accessibility, and make your tests more intuitive. 3. Avoid Brittle XPaths Avoid brittle XPath selectors unless there's no better optionXPath can break easily with small DOM changes. Use it only when you can’t target an element by role, text, or ID. 4. Check for Visibility Always check for visibility before interactingBefore clicking or typing, use assertions like expect(locator).toBeVisible() to avoid flaky tests. 5. Scope Locators Scope locators within containers to avoid ambiguityWhen dealing with repeated elements (e.g., in modals or lists), use scoped locators to pinpoint the correct one and reduce selector conflicts.Common Assertions in PlaywrightAssertions ensure your test outcomes match expectations. Playwright includes built-in assertion methods:Common Playwright Assertionsawait expect(page.locator('.notification-success')).toContainText('Success!'); await expect(page).toHaveURL(/ui-elements-modals.html/); await expect(page.locator('h2').filter({ hasText: 'Modals' })).toBeVisible(); await expect(page.locator('#userbox')).toBeVisible();Handling Waits AutomaticallyOne of Playwright’s killer features is automatic waiting. There’s no need to add sleep or wait statements. Playwright waits for elements to be actionable.ConclusionMastering Playwright Locators and Assertions is key to writing tests that are both reliable and readable. Up next, we’ll tackle real-world challenges in Handling Authentication and Sessions in Playwright. Handling Authentication and Sessions in Playwright When testing real-world applications, handling login flows efficiently is essential. Repeating login steps in every test can slow things down and clutter your test code. In this guide, I’ll show you how to streamline authentication using Playwright’s session handling and storage state features—techniques I personally use in production testing environments.Manual Login in Every TestYou could log in manually in each test, like this:JavaScripttest('manual login', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('https://app.com/login'); await page.fill('input[name=email]', 'user@example.com'); await page.fill('input[name=password]', 'mypassword'); await page.click('button[type=submit]'); });But this approach is inefficient and repetitive. It increases test execution time and creates maintenance headaches, especially when the login flow changes.The Better Way: Using storageState to Reuse SessionsPlaywright supports session persistence using a feature called storageState. This lets you log in once, save the authentication state, and reuse it across multiple tests—no need to repeat login steps. Save the Login State:Create a separate file setup.spec.js and add the following:JavaScripttest('store login state', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('https://app.com/login'); await page.fill('input[name=email]', 'user@example.com'); await page.fill('input[name=password]', 'mypassword'); await page.click('button[type=submit]'); await page.context().storageState({ path: 'auth.json' }); });Run it once to generate the auth.json file:Bashnpx playwright test --project=setup Use the Saved Session in Other Tests:Update your playwright.config.js file to load the saved auth state in your tests:JavaScriptuse: { storageState: 'auth.json', }Now every test will automatically start in a logged-in state—no need to visit the login page again.ConclusionMastering Authentication and Session Handling in Playwright is a game changer. By avoiding repetitive logins and reusing sessions, you can write faster, cleaner, and more maintainable tests. This technique not only optimizes your test suite but also mirrors how users navigate your app post-login. Ready to take the next step and organize your growing test suite? Jump into the next guide Organizing and Running Test Suites in Playwright. Organizing and Running Test Suites in Playwright In this detailed guide, I’ll walk you through step-by-step how to effectively organize and run your test suites in Playwright, helping your test code remain clean, maintainable, and scalable.Structuring Your Test Files by FeaturesTo start organizing your Playwright tests, group related tests by application features or pages. Here’s a recommended folder structure:Project Folder Structuretests/ authentication/ login.spec.js unlock_account.spec.js forms/ basic_form_test.spec.js modals/ complete_registration_form.spec.jsThis method clearly associates tests with their corresponding functionalities, enhancing readability and ease of maintenance.Implementing Test Tags and AnnotationsUsing tags or annotations allows you to group or categorize tests within your suites. This practice helps manage test execution more efficiently.Here’s how you can use test.describe() to group related tests:Basic Form Test (Multiple Tests)import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'; test.describe('Basic Form Validation Tests', () => { test('should display error messages when required fields are empty | @smoketest', async ({ page }) => { // Navigate to the form validation page await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/forms-validation.html'); // Define the form section clearly const formSection = page.locator('section.card:has-text("Basic Form Validation")'); // Submit the form without filling in the required fields await formSection.locator('button.btn-primary').click(); // Validate error messages for each required field const fullNameInput = formSection.locator('input[name="fullname"]'); const emailInput = formSection.locator('input[name="email"]'); const skillsTextarea = formSection.locator('textarea[name="skills"]'); // Check that validation messages are triggered (native HTML validation) expect(await fullNameInput.evaluate(el => el.validationMessage)).not.toBe(''); expect(await emailInput.evaluate(el => el.validationMessage)).not.toBe(''); expect(await skillsTextarea.evaluate(el => el.validationMessage)).not.toBe(''); }); test('should allow submission with valid inputs | @uptest', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/forms-validation.html'); const formSection = page.locator('section.card:has-text("Basic Form Validation")'); await formSection.locator('input[name="fullname"]').fill('John Doe'); await formSection.locator('input[name="email"]').fill('john@masteringqa.com'); await formSection.locator('input[name="github"]').fill('https://github.com/johndoe'); await formSection.locator('textarea[name="skills"]').fill('Playwright, JavaScript, Testing'); // Submit the form await formSection.locator('button.btn-primary').click(); }); }); To temporarily skip tests or focus exclusively on specific tests during debugging, utilize these commands:Basic Form Tests – Skip & Only Annotationsimport { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'; test.describe('Basic Form Validation Tests', () => { test.skip('should display error messages when required fields are empty | @smoketest', async ({ page }) => { // Navigate to the form validation page await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/forms-validation.html'); // Define the form section clearly const formSection = page.locator('section.card:has-text("Basic Form Validation")'); // Submit the form without filling in the required fields await formSection.locator('button.btn-primary').click(); // Validate error messages for each required field const fullNameInput = formSection.locator('input[name="fullname"]'); const emailInput = formSection.locator('input[name="email"]'); const skillsTextarea = formSection.locator('textarea[name="skills"]'); // Check that validation messages are triggered (native HTML validation) expect(await fullNameInput.evaluate(el => el.validationMessage)).not.toBe(''); expect(await emailInput.evaluate(el => el.validationMessage)).not.toBe(''); expect(await skillsTextarea.evaluate(el => el.validationMessage)).not.toBe(''); }); test.only('should allow submission with valid inputs | @uptest', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/forms-validation.html'); const formSection = page.locator('section.card:has-text("Basic Form Validation")'); await formSection.locator('input[name="fullname"]').fill('John Doe'); await formSection.locator('input[name="email"]').fill('john@masteringqa.com'); await formSection.locator('input[name="github"]').fill('https://github.com/johndoe'); await formSection.locator('textarea[name="skills"]').fill('Playwright, JavaScript, Testing'); // Submit the form await formSection.locator('button.btn-primary').click(); }); }); Running Specific Tests and SuitesPlaywright allows targeted execution of test files, groups, or specific tagged tests. To run a specific test file:Running Basic Form Test (Headless Mode)npx playwright test tests/forms/basic_form_test.spec.js To run tests by tags or descriptive names:Running Specific Test By Tagnpx playwright test --grep "@uptest"This targeted execution significantly reduces feedback time during development and debugging.ConclusionNow you’ve mastered the essentials of organizing and running your Playwright test suites effectively. Following these steps ensures your tests remain organized, scalable, and easy to maintain. Next, explore how to further optimize your testing by leveraging parallel execution and CI integration in our next guide: Parallelization and CI Integration in Playwright. Parallelization and CI Integration in Playwright In this guide, I’ll demonstrate how to leverage Playwright’s built-in parallel test execution capabilities and integrate them seamlessly with Continuous Integration (CI) systems, such as GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, and Jenkins, ensuring a robust and automated testing pipeline.Understanding Parallel Test ExecutionPlaywright supports parallel execution out-of-the-box by running tests simultaneously to reduce total execution time. By default, Playwright detects the optimal number of parallel workers based on your system’s CPU cores.To explicitly specify the number of workers, modify your playwright.config.js:Add Pipeline Workers// playwright.config.js module.exports = { workers: 4, // Adjust based on your CI or local machine capabilities };Integrating with GitHub ActionsHere’s a simple GitHub Actions workflow for Playwright tests:Github Actions# .github/workflows/playwright.yml name: Playwright Tests on: [push, pull_request] jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: actions/setup-node@v4 with: node-version: '20' - name: Install dependencies run: npm install - name: Install Playwright browsers run: npx playwright install --with-deps - name: Run tests run: npx playwright testThis setup automatically triggers test runs on each push or pull request.Integrating with GitLab CIHere’s how to configure Playwright tests with GitLab CI:GitLab CI# .gitlab-ci.yml playwright-tests: image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.44.0-jammy stage: test script: - npm install - npx playwright install --with-deps - npx playwright testThis configuration uses an official Playwright Docker image, providing all necessary dependencies.Integrating with JenkinsTo run Playwright tests in Jenkins, create a Jenkinsfile in your repository:Jenkinspipeline { agent any stages { stage('Install Dependencies') { steps { sh 'npm install' sh 'npx playwright install --with-deps' } } stage('Run Playwright Tests') { steps { sh 'npx playwright test' } } } }ConclusionYou’ve successfully integrated Playwright’s powerful parallel test execution with popular CI tools. This setup ensures efficient, reliable, and scalable testing pipelines, ultimately improving the quality and reliability of your application delivery process. SeleniumOfficial DocsDiscover the full potential of web automation testing with Selenium. Visit the official Selenium website for comprehensive guides, detailed setup instructions, and expert insights. Begin your automation journey by exploring the Official Selenium Docs. Become a Pro Member – Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Introduction to Selenium TestingWhen I first started automating tests for web applications, I was introduced to a tool that changed everything—Selenium. Selenium is the gold standard in web automation. It’s open-source, widely adopted, and incredibly powerful. Whether you’re testing login functionality or complex workflows across browsers, Selenium is often the go-to solution.In this guide, I’ll walk you through an intro to Selenium for web automation, covering what Selenium is, why it’s essential, and how you can get started.What is Selenium?Selenium is a suite of tools designed for automating web browsers. It includes: Selenium WebDriver – Drives the browser in a user-like way. Selenium IDE – A Chrome/Firefox plugin for record-and-playback testing. Selenium Grid – Executes tests in parallel across different environments.Selenium supports various languages like Java, Python, C#, and JavaScript, but I’ll be using Java in this guide, since it integrates well with TestNG and Maven for structured QA work.Why Use Selenium for Web Automation?Here are a few reasons I continue to use Selenium: Cross-browser support (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge) Platform independence Integration with CI/CD pipelines Large community and supportIf you’re working on a login page like this demo test app, Selenium can validate user flows with ease.Setting Up SeleniumTo begin automating, you need a few things set up: 1. Install Java and Maven 2. Add Selenium dependencies in your pom.xmlSelenium Maven Dependency<dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.18.1</version> </dependency> 3. Write your first test using WebDriverSelenium WebDriver Simple ExampleWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-signin.html");Selenium’s Place in Modern QASelenium isn’t just a tool—it’s part of a QA strategy. I often combine it with TestNG, Page Object Model (POM), and Jenkins for a scalable testing architecture.ConclusionGetting started with Selenium gives you the power to automate and validate web apps efficiently. It’s flexible, scalable, and trusted by QA professionals everywhere. Now that you’ve learned the intro to Selenium for web automation, let’s move forward by Writing Simple & Reliable Selenium Tests with WebDriver. Writing Reliable Selenium Tests with WebDriverOne of the first skills I mastered in my automation journey was writing simple and reliable Selenium tests with WebDriver. WebDriver is the engine that drives the browser in Selenium and allows you to simulate real user actions like clicking, typing, and navigating.This guide walks through how to write maintainable, high-quality tests using WebDriver.What is Selenium WebDriver?Selenium WebDriver is a core component of Selenium that provides an API for controlling browsers. It supports major browsers and gives fine-grained control over browser automation.Creating a Basic Login TestLet’s use the demo login page to demonstrate a test scenario.Here’s a basic login test:Test: Valid Login@Test public void testValidLogin() { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-signin.html"); driver.findElement(By.name("email")).sendKeys("test@example.com"); driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("password123"); driver.findElement(By.className("btn")).click(); String currentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl(); Assert.assertTrue(currentUrl.contains("dashboard")); driver.quit(); }Structuring Selenium Tests for MaintainabilityTo avoid flaky tests, I follow the Page Object Model (POM). It separates test logic from page structure.Structuring Selenium Tests for Maintainabilitypublic class LoginPage { WebDriver driver; By emailField = By.id("email"); By passwordField = By.id("password"); By loginButton = By.id("login-button"); public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) { this.driver = driver; } public void login(String email, String password) { driver.findElement(emailField).sendKeys(email); driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(loginButton).click(); } }Handling Synchronization with WebDriver WaitsUsing WebDriverWait ensures elements are ready before interaction.Handling Synchronization with WebDriver WaitsWebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); WebElement loginBtn = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("login-button"))); loginBtn.click();Exception Handling in Selenium TestsTo handle exceptions and avoid test crashes:Exception Handling in Selenium Teststry { driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("testuser@example.com"); } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { System.out.println("Element not found!"); }Best Practices for Reliable Tests Use Explicit Waits: Avoid using Thread.sleep() and opt for WebDriverWait to wait until elements are interactable. Clear Before Typing: Use clear() before sendKeys() to avoid flaky inputs. Assertions Matter: Validate URLs, text, or elements to verify expected behavior.Using TestNG for StructureHere’s how I structure tests with TestNG for better organization:Using TestNG for Structure@BeforeMethod public void setup() { driver = new ChromeDriver(); } @AfterMethod public void teardown() { driver.quit(); }ConclusionBy writing simple and reliable Selenium tests with WebDriver, you build a strong QA foundation. WebDriver gives you full control over web actions and can be scaled as your application grows. Next, we’ll dive deeper into Mastering Locators and Waits in Selenium. Mastering Locators and Waits in SeleniumMastering locators and waits in Selenium is vital for building robust automation scripts. When my tests started failing randomly, I knew I had to improve how I interact with page elements and time their availability.Choosing the Right LocatorsI always start with the simplest locator strategies: ID: Best for unique elements Name/ClassName: Simple but less reliable CSS Selector: My favorite for its flexibility XPath: Useful for traversing complex DOM structuresExample using CSS:Using CSSdriver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#email")).sendKeys("test@example.com");Example using XPath:Using XPathdriver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='email']")).sendKeys("test@example.com");Implementing Wait StrategiesI avoid Thread.sleep() and instead use:Implicit Wait:Implicit Waitdriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));Explicit Wait:Explicit WaitWebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(15)); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("login-button")));Best Practices Always prefer IDs or data attributes. Use explicit waits over implicit waits for better control. Avoid brittle XPath expressions like //*[3]/div[2].ConclusionMastering locators and waits in Selenium helped me eliminate flaky tests and boost stability. Now that we’ve covered the foundations, it’s time to level up with Data-Driven and Cross-Browser Testing in Selenium. Data-Driven and Cross-Browser Testing in SeleniumData-driven and cross-browser testing in Selenium allows me to expand coverage and simulate real-world usage. Instead of hardcoding values, I feed tests with external data and ensure they work across browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.Implementing Data-Driven Tests with TestNGWith TestNG, I use @DataProvider for multiple test inputs.Java@DataProvider(name = "loginData") public Object[][] getData() { return new Object[][] { {"test1@example.com", "Password123"}, {"test2@example.com", "Password456"} }; } @Test(dataProvider = "loginData") public void loginTest(String email, String password) { LoginPage login = new LoginPage(driver); login.login(email, password); }Setting Up Cross-Browser TestsUsing WebDriverManager simplifies browser setup.Setting Up Cross-Browser Tests@BeforeMethod @Parameters("browser") public void setup(String browser) { if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")) { WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup(); driver = new ChromeDriver(); } else if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")) { WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup(); driver = new FirefoxDriver(); } }Running Tests in Multiple Browsers via XMLRunning Tests in Multiple Browsers via XML<suite name="CrossBrowserSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="2"> <test name="ChromeTest"> <parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/> <classes> <class name="tests.LoginTest"/> </classes> </test> <test name="FirefoxTest"> <parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/> <classes> <class name="tests.LoginTest"/> </classes> </test> </suite>ConclusionData-driven and cross-browser testing in Selenium helped me validate functionality across multiple inputs and environments. Now that your test suite is growing, let’s learn how to run tests in parallel with Scaling Tests with Selenium Grid for Parallel Execution. Scaling Tests with Selenium Grid for Parallel ExecutionScaling tests with Selenium Grid for parallel execution was a game-changer in speeding up my test cycles. Instead of waiting for tests to run one after another, I now execute them across multiple machines or browser instances simultaneously.Setting Up Selenium GridI start by launching a hub and node locally.Hub:Bashjava -jar selenium-server-4.14.0.jar hubNode: Bashjava -jar selenium-server-4.14.0.jar node --hub http://localhost:4444Configuring TestNG for Parallel ExecutionConfiguring TestNG for Parallel Execution XML<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="3"> <test name="ChromeTest1" /> <test name="ChromeTest2" /> <test name="FirefoxTest" /> </suite>Connecting to the Grid from WebDriverConnecting to the Grid from WebDriverWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver( new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), new ChromeOptions() );Benefits of Using Selenium Grid Runs tests faster. Supports different browsers and OS configurations. Reduces feedback loop time in CI/CD pipelines.ConclusionScaling tests with Selenium Grid allowed me to reduce test execution time and simulate real-world testing scenarios. The next logical step? Let’s automate the entire pipeline with Integrating Selenium with CI/CD for Automated Pipelines. Integrating Selenium with CI/CD for Automated PipelinesIntegrating Selenium with CI/CD for automated pipelines helped me bring testing into the heart of development. Every code push now triggers my test suite, catching bugs early and ensuring faster feedback.Using Jenkins for CI/CD IntegrationHere’s how I integrate Selenium into a Jenkins pipeline: Install Java and Maven on Jenkins. Create a Jenkins job (Freestyle or Pipeline). Add Git repository and configure build trigger (e.g., on push). Execute Maven build:Bashmvn clean testSample Jenkinsfile for Selenium Tests Groovypipeline { agent any stages { stage('Checkout') { steps { git 'https://github.com/your-repo/selenium-tests.git' } } stage('Test') { steps { sh 'mvn clean test' } } } }Using GitHub ActionsFor open-source projects, GitHub Actions works seamlessly: YAMLname: Selenium Tests on: [push] jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - name: Set up Java uses: actions/setup-java@v2 with: java-version: '17' - name: Run Tests run: mvn clean testConclusionBy integrating Selenium with CI/CD for automated pipelines, I’ve streamlined my QA process and improved release confidence. With this final guide, you’ve now mastered the core aspects of Selenium automation testing. TestNGOfficial DocsDiscover the full potential of automated testing with TestNG. Visit the official TestNG documentation for comprehensive guides, detailed setup instructions, and expert insights. Begin your journey with TestNG by exploring the Official TestNG Docs. Become a Pro Member – Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Introduction to TestNGIntroduction to TestNGWhen I first started building structured test suites in Java, I quickly discovered how limiting JUnit was for more complex scenarios. That’s when I got introduced to TestNG, a powerful testing framework designed to cover all categories of tests: unit, functional, end-to-end, and integration. This guide provides an Introduction to TestNG, covering what it is, why we use it, and how it can enhance our test automation strategy.What is TestNG?TestNG stands for Test Next Generation. It’s an open-source testing framework inspired by JUnit but with additional functionalities like annotations, test configuration, parallel execution, and grouping. It simplifies test development and provides flexible test configurations, making it ideal for large-scale QA efforts.Why Use TestNG?As a QA tester, I always aim to create maintainable and scalable test suites. TestNG brings: Advanced annotations:Annotations that provide detailed management of test execution behavior, enabling customization at method or class levels. Flexible test configuration:Capability to adjust test settings dynamically, making it easy to adapt tests to varying scenarios and environments. Dependency support between test methods:Ability to define tests that depend on the successful execution of other tests, ensuring logical and reliable execution order. Grouping and prioritization:Organizing tests into meaningful categories and assigning priority to control the execution sequence and manage complex test suites effectively. Parallel test execution:Running multiple tests simultaneously, significantly reducing overall testing time and improving efficiency. Detailed test reports:Comprehensive and clear reporting that provides deep insights into test execution results, facilitating easier debugging and analysis.These features make TestNG one of the most powerful testing frameworks available for Java-based automation.TestNG vs JUnitAlthough JUnit is widely used, TestNG outshines it in certain areas. For example, TestNG allows for parameterized tests, parallel execution, and test dependencies, which JUnit requires plugins or workarounds to accomplish. If your test architecture is evolving, TestNG provides the structure and scalability you need.How TestNG Fits in QA ProjectsWhether you’re using Selenium WebDriver or REST Assured, TestNG integrates effortlessly. I often pair TestNG with Maven and Jenkins for CI pipelines. This way, I can configure test environments, run smoke tests, and generate detailed test reports automatically.ConclusionIn this Introduction to TestNG, we’ve explored the purpose, power, and advantages of using TestNG in automation testing. As we move forward, let’s get hands-on and start coding. Head over to the next guide: Writing Your First Test Case with TestNG. Writing Your First Test Case with TestNGWriting Your First Test Case with TestNGAfter understanding what TestNG is, the natural next step is actually writing your first test. In this guide, I’ll walk you through Writing Your First Test Case with TestNG, setting up your development environment, and running a basic test case.PrerequisitesBefore we begin, ensure you have the following: Java Development Kit (JDK) installed IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse Maven or Gradle project TestNG dependency added to your pom.xml or build.gradleMaven Example:XML<dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>7.8.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>Creating Your First Test ClassHere’s how I usually structure a basic TestNG class:Javaimport org.testng.annotations.Test; public class FirstTest { @Test public void testWelcomeMessage() { String actual = "Welcome to TestNG"; String expected = "Welcome to TestNG"; assert actual.equals(expected) : "Test Failed"; } }Running the TestYou can run the test using: IDE Run Button (right-click on class → Run) Maven command: mvn testTestNG generates a test-output folder with reports that show whether your test passed or failed.Understanding the OutputTestNG provides: HTML and XML reports Logs in the console Stack traces for failed testsThis level of detail helps identify failures quickly, which is critical in any QA process.ConclusionYou’ve just written and executed your first test case in TestNG! This forms the building block of larger test suites. Next, let’s dive into Understanding TestNG Annotations to see how TestNG controls test execution flow. Understanding TestNG AnnotationsIn TestNG, annotations are the heart of test configuration. As a QA tester, I rely heavily on these annotations to organize and control the flow of test execution. This guide is all about Understanding TestNG Annotations and how they simplify testing.Commonly Used Annotations in TestNGLet me show you the key annotations I use and how they work:@TestThe core annotation for marking test methods.Java@Test public void loginTest() { // your logic here }@BeforeMethod and @AfterMethodRun before and after each test method.Java@BeforeMethod public void setup() { System.out.println("Setting up browser"); } @AfterMethod public void teardown() { System.out.println("Closing browser"); }@BeforeClass and @AfterClassExecute once per class.@BeforeSuite and @AfterSuiteExecute once before/after the entire test suite.@Parameters and @DataProviderUsed for data-driven testing, which we’ll cover in a later guide.Execution Flow ExampleHere’s a simple order of execution:LESS@BeforeSuite → @BeforeClass → @BeforeMethod → @Test → @AfterMethod → @AfterClass → @AfterSuiteKnowing this order is essential when setting up browser sessions, databases, or test environments.ConclusionNow that you’re Understanding TestNG Annotations, your test code will be more structured and easier to manage. These annotations are crucial in building reliable and scalable test suites. Up next, we’ll explore Grouping Test Cases in TestNG to further streamline your testing process. Grouping Test Cases in TestNGGrouping Test Cases in TestNGAs my test suite grows, it becomes essential to group related test cases. This allows me to run a specific set of tests such as smoke, regression, or integration. In this guide, we’ll cover Grouping Test Cases in TestNG and how this feature can improve test management.Why Group Test Cases?Grouping helps: Run related tests together Skip irrelevant tests for specific runs Categorize tests for reports and CI/CD pipelinesUsing the groups AttributeJava@Test(groups = {"smoke"}) public void loginTest() { // login test logic } @Test(groups = {"regression"}) public void dashboardTest() { // dashboard test logic }You can also assign multiple groups:Java@Test(groups = {"smoke", "regression"})Running Specific GroupsModify your testng.xml file:XML<test name="Smoke Tests"> <groups> <run> <include name="smoke"/> </run> </groups> <classes> <class name="tests.LoginTests"/> <class name="tests.DashboardTests"/> </classes> </test>Benefits in CI/CDGrouping test cases in TestNG is a must-have when working in continuous integration environments. It allows you to run critical tests fast and prioritize builds.ConclusionGrouping Test Cases in TestNG helps streamline test execution and management. You can run only what matters when it matters. Let’s take it further in Implementing Data-Driven Testing with TestNG, where we’ll learn to run tests with different data sets. Implementing Data-Driven Testing with TestNGImplementing Data-Driven Testing with TestNGOne of the most powerful features in TestNG is data-driven testing. When I need to validate multiple input combinations without rewriting test logic, I turn to this approach. In this guide, we’ll explore Implementing Data-Driven Testing with TestNG using @DataProvider and @Parameters.What is Data-Driven Testing?Data-driven testing allows you to run the same test multiple times with different input data. It’s especially useful for: Login forms with multiple credentials Form submissions Boundary and edge case validationsUsing @DataProviderHere’s how I use a DataProvider in TestNG:Java@DataProvider(name = "loginData") public Object[][] getData() { return new Object[][] { {"admin", "admin123"}, {"user", "user123"} }; } @Test(dataProvider = "loginData") public void testLogin(String username, String password) { System.out.println("Logging in with " + username + " / " + password); }Using @Parameters with XMLIf you prefer XML configuration:XML<parameter name="username" value="admin"/> <parameter name="password" value="admin123"/>Java@Test @Parameters({"username", "password"}) public void testLogin(String username, String password) { // login logic }Best Practices Name your DataProviders clearly Keep test data external in JSON or Ex Use validation assertions for each data runConclusionImplementing Data-Driven Testing with TestNG increases test flexibility and efficiency. Now you can test multiple scenarios without duplicating code. Next, let’s move to Parallel Test Execution in TestNG and speed things up even more. Parallel Test Execution in TestNGParallel Test Execution in TestNGAs test suites grow, so does execution time. That’s when I turn to Parallel Test Execution in TestNG. This feature allows multiple tests to run simultaneously, cutting down total test time and optimizing CI/CD workflows.Why Use Parallel Execution? Faster feedback on builds Efficient use of resources Scalable automation pipelinesConfiguring Parallel Tests in testng.xmlHere’s how I set up parallel test execution:XML<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="methods" thread-count="3"> <test name="ParallelTests"> <classes> <class name="tests.ParallelTest1"/> <class name="tests.ParallelTest2"/> </classes> </test> </suite>You can parallelize by: methods classes testsEach has its own use case. For example, I use methods for independent functional tests and classes for module-level tests.Thread Count and SynchronizationAlways choose a thread-count based on your machine or CI environment capabilities. Be careful when tests interact with shared resources (e.g., files, DBs). Use thread-safe mechanisms or isolate test data.Using @Test(threadPoolSize, invocationCount)Java@Test(threadPoolSize = 3, invocationCount = 5) public void runMultipleTimes() { System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getId()); }This executes the test 5 times across 3 threads.ConclusionParallel Test Execution in TestNG helps you scale and speed up your testing process significantly. Just ensure your tests are thread-safe! Now, let’s move on to Using Assertions in TestNG to Validate Test to ensure your tests are actually verifying the expected outcomes. Using Assertions in TestNG to Validate TestUsing Assertions in TestNG to Validate TestNo test is complete without assertions. They’re the proof that our test did what it was supposed to do. In this final guide, I’ll show you how Using Assertions in TestNG to Validate Test ensures correctness and helps prevent false positives.What Are Assertions?Assertions are checkpoints that compare expected and actual results. If they don’t match, the test fails—simple as that. It’s how we confirm behavior in automation.Commonly Used Assertions in TestNGLet’s go through the most commonly used ones:Assert.assertEquals()JavaString actual = "QA"; String expected = "QA"; Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);Assert.assertTrue()Javaboolean isVisible = true; Assert.assertTrue(isVisible, "Element should be visible");Assert.assertFalse()Used when something should not happen.Assert.assertNotNull() and Assert.assertNull()Perfect for null checks when dealing with API responses or form fields.SoftAssert vs Hard Assert Hard Assert: Fails the test immediately when an assertion fails. SoftAssert: Continues executing even if the assertion fails.JavaSoftAssert softAssert = new SoftAssert(); softAssert.assertEquals("title", "expectedTitle"); softAssert.assertTrue(false); softAssert.assertAll(); // Collect all assertion resultsI use SoftAssert when I want to validate multiple things and log all failures in one test run.Best Practices Always use meaningful assertion messages Validate both UI and backend where possible Use SoftAsserts for long UI flowsConclusionUsing Assertions in TestNG to Validate Test is your key to writing trustworthy and meaningful test cases. Assertions enforce correctness and help your tests stay valuable over time. With this, you’ve completed the core fundamentals of TestNG!If you’d like to explore more TestNG or Java-based test automation content, stay tuned for advanced testing strategies and framework design coming soon. WebDriverIO Getting Started with WebDriverIOIntroductionGetting Started with WebDriverIO is the first step into the world of efficient, scalable, and modern end-to-end testing for web applications. As a QA tester and automation enthusiast, I’ve used several tools, but WebDriverIO stands out for its simplicity, flexibility, and powerful integrations.What is WebDriverIO?WebDriverIO is a custom implementation of Selenium’s WebDriver API written in Node.js. It enables automation across all modern browsers and offers plugins that simplify testing for both developers and QA testers.Installing WebDriverIOLet’s set up a test environment:Bashnpm init -y npm install --save-dev @wdio/cli npx wdio configDuring setup, I select: Testing framework: Mocha Reporter: Spec Services: chromedriver Base URL: https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-appThis will generate a basic WebDriverIO project structure.Project StructureAfter installation, you’ll have: wdio.conf.js: main configuration file ./test/specs/: where your test scripts go ./node_modules/: dependenciesRunning Your First CommandTo verify setup:Bashnpx wdio run wdio.conf.jsIf everything is configured properly, you’ll see WebDriverIO spinning up the browser.ConclusionYou’ve now set up WebDriverIO and are ready to write your first test. In the next guide, we’ll move into Writing Your First WebDriverIO Test Script. Writing Your First WebDriverIO Test Script IntroductionWriting Your First WebDriverIO Test Script is where the fun begins. Now that I’ve set up the framework, it’s time to test the login form on our demo app.Creating the Test FileInside the /test/specs/ directory, I create a file:Bashtouch signin.e2e.jsThen I write this basic test:JavaScriptdescribe('Sign In Page Test', () => { it('should load the sign in page and check title', async () => { await browser.url('/pages-signin.html'); const title = await browser.getTitle(); expect(title).toContain('Sign In'); }); });Running the TestI execute:Bashnpx wdio run wdio.conf.jsThe browser opens the sign-in page and verifies the title contains “Sign In”.ConclusionYou’ve just written your first automated test using WebDriverIO. Next, we’ll explore how to start Locating and Interacting with Web Elements in WebDriverIO. Locating and Interacting with Web Elements in WebDriverIO IntroductionLocating and Interacting with Web Elements in WebDriverIO is a core skill for effective automation. In this guide, I’ll show you how I locate fields, buttons, and handle interactions on the sign-in page.Strategies for Locating ElementsI use the WebDriverIO $ command for querying elements.JavaScriptconst username = await $('#signin-email'); const password = await $('#signin-password'); const submit = await $('button[type="submit"]');I interact using:JavaScriptawait username.setValue('tester@example.com'); await password.setValue('Password123!'); await submit.click();Assertions and ValidationsAfter submission, I validate:JavaScriptconst error = await $('.alert-danger'); expect(await error.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);ConclusionMastering element location and interaction is foundational. Next, let’s take it up a notch with Using WebDriverIO with Page Object Model (POM). Using WebDriverIO with Page Object Model (POM) IntroductionUsing WebDriverIO with Page Object Model (POM) helps me organize my tests cleanly. By separating page logic from test logic, I make my framework scalable and easier to maintain.Creating a Page ObjectIn /test/pageobjects/, I create signin.page.js:Updating the TestConclusionWith Page Object Model, your tests are cleaner and reusable. In the next guide, we’ll explore Handling Async Operations and Wait Strategies in WebDriverIO to improve test reliability. Handling Async Operations and Wait Strategies in WebDriverIO IntroductionHandling Async Operations and Wait Strategies in WebDriverIO has helped me eliminate flaky tests. Web apps are dynamic, and proper waiting is essential.Using WebDriverIO WaitsBuilt-in wait commands:JavaScriptawait browser.waitUntil(async () => { return (await $('.alert-success').isDisplayed()); }, { timeout: 5000, timeoutMsg: 'Expected success alert not to appear' });Or using .waitForDisplayed():JavaScriptawait $('#signin-email').waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 3000 });Why await MattersAll interactions in WebDriverIO are promise-based. Forgetting await can cause timing issues.ConclusionBy mastering async handling, you’ll make your tests much more stable. Let’s now dive into Advanced Configuration and Reporting in WebDriverIO to customize and monitor our test runs. Advanced Configuration and Reporting in WebDriverIO IntroductionAdvanced Configuration and Reporting in WebDriverIO is where things get serious. I love customizing my config to add reporting, parallelization, retries, and better error logging.Config TweaksIn wdio.conf.js:JavaScriptmaxInstances: 2, retry: 1, waitforTimeout: 10000, logLevel: 'info',Adding Allure ReportingBashnpm install --save-dev @wdio/allure-reporterUpdate config:JavaScriptreporters: ['spec', ['allure', { outputDir: 'allure-results' }]],Run tests:Bashnpx wdio run wdio.conf.jsGenerate reports:Bashallure generate allure-results --clean -o allure-report allure openConclusionWith proper configuration and reporting, your test suite becomes a powerful asset in the QA pipeline. You’ve now reached the advanced tier of WebDriverIO usage. Stay tuned as I explore even more testing tools and frameworks!
Appium Official DocsDiscover more about Appium, the powerful tool for automating mobile app testing, by visiting the Official Appium Website. Explore its full range of features, documentation, and community resources to enhance your testing efficiency. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles Intro to Appium Setting Up Appium on Local Machine Writing Your First Test Case with Appium Organizing Multiple Test Scenarios in Appium Using TestNG Understanding Appium UI Locator Strategies Automating Gesture Actions in Appium Capturing Screenshots and Logs In Appium Intro to Appium Welcome to the first part of our Mastering QA series, where we delve into the world of Appium, a powerful open-source tool for mobile app automation. Appium allows you to write tests for iOS and Android applications using the same API, which makes it a versatile and indispensable tool for QA engineers. Appium Desktop AppWhat is Appium?Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications. It allows you to write tests for mobile apps on Android and iOS platforms using a variety of programming languages, such as Java, Python, Ruby, and more. Appium is built on the philosophy that testing native or hybrid apps shouldn’t require including an SDK or recompiling your app. Appium Server RunningKey Features of Appium Cross-Platform: Supports testing on both Android and iOS. Multiple Languages: Write tests in any language that has a Selenium client library. Open Source: Free to use and has a large, active community. No App Modification: No need to modify or recompile your app for testing. Understanding Android Desired Capabilities When setting up your testing environment for Android applications, it's crucial to configure the desired capabilities properly. For our setup, we define the following properties:PLATFORM_NAME: AndroidPLATFORM_VERSION: 13.0DEVICE_NAME: emulator-5554APP: [Your app path here]AUTOMATION_NAME: Flutter (for Flutter applications), for typical Android frameworks use UIAutomator2 Android Desired Capabilities Setup Understanding IOS Desired Capabilities To set up your iOS testing environment, configure the following Desired Capabilities:PLATFORM_NAME: iOSPLATFORM_VERSION: 17.0.1DEVICE_NAME: iPhone 15 ProUDID: [Add your device ID here]APP: [Your app path here]AUTOMATION_NAME: Use Flutter for Flutter applications, or opt for XCUITest for native iOS testing.Additionally, ensure to include:xcodeOrgID: [Your Xcode organization ID]xcodeSigningID: [Your Xcode signing ID]This configuration ensures a seamless testing experience across iOS platforms, leveraging the latest capabilities and features. IOS Desired Capabilities SetupWhy Use AppiumAppium stands out for several reasons, here are a few to consider. Versatility: It supports a wide range of mobile applications, including native, hybrid, and mobile web applications. Flexibility: You can use your preferred development tools, practices, and frameworks. Integration: Easily integrates with popular CI/CD tools, enhancing your development workflow. Community: Strong community support ensures continuous improvement and a wealth of shared knowledge and resources.ConclusionNow that you have a basic understanding of what Appium is and why it’s beneficial, it’s time to get hands-on. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through Setting up Appium on Your Local Machine. Setting Up Appium on Local Machine In the previous guide, we introduced you to Appium and its benefits. Now, let’s get started with setting up Appium on your local machine so you can begin writing and executing your tests.PrerequisitesBefore you start, ensure you have the following installed. Java Development Kit (JDK): Appium requires Java, so download and install the JDK. Node.js: Appium is built on Node.js, so you'll need to install it. Android SDK: Necessary for Android app testing. [conditional_data dependency="Windows"]Xcode: N/A[/conditional_data][conditional_data dependency="Mac"]Xcode: Required for iOS app testing.[/conditional_data]Getting StartedInstall Java and Configure the Environment Variables. Download and install the JDK from the Oracle website. Next we are going to setup the JAVA_HOME and update the PATH environment variable to ensure Java is configured correctly on your system. How to Set JAVA HOME Environment Variable on Mac and Windows Install Node.js Installing Node.js is essential for setting up Appium, as Appium relies on Node.js. With Node.js, you can run the Appium server and use npm to install Appium and its dependencies efficiently. This setup is crucial for automating mobile application tests on both Android and iOS platforms. Download and install Node.js from the official website. How To Install Node.js On Mac & Windows Guide Install Appium CLI & Appium Doctor CommandsInstall Appium: Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications on Android and iOS. To get started, you need to install Appium and its dependencies: Open your [conditional_data dependency="windows"]Command Prompt[/conditional_data][conditional_data dependency="mac"]Terminal[/conditional_data] and run the following command.bashnpm install -g appiumInstall Appium Doctor: Appium Doctor is a tool that helps you verify that all the dependencies required for running Appium are properly installed on your system. It checks for Node.js, Java, Android SDK, Xcode and more.Install Appium Desktop GUI Appium Desktop is a graphical user interface (GUI) for Appium, providing an easy way to interact with the Appium server and inspect mobile application elements. It simplifies the process of setting up and managing Appium sessions, making it an essential tool for mobile test automation. Appium Desktop App Download and install Appium Desktop from the Appium website.Install Android SDK To use Appium for automating tests on Android devices, you need to install the Android Software Development Kit (SDK). The Android SDK provides the necessary tools and libraries for developing and testing Android applications. It includes the Android platform tools, such as adb, which Appium uses to interact with Android devices and emulators. Download and install the Android SDK from the Android Developer website or you can follow our guide below. Introduction to Android Studio Configure Android Environment VariablesSet ANDROID_HOME and update the PATH environment variable..bash_profile/.zshrcexport ANDROID_HOME=/path/to/android/sdk export PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/tools:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools:$PATH Install XcodeTo use Appium for testing iOS applications, you’ll need to install Xcode on your Mac. Xcode is Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS, used for developing software for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It includes a suite of software development tools, including the iOS Simulator, which is essential for testing iOS apps with Appium.Searching For XCode In Mac App StoreFollow this guide below to Setuo Xcode on your machine. Protected: Getting Started with Xcode ConclusionCongratulations! You have successfully set up Appium on your local machine. Now you’re ready to write your first test case with Appium. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through Writing Your First Appium Test Case with Appium. Writing Your First Test Case with Appium Now that you have Appium set up on your local machine, it’s time to dive into writing your first test case. This guide will walk you through the process of creating a simple test case in Java.Create a New Maven ProjectUse your favorite IDE to create a new Maven project. We’re going to be using Eclipse in this setup. Eclipse IDE LaunchingCreating A New ProjectStart a new project by navigating to the top menu and selecting File then New and finally Other... File > New > OtherIn the wizard window that appears, scroll down to find the Maven folder. Expand the Maven folder by clicking on the small triangle next to it, and then select Maven Project. Click Next to proceed with the project setup. Choosing Maven ProjectIn the next step of the wizard, you will see an option to create a simple project. To proceed, click the checkbox labeled Create a simple project (skip archetype selection). Once you have checked this option, click the Next > button to move forward with the project setup. Check The Create A Simple Project BoxOn the next step of the wizard, you will need to create a group ID and an artifact ID for your project. For this guide, use com.test.app.todo as both the group ID and artifact ID. Enter these values in the respective fields provided. After filling in the details, click the Finish button to continue. Create a Group Id & Artifact Id nameCreate a New Test ClassWith our Maven project created, the next step is to create a new test class. Navigate to the directory src/test/java/. Inside this directory, create a new package by following this path: com.test. Create A New Package To Store Your Test Files Setting 'com.test' As A Package NameOnce the package is created, add a new class within it and name the class FirstAppiumTest. Creating A New Class Set The Class Name As FirstAppiumTest The FirstAppiumTest Class Is CreatedAdd Dependencies to pom.xmlNow, navigate to the pom.xml file in your project. This file is essential for managing your project’s dependencies and configurations. Open the pom.xml file, as we will be adding the necessary dependencies to run an Appium test script. Once the file is open, so we can add the xml dependencies below.pom.xml<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>test-todo-app</groupId> <artifactId>test-todo-app</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.appium</groupId> <artifactId>java-client</artifactId> <version>8.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-remote-driver</artifactId> <version>4.7.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId> <artifactId>hamcrest</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.11.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M5</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>Add Your APK To The ProjectTo add your test APK to your project, begin by creating a new directory within your project’s structure. Navigate to the src/test/resources/ directory. Within this directory, create a new folder named app. This is where you will store your APK file for testing purposes. Create A New Folder To Store The Test App Setting The Directory As 'App' Added The Test App In The 'App' FolderWrite Your First Test ScriptLet’s take a look at our test application and discuss the test scenario that we’ll be automating. The test application we’ll be using is a TODO app. If you need access to the APK file, please join our Patreon. Members get access to all the existing frameworks we’ve created and more. You can follow along with this guide or use your own test application and tweak the elements as needed. In this test, our goal is to simply click on the Add Task button to display the Add Task screen. Add A Task Button Viewing Add Task ScreenFirstAppiumTest.javapackage com.test; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class FirstAppiumTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException { File app = new File("src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk"); // Set the desired capabilities for your test DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554"); caps.setCapability("platformName", "android"); caps.setCapability("app",app.getAbsolutePath()); // Initialize the Appium driver AndroidDriver driver = new AndroidDriver (new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4273/wd/hub"), caps); // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("ADD_YOUR_ID_HERE")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 1 seconds Thread.sleep(1000); // Close the driver session driver.quit(); } }Launch Appium Desktop & Appium InspectorNow, we need to find the id associated with the element that we want to click. To locate the id element or other useful selectors, ensure that the emulator or device is booted up. First, launch the Appium Server and Inspector. Open the Appium Desktop Server and click the startServer button. Next, launch the Appium Inspector, making sure that the server port matches the Appium server’s port. Appium Desktop with Emulator Appium Server Is Running Appium Inspector + Setting Up Desired Capabilities Ensure the Remote Port is set to 4273 Set the Remote Path to /wd/hub Click the pencil & Copy the Desired Capabilities from below and paste in the JSON Representation box Click the Save button Click the Start Session button Desired Capabilities JSON DesiredCapabilities.json{ "appium:platformName": "Android", "appium:platformVersion": "13.0", "appium:deviceName": "emulator-5554", "appium:automationName": "UiAutomator2", "appium:app": "/Users/{userName}/eclipse-workspace/test-todo-app/src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk", "appium:appWaitForLaunch": true }Inspecting The App ElementsWith the Appium Inspector now launched, you should see a preview of your application. In the preview window, locate and click on the element for which you want to retrieve attributes. For the purposes of this guide, we will click on the Add Task button. By doing so, the attributes related to this specific element will be displayed, allowing you to inspect and utilize them as needed. Appium Inspector Viewing The Element's Properties The accessibility id: value is to Add Task The id: value is to com.example.todoapp:id/fab The xpath: value is to //android.widget.ImageButton[@content-desc="Add Task"]You have the flexibility to use any available selector, but for this guide, we will select the second option, which represents the id attribute with the value com.example.todapp:id/fab. This value will be used in our code. Close the Appium Inspector Session to free up the Appium Server 4273 port.Copy this id value and navigate to the FirstAppiumTest class in your project. Find the element designated for adding a task and paste the copied id value into the addTaskButton element. This ensures that our test script can correctly interact with the element. Finding Add Task Button Element By IDJavaWebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 1 seconds Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("TEST PASSED!"); // Close the driver session driver.quit();Run Your TestFinally, it’s time to run the script. Yay! In the FirstAppiumTest class, right-click to open the context menu. Navigate to Run As and select Java Application. Now, sit back and watch as your script takes off for the first time! If everything goes well, you will see TEST PASSED in the console. Appium Run As Java ApplicationAnalyze the Test ResultsAfter the test execution is complete, review the results to ensure your test case ran successfully. Later in this series, we will learn how to implement TestNG to organize tests based on industry standards. Test Results - Passed Running Appium Test ScriptConclusionYou have now learned how to perform basic UI testing with Appium. This includes finding elements and performing actions. In the next guide, we’ll take a closer look at Organizing Multiple Test Scenarios In Appium with TestNG. Organizing Multiple Test Scenarios in Appium Using TestNG In the dynamic world of mobile application testing, managing and organizing multiple test scenarios efficiently is crucial for ensuring robust and reliable testing. Appium, combined with TestNG, provides a powerful framework to achieve this. This guide will walk you through the process of organizing multiple test scenarios in Appium using TestNG, leveraging the power of Java. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced user, this comprehensive guide will help you streamline your test automation process and enhance your testing capabilities. We will be using the project we setup previously. Setting Up Maven ProjectLet’s navigate to the pom.xml file so we can add the TestNG dependency. We’ll be using TestNG version 7.1.0 for our project. Adding TestNG Dependency To pom.xmlTestNG Dependency (pom.xml)<dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>7.1.0</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>By adding the TestNG dependency to your Maven project, you now have the necessary annotations to write and execute TestNG tests within the Appium project.Creating TestNG Class Let’s head back to our directory /src/test/java/com/test/ where we’ll create a copy of the existing FirstAppiumTest class. We’ll then rename this copy to FirstAppiumTestNG to begin restructuring the test to support TestNG. This new class will serve as our foundation for integrating TestNG functionalities. Copying FirstAppiumTest Class Pasting FirstAppiumTest Class Rename Copied File to FirstAppiumTestNGImporting TestNG AnnotationsIn the newly created FirstAppiumTestNG class, begin by importing the necessary TestNG annotations. These will include @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, and @Test.FirstAppiumTestNG.classimport org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; The @BeforeClass annotation will be used to set up the Appium driver before any tests are run, ensuring that the environment is correctly initialized. Similarly, the @AfterClass annotation will handle the teardown process, cleaning up resources once all tests have been executed. The @Test annotation will be applied to individual test methods, marking them as TestNG test cases.Modifying Class To Support TestNGSo what we’re going to do is remove the main() function call and close the curly bracket from our initial setup. Next, we will create a new public static AndroidDriver variable called driver. BeforeClassIn the @BeforeClass method, we will move the Desired Capabilities setup into the setup() function. This approach ensures that our Appium driver is properly configured before any tests are execute. Moving Desired Capabilities To BeforeClass MethodTest MethodIn the @Test method, we will add our simple test case from the previous guide, which is to click the Add Task button. This test will validate that our application responds correctly when adding a new task. By organizing our tests this way, we maintain a clear separation of concerns, making our test cases easier to manage and understand. Moving Scenario To Test MethodAfterClass MethodFinally, we’ll move the driver.quit() function into the @AfterClass teardown method. This adjustment ensures that the Appium driver is properly closed after all tests have been executed, cleaning up any resources used during the test run. Moving The Closing of the Driver in AfterClass MethodFirstAppiumTestNG.class (w/ Before & After Methods)package com.test; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class FirstAppiumTestNG { public static AndroidDriver driver; @BeforeClass public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException { File app = new File("src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk"); // Set the desired capabilities for your test DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554"); caps.setCapability("platformName", "android"); caps.setCapability("app",app.getAbsolutePath()); // Initialize the Appium driver driver = new AndroidDriver (new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4273/wd/hub"), caps); } @Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 1 seconds Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("TEST PASSED!"); } @AfterClass public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { // Close the driver session driver.quit(); } } }Adding More Test & AssertionsWhy stop here? Next, we’ll add some assertions and create two more test scenarios to highlight the beauty of TestNG running multiple scenarios and validating our expectations. We will create new tests called addingTaskToDoTheList() and deletingTaskFromTheList(), similar to the test we created using Espresso in our Android guides. We will add these methods to our file, and then we should be ready to run our tests.In our first new test scenario, we focus on adding a task to our to-do list. This test begins by clicking the “Add Task” button to navigate to the task addition screen. We verify that the user is on the correct screen by checking the presence of the title input field. Here’s how the implementation looks:Test: clickingAddTaskButton()@Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement addTaskTitle = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); Assert.assertTrue(addTaskTitle.isDisplayed(), "User is on the Add Task Details Screen"); driver.navigate().back(); Thread.sleep(1000); }addingTaskToDoTheList() TestNext, we have the addingTaskToDoTheList() method, which adds a task to the to-do list. This method clicks the “Add Task” button, enters a title and description for the new task, and then saves it. After saving, it verifies that the new task appears in the task list.Test: addingTaskToDoTheList()@Test public void addingTaskToDoTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement addTaskButton, saveButton; WebElement addTaskTitleField, addTaskDescField; // click the Add Task button addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); // add title to the task addTaskTitleField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); addTaskTitleField.click(); addTaskTitleField.sendKeys("Buy Milk"); // add description to the task addTaskDescField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/descriptionEditText")); addTaskDescField.click(); addTaskDescField.sendKeys("Grab 2 Gallons of Milk"); // click the Save button saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/saveButton")); saveButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement newTaskAdded = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/textView")); Assert.assertEquals(newTaskAdded.getText().toString(), "Buy Milk", "New Task Found"); }deletingTaskFromTheList() TestFinally, we have the deletingTaskFromTheList() method, which tests the deletion of a task from the list. This method locates the delete button and clicks it, then verifies that the task is removed from the task list.Test: deletingTaskFromTheList()@Test public void deletingTaskFromTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement deleteButton; // click the Delete button deleteButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/doneButton")); deleteButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); Assert.assertTrue(true, "Task is deleted & is removed from the Task List Screen"); }Full ImplementationHere’s the full implementation of the FirstAppiumTestNG file. FirstAppiumTestNG - Full ImplementationFirstAppiumTestNG.classpackage com.test; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import java.io.File; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.testng.Assert; import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class FirstAppiumTestNG { public static AndroidDriver driver; @BeforeClass public void setUp() throws MalformedURLException { File app = new File("src/test/resources/app/app-debug.apk"); // Set the desired capabilities for your test DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapability("deviceName", "emulator-5554"); caps.setCapability("platformName", "android"); caps.setCapability("app",app.getAbsolutePath()); // Initialize the Appium driver driver = new AndroidDriver (new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4273/wd/hub"), caps); } @Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement addTaskTitle = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); Assert.assertTrue(addTaskTitle.isDisplayed(), "User is on the Add Task Details Screen"); driver.navigate().back(); Thread.sleep(1000); } @Test public void addingTaskToDoTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement addTaskButton,saveButton; WebElement addTaskTitleField,addTaskDescField; // click the Add Task button addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); // add title to the task addTaskTitleField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); addTaskTitleField.click(); addTaskTitleField.sendKeys("Buy Milk"); // add description to the task addTaskDescField = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/descriptionEditText")); addTaskDescField.click(); addTaskDescField.sendKeys("Grab 2 Gallons of Milk"); // click the Save button saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/saveButton")); saveButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement newTaskAdded = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/textView")); Assert.assertEquals(newTaskAdded.getText().toString(), "Buy Milk", "New Task Found"); } @Test public void deletingTaskFromTheList() throws InterruptedException { WebElement deleteButton; // click the Delete button deleteButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/doneButton")); deleteButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); Assert.assertTrue(true, "Task is deleted & is removed from the Task List Screen"); } @AfterClass public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { // Close the driver session driver.quit(); } } }Running Test: TestNG XML File SetupNow that we’re ready to run our test, let’s create a new testng.xml file in the root of our project. In this new file, we’ll add the XML code below to enable running our FirstAppiumTestNG class.TestNG Suite Config (testng.xml)<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd"> <suite name="My First Appium TestNG Test"> <test name="TODO App Automation Testing"> <classes> <class name="com.test.FirstAppiumTestNG"/> </classes> </test> <!-- Test --> </suite> <!-- Suite --> Create A New TestNG File Naming The File testng.xml Pasting The XML Script In The New Testng.xml FileTo properly run our TestNG XML file, we need to configure the pom.xml file accordingly. Start by opening your pom.xml file and locating the Maven Surefire Plugin section. Within this section, you’ll need to add the TestNG configuration. Specifically, scroll down to where you see the <version> tag within the Maven Surefire Plugin and insert the following configuration just below it:TestNG Suite Setup (pom.xml)<configuration> <suiteXmlFiles> <suiteXmlFile>testng.xml</suiteXmlFile> </suiteXmlFiles> <testFailureIgnore>false</testFailureIgnore> </configuration> Pasting TestNG XML ConfigurationThis snippet tells Maven to use the testng.xml file to determine which tests to run. The <testFailureIgnore> tag is set to false, ensuring that the build will fail if any test fails, which is often the desired behavior in a continuous integration environment.Once you’ve added this configuration, make sure to save your pom.xml file. With these changes in place, your project is now ready to run with the specified TestNG configuration. Let's open the Terminal in Eclipse so we can execute the Maven command. Type or copy the command mvn test -DsuiteXmlFile=testng.xml into the Terminal. Press Enter to execute. The script should begin running the three scenarios we created earlier. As the tests execute, you should see passing logs appear in the console, indicating successful execution. Pasting Maven Command To Run TestNG Successful Test Results After Running CommandRunning Test: TestNG PluginAlternatively, if you have the TestNG plugin installed on your IDE, you can simply right-click on the test file and choose Run As TestNG. This method provides a quick and easy way to execute your tests without the need to manually configure the XML file. class. Running Test File Using 'Run As TestNG'Running FirstAppiumTestNG ScriptAlright, let’s sit back and enjoy watching the results. In the video below, you’ll see the script in action as it runs via the mvn command. The test executes all three scenarios and they pass successfully! It’s always a great feeling when everything works perfectly, isn’t it? Yay! GIF: Script Is Running TestNG Results Pane TestNG HTML Web ResultsConclusionOrganizing multiple test scenarios in Appium using TestNG is a critical step in building a robust test automation strategy. With TestNG, we can group our test cases logically, execute them in a specific order, and generate detailed reports. This structured approach not only saves time but also minimizes errors, making our testing process more reliable and efficient. Stay tuned for our next topic, where we will delve into Understanding Appium UI Locators. Understanding Appium UI Locator Strategies In this guide, we will delve into Appium UI Locator Strategies. Understanding how to efficiently locate elements is crucial for creating robust and maintainable automated tests. This guide is designed to be comprehensive and accessible for both beginners and advanced users. By the end of this guide, you’ll be proficient in various locator strategies in Appium, using Java as our code language.Introduction to LocatorsLocators are used to find UI elements on the mobile application. Appium supports various locator strategies: ID - is a unique identifier for elements. It is one of the most reliable and fastest ways to locate elements. Name - is another attribute that can be used, although it's less common and sometimes deprecated. Class Name - locates elements by their class attribute. It can return multiple elements, so it's often used with other strategies. XPath - is a powerful and flexible locator strategy but can be slower and more brittle. It's often used when other locators are not available. iOS Predicate String (iOS) - iOS Predicate String is used for complex queries on iOS. iOS Class Chain (iOS) - iOS Class Chain is another iOS-specific strategy that allows chaining class names and attributes.Using ID Using an id is one of the most efficient ways to identify and capture elements in Appium, provided that this option is available in our inspector. The id attribute serves as a unique identifier for elements within the DOM, allowing for precise and reliable element selection. This method is particularly advantageous because IDs are designed to be unique within a given page, thereby reducing the risk of selecting the wrong element.By.idWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("add-task-button"));Using Name By using the name attribute, you ensure your code remains clear and intuitive. This method not only enhances readability but also reduces the risk of errors that can occur with more complex locators. It’s a straightforward way to improve your Appium testing strategy, making it easier to manage and scale your automated tests. Adopting this practice can lead to more robust and reliable test scripts, ultimately contributing to a more efficient development cycle.By.nameWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.name("add-task-button"));Using XPath When using xpath to identify an element in Appium, you can target specific attributes or hierarchical relationships within the UI structure. For example, you might want to locate a button based on its ID, class, or even its position relative to other elements. This flexibility is one of the key advantages of using xpath over other locating strategies.By.xpathWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.Button[@content-desc='SIGN IN']"));Using Class Name You can capture and interact with an element by specifying its className. This method is particularly useful when elements share common characteristics or belong to the same class.By.classNameWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.className("android.widget.Button"));[IOS] iOS Predicate StringThis technique offers a precise way to locate elements based on specific attributes. The iOS Predicate String is a powerful tool that leverages the NSPredicate class from Apple’s iOS development environment, allowing developers to create complex queries for UI elements.[IOS] iOS Class Chain This approach leverages the class chain strategy, providing a powerful alternative to traditional locator strategies. By utilizing iOSClassChain, developers can efficiently target elements based on their hierarchical structure, enhancing the precision of their UI automation tests.By.iOSClassChainWebElement taskButton = driver.findElement(By.iOSClassChain("**/XCUIElementTypeButton[`label == 'Task'`]"));ConclusionIn this guide, we explored various Appium UI locator strategies using Java. By mastering these locators, you can write efficient and reliable automated tests for your mobile applications. Remember to prioritize IDs and Accessibility IDs for their reliability and speed, and use XPath judiciously. Stay tuned for our next topic, where we will dive into Advanced Automating Gestures in Appium. Automating Gesture Actions in Appium In the previous guide, we learned about Appium UI Locator Strategies. Now, let’s take it a step further by automating gesture actions. Gestures such as swipes, scrolls, and taps are essential for comprehensive mobile app testing.Common Gesture ActionsAlright, let’s dive into Gesture Actions in Appium. These actions are essential for simulating complex interactions with your mobile app, mimicking how a real user would engage with it. Whether you need to swipe, pinch, zoom, or perform a drag-and-drop action, Appium’s gesture commands have you covered. These gestures are critical for testing user interfaces that rely heavily on touch interactions, ensuring your app behaves as expected in the hands of actual users.Create Gestures Util ClassLet’s dive right in and enhance our Appium project by adding a new class to handle gesture methods efficiently. To begin, we’ll create a new class called GesturesUtil which will serve as a repository for various gesture methods. This step is essential to keep our code organized and maintainable. First, navigate to your project directory and create a new package namedcom.helpers. This package will be the home for our GesturesUtilclass. Organizing your code into packages not only improves readability but also aligns with best practices in software development, making your project more modular and easier to manage.Import DependenciesIn the com.helpers package, create the GesturesUtil class. This class will encapsulate all the gesture methods you need for your Appium tests, such as swipe, tap, and scroll. To get started, the first step is importing the necessary dependencies. In your project, add the following imports:GesturesUtil.classimport io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.PointerInput; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Sequence; import java.time.Duration; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections;With these imports in place, you can now proceed to define your gesture methods without encountering any compilation issues. This setup ensures that your code is well-structured and ready to handle a variety of automated testing scenarios, making your Appium testing framework robust and efficient.Simulating Tap or Long Press A tap is simply a quick touch on the screen, often used for selecting items, while a long press involves holding down on an element for a longer duration. This is typically used for actions like bringing up a context menu or initiating a special function. Appium’s capabilities allow you to simulate both, ensuring that these interactions are tested thoroughly.Gesture: tapElementpublic void tapElement(WebElement element) { PointerInput finger = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger"); Sequence tap = new Sequence(finger, 1) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), element.getLocation().x + element.getSize().width / 2, element.getLocation().y + element.getSize().height / 2)) .addAction(finger.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Collections.singletonList(tap)); }TapThe tapElement method simulates a tap on a web element by: Creating a touch input named finger. Creating a sequence of actions that: - Moves the touch pointer to the center of the specified element. - Presses down on the element. - Releases the press. Perform the sequence of actions using the driver.Gesture: Long Presspublic void longPressElement(WebElement element, Duration duration) { PointerInput finger = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger"); Sequence longPress = new Sequence(finger, 1) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), element.getLocation().x + element.getSize().width / 2, element.getLocation().y + element.getSize().height / 2)) .addAction(finger.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(duration, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), element.getLocation().x,element.getLocation().y)) .addAction(finger.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Collections.singletonList(longPress)); }Long PressThe longPressElement method simulates a long press on a mobile or web element by: Moving the virtual finger to the center of the element. Pressing down on the element. Holding the press for a specified duration. Releasing the press.Simulating Swipe GesturesIn Appium, swiping is straightforward but powerful, allowing you to simulate the user’s finger moving across the screen.To implement a swipe, you define the start and end coordinates, which tells Appium where the swipe should begin and end. By fine-tuning these coordinates, you can create swipes that mimic natural user behavior, ensuring your test cases are as realistic as possible.Gesture: Swipepublic void swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, Duration duration) { PointerInput finger = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger"); Sequence swipe = new Sequence(finger, 1) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), startX, startY)) .addAction(finger.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger.createPointerMove(duration, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), endX, endY)) .addAction(finger.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Collections.singletonList(swipe)); }SwipeThe swipe function simulates a swipe gesture on a touch screen. First, it moves the touch pointer from a starting point (startX, startY) Next it moves to the ending point (endX, endY) over a given duration. The process involves moving the pointer to the start position, touching down, moving to the end position, and then lifting up All of these actions are coordinated through a sequence of actions performed by the driver.Simulating a Zoom InNext we have pinch and zoom gestures, which are indispensable for applications that involve maps, images, or any form of visual content that users might need to zoom in and out of.Gesture: Zoom Inpublic void zoomIn(WebElement element) { int centerX = element.getLocation().getX() + element.getSize().getWidth() / 2; int centerY = element.getLocation().getY() + element.getSize().getHeight() / 2; int endX1 = centerX - 100; int endY1 = centerY - 100; int endX2 = centerX + 100; int endY2 = centerY + 100; PointerInput finger1 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger1"); Sequence pinch1 = new Sequence(finger1, 1) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), endX1, endY1)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); PointerInput finger2 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger2"); Sequence pinch2 = new Sequence(finger2, 1) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), endX2, endY2)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Arrays.asList(pinch1, pinch2)); }PinchingPinching involves bringing two fingers together on the screen, while zooming involves spreading them apart. Appium handles these multi-touch gestures by specifying the touch points and their movements, giving you precise control over the interactions. Calculate the center coordinates (centerX, centerY)of the element. Define end coordinates for the pinch gesture (endX1, endY1, endX2, endY2). Create the first finger input sequence pinch1to: - Move to the center of the element. - Press down. - Move to the end coordinates over 600 ms. - Lift up the finger. Create the seond finger input sequence pinch2 to: - Move to the center of the element. - Press down. - Move to the end coordinates over 600 ms. - Lift up the finger. Execute both sequences simultaneously to perform the pinch gesture.Simulating a Zoom OutPerform a zoom out gesture by reversing the pinch gesture:Gesture: Zoom Outpublic void zoomOut(WebElement element) { int centerX = element.getLocation().getX() + element.getSize().getWidth() / 2; int centerY = element.getLocation().getY() + element.getSize().getHeight() / 2; int startX1 = centerX - 100; int startY1 = centerY - 100; int startX2 = centerX + 100; int startY2 = centerY + 100; PointerInput finger1 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger1"); Sequence pinchIn1 = new Sequence(finger1, 1) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), startX1, startY1)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger1.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger1.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); PointerInput finger2 = new PointerInput(PointerInput.Kind.TOUCH, "finger2"); Sequence pinchIn2 = new Sequence(finger2, 1) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ZERO, PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), startX2, startY2)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerDown(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())) .addAction(finger2.createPointerMove(Duration.ofMillis(600), PointerInput.Origin.viewport(), centerX, centerY)) .addAction(finger2.createPointerUp(PointerInput.MouseButton.LEFT.asArg())); driver.perform(Arrays.asList(pinchIn1, pinchIn2)); }ZoomingPinching involves bringing two fingers together on the screen, while zooming involves spreading them apart. Appium handles these multi-touch gestures by specifying the touch points and their movements, giving you precise control over the interactions. Calculate the center coordinates of the element. Define starting points for two touch actions, positioned diagonally around the center. Create a touch action sequence for the first finger, moving from the starting point to the center. Create a touch action sequence for the second finger, moving from the starting point to the center. Execute both sequences simultaneously to perform the pinch-in gesture.ConclusionIncorporating gesture actions into your Appium tests enhances functionality and verifies a seamless user experience. By simulating real user gestures, you can uncover issues that traditional testing may miss, leading to a more robust and user-friendly app.Whether you’re testing a simple or complex app, mastering these gestures will improve your testing outcomes. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Capturing Screenshots and Logs in Appium. Capturing Screenshots and Logs In Appium Capturing screenshots and logs during your tests is crucial for diagnosing issues, verifying UI elements, and ensuring your app behaves as expected. Screenshots provide visual evidence, while logs offer detailed information about the app’s behavior, network requests, errors, and more.Create New Utils ClassLet’s begin by creating a new Utils class, which will be instrumental in managing your screenshot captures and logging methods. To start, navigate to your project and create a new class within the com.helpers package, or alternatively, any directory that suits your organizational preferences. Creating A New Utils ClassUtils.classpackage com.helpers; import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType; import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogEntry; import org.openqa.selenium.io.FileHandler; import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogEntries; import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogType;Capturing ScreenshotsTo capture screenshots in Appium using Java, you can use the getScreenshotAs method. Utils.classpublic class Utils { public static void captureScreenshot(WebDriver driver, String fileName) { File srcFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); try { FileHandler.copy(srcFile, new File("./target/screenshots/" + fileName + ".png")); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } It’s important to organize your project structure effectively. To achieve this, we’ll create a dedicated /screenshots directory within the target folder of your project. This organization ensures that all screenshots are stored in a centralized location, making them easy to locate and manage. Creating A New Screenshots Directory For instance, when you capture a screenshot during the automation process, you can save it in this newly created directory. To maintain clarity and avoid confusion, it's essential to give each screenshot file a descriptive name. In this particular example, we will name the screenshot file add_new_task_screen.In this particular example, we will name the screenshot file add_new_task_screen. This naming convention not only helps in identifying the context of the screenshot quickly but also enhances the overall readability and maintainability of your test reports.Call this method in your test script where you want to capture the screenshot: Test: clickingAddTaskButton()@Test public void clickingAddTaskButton() throws InterruptedException { // Add test case scenario here WebElement addTaskButton = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/fab")); addTaskButton.click(); // quick debug wait for 2 seconds Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement addTaskTitle = driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.todoapp:id/titleEditText")); Assert.assertTrue(addTaskTitle.isDisplayed(), "User is on the Add Task Details Screen"); Utils.captureScreenshot(driver, "add_new_task_screen"); driver.navigate().back(); Thread.sleep(1000); }When executing your script in Appium, the captured screenshot is stored in the /target/screenshot/ directory. To view the newly captured screenshot, you will need to refresh your project. Once refreshed, the file named add_new_task_screen will appear in the screenshots directory. This step is crucial for verifying that your automation scripts are correctly capturing the visual output you expect. GIF: Reviewing Screenshot Image After Executing TestCapturing LogsTo capture logs in Appium using Java, you can use the getLog method. Here’s how:Test: captureLogs()public static void captureLogs(WebDriver driver) { LogEntries logEntries = driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.BROWSER); for (LogEntry entry : logEntries) { System.out.println(entry.getMessage()); } }Call this method in your test script to capture and print the logs: JavaUtils.captureLogs(driver);Troubleshooting Permission Issues: Ensure your script has write permissions to the directory where screenshots and logs are saved. Driver Compatibility: Make sure the Appium driver versions are compatible with your testing framework and mobile OS. Error Handling: Implement error handling in your scripts to manage exceptions during screenshot or log capture.Best Practices Organize Screenshots: Save screenshots with meaningful names and organize them in folders based on test cases or test runs. Log Levels: Use different log levels (e.g. INFO, DEBUG, ERROR) to filter logs effectively. Automate Log Analysis: Consider automating log analysis to highlight errors or warnings. Periodic Captures: Capture screenshots and logs periodically during long test runs to monitor app behavior over time.ConclusionBy now, you should know how to capture screenshots and logs during your Appium test executions. This knowledge will significantly enhance your ability to debug and report on your tests. Continue honing your skills and exploring more advanced topics in Appium and QA testing. Happy testing!
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Cucumber (Gherkin) Official Docs Discover more about Cucumber, the powerful tool for Behavior-Driven Development (BDD). To learn more, visit the official Cucumber Website, where you can explore its features, documentation, and resources. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles Introduction to Cucumber and Gherkin Setting Up Cucumber in Your Project Writing Your First Gherkin Feature File Scenario Outlines and Examples Implementing Step Definitions Understanding Cucumber Tags Understanding Cucumber Hooks Running Cucumber Tests & Generating Reports Introduction to Cucumber and Gherkin Welcome to Mastering QA! In this guide, we’ll introduce you to Cucumber and Gherkin, two powerful tools that revolutionize Behavior-Driven Development (BDD). Understanding these tools will provide a strong foundation for writing and automating your tests effectively.What is Cucumber?Cucumber is an open-source BDD framework that simplifies the process of defining and executing tests. It encourages collaboration between technical and non-technical team members, fostering better communication and understanding of software requirements.What is Gherkin?Gherkin is a human-readable language used to write Cucumber scenarios. It’s designed to be simple, easy to understand, and accessible to non-developers. Gherkin acts as the bridge between plain text descriptions of software behaviors and the automation code that validates those behaviors.Feature FilesFeature files are where Gherkin shines. These text files have a .feature extension and contain high-level descriptions of software features or functionalities. They serve as documentation and test scripts simultaneously.ScenariosScenarios are individual test cases written in Gherkin. They describe a specific behavior or test case, typically following a Given-When-Then structure. For example:Scenario: home-screen.featureFeature: Home Screen - Verify Web App Navigation Menu Links Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayed 1 Given 2 When 3 Then This keyword sets the stage for the scenario by describing the initial context or preconditions. It establishes the state of the system before the action occurs.This keyword defines the action or event that triggers the scenario. It represents the user's interaction with the system or the event that takes place.This keyword outlines the expected outcome or result after the action is performed. It specifies what should happen as a result of the interaction, allowing for validation of the scenario. Step DefinitionsStep definitions are the automation code that executes the steps in Gherkin scenarios.Step Defintionspublic class HomeStepDefs { public WebDriver driver = Hooks.driver; @Given("the user is on the home screen") public void the_user_is_on_the_home_screen() throws InterruptedException { // logic goes here } @When("the user clicks the {string} icon") public void the_user_clicks_the_icon(String iconName) { // logic goes here } @Then("the {string} screen is displayed") public void the_screen_is_displayed(String screenName) { // logic goes here } @When("the user clicks the {string} link") public void the_user_clicks_the_link(String linkName) { // logic goes here } }Benefits of Cucumber and Gherkin Improved Collaboration: Cucumber and Gherkin facilitate effective communication between technical and non-technical team members, leading to better software understanding. Reusable Steps: Gherkin steps can be reused across multiple scenarios, reducing redundancy and maintenance efforts. Living Documentation: Feature files serve as living documentation that stays up-to-date with your application's behavior. Automation: Cucumber allows you to automate tests based on Gherkin scenarios, making it easier to validate software functionality.ConclusionNow that you have a basic understanding of Cucumber and Gherkin, it’s time to Set Up Cucumber in Your Project. Setting Up Cucumber in Your Project In this guide, we’ll walk you through the essential steps to set up Cucumber in a Java project. Proper setup is crucial for ensuring a smooth workflow for your Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) testing. By following this guide, you’ll be well on your way!Prerequisites Java Development Kit (JDK) installed. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Eclipse. Maven for dependency management.Create a New Maven ProjectTo embark on your journey with a Cucumber Gherkin project, the first step is to create a new Maven project. If you’re unfamiliar with setting up a Maven project, don’t worry. Our guide here on How To Create A New Maven Project in Eclipse, will walk you through the process step by step.Once your Maven project is successfully set up, the next crucial task is to add the core Maven dependencies required for your Cucumber Gherkin project. Head over to your pom.xml file and these between your dependencies tag. Adding Dependencies To pom.xmlpom.xml<!-- Selenium Java --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.20.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Cucumber Java --> <dependency> <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId> <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId> <version>7.11.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Cucumber JUnit --> <dependency> <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId> <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId> <version>7.11.0</version> </dependency> <!-- JUnit 4 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Extent Reports Cucumber Adapter --> <dependency> <groupId>tech.grasshopper</groupId> <artifactId>extentreports-cucumber7-adapter</artifactId> <version>1.14.0</version> </dependency> <!-- Extent Reports --> <dependency> <groupId>com.aventstack</groupId> <artifactId>extentreports</artifactId> <version>5.1.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Commons IO --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.11.0</version> </dependency>Organizing Your Project Structure Now that we have our project created, let’s set up our base folders and directories. To get started, we’ll need to create a few specific folders. In this guide we’ll be incorporating the com.kicksapp package in our project to keep our files organize. Organizing Cucumber Project com/kicksapp/runners - This folder is where our test runner files will be stored. These files are essential for executing our test suites. com/kicksapp/stepdefs - Here, we'll keep our test step definitions. This organization helps in managing the steps involved in our tests, making them easy to locate and modify. src/test/resources/driver - This is the designated folder for our driver files. For this project, we'll be using Chromedriver. Ensuring the driver is in the right place helps in seamless test execution. src/test/resources/features - Most importantly, this folder will store our feature files. Feature files are the cornerstone of our behavior-driven development (BDD) approach, outlining the scenarios and behaviors our application should exhibit. Tip: Naming Your Package DirectoryYou can choose to keep you package as simple as src/test/java/runners or src/test/java/stepdefs. However in this guide We’ll be using the com/kicksapp/… package.Downloading the Cucumber Plugin for EclipseOnce we have these packages and folders set up, the next step is to download the Cucumber plugin for Eclipse. This plugin is essential for integrating Cucumber with Eclipse, providing a robust environment for running and managing our BDD tests.Navigate to the top menu and click on Help . From the dropdown menu, select Eclipse Marketplace… Installing Cucumber Plugin From The Eclipse Marketplace Search for Cucumber: In the Eclipse Marketplace window, use the search bar to type in [direction]"Cucumber"[/direction]. Press Enter to view the search results. Install the Cucumber Plugin: Locate the Cucumber plugin from the list of results. Click the [direction]Install[/direction] button next to the Cucumber plugin entry. Follow the prompts to complete the installation process. Restart Eclipse: Once the installation is finished, you will be prompted to restart Eclipse. Click [direction]Restart Now[/direction] to apply the changes.ConclusionOrganizing your project with these folders ensures a streamlined process where each component of your testing framework is easily accessible. This setup not only enhances productivity but also aligns with best practices in test automation, making it easier to scale and maintain your tests.Now you’re ready to Write Your First Gherkin Feature File. Continue to the next guide to dive into writing Gherkin scenarios. Writing Your First Gherkin Feature File Now that you have Cucumber set up in your project, it’s time to write your first Gherkin feature file. This guide will help you create a feature file and define scenarios using Gherkin syntax.Gherkin feature files are written with the .feature extension and contain a structured language with keywords like Feature, Scenario, Given, When, Then, And, and But. Let’s write a simple feature file for a checking the navigation on the Kicks Web App functionality. Kicks App | Flutter WebCreating a Feature FileFirst, navigate to your project’sfeaturesdirectory. This is where all your feature files will reside. To get started with our scenarios, we need to create a new file. Create a file named home-screen.feature inside the features directory. Creating The Home Screen Feature FilePath: home-screen.featuresrc/test/resources/features/home-screen.featureBy creating the home-screen.feature file, we establish a dedicated space for our home screen scenarios. This approach not only helps in organizing our tests but also makes it easier to locate and update them as needed.Write a Feature Scenario Ensuring a seamless user experience starts with verifying that all navigation links on the home screen function as expected. Below we are going test a few test cases related to the navigation menu.home-screen.feature# Author: J Richard | Mastering QA Feature: Home Screen - Verify Web App Navigation Menu Links Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayed Scenario: Click the Products link Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "Products" link Then the "Products" screen is displayed Home Screen Feature File ScenariosUnderstanding Gherkin Syntax Feature: Provides a detailed overview of the feature being tested, outlining its purpose and functionality. Scenario: Specifies a particular test case for the feature, illustrating a unique situation to validate its performance. Given: Establishes the initial conditions and context necessary for the test to proceed, ensuring a proper setup. When: Captures the specific actions taken by the user during the test, detailing the interactions that trigger the functionality. Then: Articulates the expected results of the test, defining the criteria for success and the desired behavior of the feature. Given the user is on the home screenThis step sets the initial context. It assumes the user has already landed on the home screen of the web application. When the user clicks the "login" icon This action step simulates the user clicking on the login icon, which is expected to take them to the login screen. Then the "Login" screen is displayedThe final step verifies the outcome, ensuring that clicking the login icon indeed navigates the user to the login screen. Click the Products Link TestThe second scenario is pretty much similar but in this case we will be clicking the products link and verifying that we landed there successfully.ConclusionYou’ve written your first Gherkin feature file. Next, you’ll learn how about Scenario Outlines and Examples. Continue to the next guide to explore step definitions. Scenario Outlines and Examples In this guide, you’ll learn how to use scenario outlines and examples to write more dynamic and data-driven tests. This allows you to test multiple cases with different inputs and expected outcomes efficiently.What is a Scenario Outline? A Scenario Outline is a template for a scenario that can be run multiple times with different sets of data. It is useful when you want to test the same scenario with different inputs and expected outcomes. This helps in reducing redundancy and improving the readability and maintainability of your test suite.Syntax of Scenario OutlineThe syntax of a Scenario Outline in Gherkin is as follows:GherkinScenario Outline: Title of the scenario Given some precondition When some action is performed Then some expected outcome should happen Examples: | parameter1 | parameter2 | | value1 | value2 | | value3 | value4 | Scenario Outline: This keyword establishes a scenario template that allows for the reuse of the same test steps with varying data inputs, streamlining the testing process. Examples: This section specifies the various sets of data that will be used to fill in the placeholders defined in the Scenario Outline, enabling comprehensive testing of multiple scenarios efficiently.Using Examples in Scenario Outline The Examples section contains a table where each row represents a different set of values to be used in the scenario. The values from the table are substituted into the scenario outline, and the scenario is run once for each row. Cucumber Scenario Outline ExampleConsider a scenario where we want to test the products filter functionality of the Kicks website with different filters and verifying the item counts. This involves simulating user actions on the website to ensure that the filters for products work as expected.GherkinFeature: Products Page Filters & Stock Count Scenario Outline: User clicks product filter, choose a gender option and verify item count Given the user is on the products screen When the user clicks "<filter>" filter option And the user clicks the "<gender>" gender option And the user clicks a "<size>" shoe Then the first sneaker option is "<first_sneaker>" And the result is now "<item_count>" Examples: | filter | gender | size | first_sneaker | item_count | | Most popular | Male | 10.5 | Adidas Converse | 7 items | | Lowest price | Female | 6 | New Balance Streetwear | 13 items | | Highest price | Male | 9.5 | Jordan Orginal | 9 items | | Newest | Female | 7 | Nike Air Max 360 | 14 items |This feature focuses on verifying that the product filters on the Kicks website are working correctly. It includes tests for various filters such as Most popular, Lowest price, Highest price, and Newest to ensure they return the correct item count. Given the user is on the products screenThis step sets the initial condition that the user is on the products page of the website. When the user clicks "<filter>" filter optionThis action simulates the user clicking on a specific filter option, such as Most popular or Lowest price. And the user clicks the "<gender>" gender optionThis action simulates the user selecting a gender filter, such as Male or Female. And the user clicks a "<size>" shoeThis action simulates the user selecting a shoe size, such as 10.5 or 6. Then the first sneaker option is "<first_sneaker>"This step verifies that the first sneaker displayed matches the expected sneaker for the given filter. And the result is now "<item_count>"This step verifies that the total number of items displayed matches the expected item count.ConclusionGherkin Scenario Outlines are essential for enhancing clarity and efficiency in your behavior-driven development (BDD) process. They allow for reusable scenarios with varying inputs, simplifying test case creation and promoting collaboration among team members. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Implementing Step Definitions, where we’ll connect your Gherkin scenarios to executable code. Implementing Step Definitions Now is the time to create and implement our Step Definition Class in Cucumber. This critical step will ensure our test automation framework is robust and efficient. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of setting up your Step Definition Class, specifically focusing on creating a file to store your HomeStepDefs file within your project.Setting Up Your Step Definition ClassTo begin, navigate to the appropriate location in your project directory where you want to store your Step Definition files. It’s essential to keep your project well-organized, making it easier to maintain and scale as needed. In this case we’ll be storing our files in this location – src/test/java/com/kicksapp/stepDefs Cucumber Step Definitions Directory IDE: Launch Eclipse and open your project to get started on your Gherkin test definitions. Directory: Navigate to the src/test/java/com/kicksapp/stepDefs/ directory, where your step definitions will be organized. Create a New File: In the stepDefs directory, right-click and choose [direction]New File[/direction] to create a new file named HomeStepDefs.java, which will house your Gherkin step definitions for the Home feature.HomeStepDefssrc/test/java/kicksapp/stepDefs/HomeStepDefs.javaConvert Project to A Cucumber ProjectRight-click on your project and select Configure Convert to Cucumber Project . This set is necessary so we can generate our gherkin snippets. Converting Project To A Cucumber ProjectGenerate Gherkin Method SnippetsTo generate the necessary Gherkin method snippets, run the home-screen.feature file: Run Feature File: Right-click on the home-screen.feature file and select [direction] Run As > Cucumber Feature[/direction]. Review Snippets: Eclipse will execute the feature file, and if any step definitions are missing, it will generate method snippets for you. Copy these snippets into your HomeStepDefs.java class. Gherkin Generated Sample SnippetsGherkin Method Snippets@Given("the user is on the home screen") public void the_user_is_on_the_home_screen() { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); } @When("the user clicks the {string} icon") public void the_user_clicks_the_icon(String string) { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); } @Then("the {string} screen is displayed") public void the_screen_is_displayed(String string) { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); } @When("the user clicks the {string} link") public void the_user_clicks_the_link(String string) { // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions throw new io.cucumber.java.PendingException(); }Now that we have our snippets, it’s time to add the necessary logic to each method to complete our HomeStepDefs class. This step is crucial as it bridges the gap between our feature files written in Gherkin and the actual automation code that interacts with our web application.In the HomeStepDefs class, we initialize a WebDriver instance through the Hooks class, ensuring a consistent browser session. The testUrl variable holds the URL of our web application, setting the stage for user interaction scenarios.HomeStepDefs – WebDriverpublic class HomeStepDefs { public WebDriver driver = Hooks.driver; private final String testUrl = "https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/";Navigating to the Home ScreenThe first step is to navigate the user to the home screen. Using the @Given annotation, we define the method the_user_is_on_the_home_screen. This method directs the browser to the specified URL and pauses for 2 seconds to ensure the page is fully loaded. Kicks App | Home Screen@Given@Given("the user is on the home screen") public void the_user_is_on_the_home_screen() throws InterruptedException { driver.get(testUrl); Utils.wait(2); }Interacting with IconsNext, we manage user interactions with icons on the home screen. The @When annotation is used to define the method the_user_clicks_the_icon. This method receives an icon name as a parameter, locates the corresponding icon using a CSS selector, and performs a click action. Find & Click The Login Icon@When@When("the user clicks the {string} icon") public void the_user_clicks_the_icon(String iconName) { try { switch(iconName.toLowerCase()) { case "login": { WebElement loginIcon = driver.findElement( By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"login-icon\"]")); loginIcon.click(); Utils.wait(2); break; } default: System.err.println("The icon called '" + iconName + "' was not found. Try again."); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }Verifying Screen DisplaysAfter interacting with icons, it’s essential to verify that the correct screen is displayed. The @Then annotation defines the method the_screen_is_displayed, which checks for the presence of the Sign In button on the login screen to confirm successful navigation. Verify That The Sign In Button Exist Verifying That The Product Page Is Displayed@Then@Then("the {string} screen is displayed") public void the_screen_is_displayed(String screenName) { try { switch(screenName.toLowerCase()) { case "login": { WebElement loginSignInButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Sign In\"]")); assert loginSignInButton.isDisplayed(); Utils.wait(2); break; } case "products": { WebElement filterMostPopular = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Most popular\"]")); assert filterMostPopular.isDisplayed(); Utils.wait(2); break; } default: System.err.println("The screen named '" + screenName + "' was not found. Try again."); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }Navigating via LinksLastly, we enable users to click on various links within the application. The @When annotation is used again to define the method the_user_clicks_the_link, which handles click actions for specified links. Tip: Navigating LinksThis method is related to the second scenario, where we click on the Products link and verify that we’re on he Products screen. User Clicks The Products Link@When@When("the user clicks the {string} link") public void the_user_clicks_the_link(String linkName) { try { switch(linkName.toLowerCase()) { case "products": { WebElement productsNavLink = driver.findElement( By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Products\"]")); productsNavLink.click(); Utils.wait(2); break; } default: System.err.println("The link named '" + linkName + "' was not found. Try again."); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } Tip: HomeStepDefsBy integrating these methods into our HomeStepDefs class, each method is crafted to handle specific interactions and verifications, making our tests both comprehensive and easy to understand.ConclusionNow that we have a solid grasp of creating and managing step definitions, it’s time to elevate our Cucumber skills further. In next guide, we’ll delve into Understanding Cucumber Tags, a powerful feature that can enhance the flexibility and efficiency of your testing framework. Understanding Cucumber Tags In this guide, you’ll learn how to use Cucumber tags and hooks to organize and manage your tests efficiently. Tags allow you to categorize your scenarios, and hooks provide a way to run code before or after scenarios.Tags in CucumberTags are a way to organize and control the execution of your tests. They allow you to group scenarios, features, or even specific steps, making it easier to manage large test suites. Tags are prefixed with @ and placed above the relevant Gherkin keyword. Single TagA single tag, such as @smoketest or @ignore, is used to label a specific test scenario. For instance, @smoketest indicates a basic test run to check the essential functionality, while @ignore is used to exclude certain tests from execution.Single Tag: @smoketest | @ignore@smoketest Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayed @ignore Scenario: Click the Products link Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "Products" link Then the "Products" screen is displayedMultiple TagsMultiple tags, like @smoketest @critical, combine multiple categories, providing a more granular control over which tests to run. This combination might be used to run tests that are both part of the smoke test suite and critical for the application, ensuring that key functionalities are validated promptly.Multiple Tags: @smoketest @critical@smoketest @critical Scenario: Click the Login Icon Given the user is on the home screen When the user clicks the "login" icon Then the "Login" screen is displayedCreating a Test RunnerCreate a test runner class in the src/test/java/com/kicksapp/runners directory. We’re going to name this class HomeScreenRunner. Creating Home Screen Runner FileRunning Tests with TagsTo run tests with specific tags, use the @RunWithand @CucumberOptions annotations in your test runner class.The @CucumberOptions annotation is where you configure various aspects of your Cucumber tests. Here’s a breakdown of the options used in the snippet: Cucumber Runner File With OptionsHomeScreenRunner.classimport org.junit.runner.RunWith; import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber; import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions; @RunWith(Cucumber.class) @CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true ) public class HomeScreenRunner { }features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature": This specifies the path to the feature files. Feature files contain scenarios written in Gherkin language, which Cucumber executes.glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs": This option specifies the package where step definition methods are located. Step definitions are the actual code implementations of the steps described in the feature files.tags = "@smoketest": Tags are used to filter which tests to run. In this case, only the scenarios tagged with @smoketest will be executed.plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}: This specifies the reporting plugins to use. The html plugin generates a simple html test report.monochrome = true: This option makes the console output more readable by removing unnecessary characters and colors.Tag ExpressionsCucumber supports tag expressions to combine multiple tags using logical operators: AND The AND operator in Cucumber tag expressions is used to run scenarios that are tagged with multiple tags simultaneously. For instance, consider the tags @login and @critical. By using the expression @login and @critical, Cucumber will execute only those scenarios that are tagged with both @login and @critical. This is particularly useful when you need to focus on tests that are both essential and pertain to specific functionalities.Tags: AND@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@login and @critical", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true ) OR The OR operator broadens the scope by running scenarios that match any of the specified tags. For example, using @moketest or @critical will run all scenarios tagged with either @smoketest or @critical. This approach is beneficial when you want to cover a broader range of tests without being too restrictive, ensuring that all relevant functionalities are tested.Tags: OR@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@smoketest or @critcal", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true ) NOT The NOT operator is employed to exclude specific tags from the test run. For example, the expression not @ignore will execute all scenarios except those tagged with @ignore. This is especially useful for excluding tests that are either known to fail, are under development, or are not currently relevant to the test cycle.Tags: NOT@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features/home-screen.feature", glue = "com.kicksapp.stepdefs", tags = "@smoketest and not @ignore", plugin = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true )ConclusionYou’ve mastered the art of using tags. Tags allow you to categorize your scenarios, making it easier to run specific tests based on your needs. Whether you’re focusing on a particular feature or running regression tests, tags streamline the process, saving you valuable time.Now that you are comfortable with tags, it’s time to start Understanding Cucumber Hooks. Understanding Cucumber Hooks In this guide, you’ll learn how to use Cucumber hooks to streamline your testing process and make your scenarios more efficient. Cucumber hooks are blocks of code that run at various points in the Cucumber test cycle, allowing you to set up and tear down the test environment, manipulate data, and configure test settings dynamically. By mastering hooks, you can enhance your test suite’s maintainability and readability, ensuring that your tests run smoothly and reliably.Hooks in CucumberHooks are special blocks of code that run at specific points in the test execution lifecycle. They allow you to set up preconditions and postconditions for your tests. In Cucumber, hooks are defined using the @Before and @After annotations.Types of HooksBefore HookThe @Before hook, as the name suggests, runs before each scenario. This means that any code you include in a @Before hook will execute before your test case starts. This is essential for preparing the test environment, ensuring that each test runs in a clean and consistent state. For instance, you might want to launch a browser, navigate to a specific URL, or initialize test data.@Before Hookpublic class Hooks { public static WebDriver driver; @Before public void setup() { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10)); driver.manage().window().maximize(); }After HookAmong the different types of hooks, the @After hook plays a crucial role in ensuring your test scenarios are executed smoothly and efficiently. Specifically, the @After hook runs after each scenario, providing a perfect opportunity to perform cleanup tasks, release resources, or log information that helps in debugging and analysis.@After Hook@After public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { driver.quit(); driver = null; }BeforeStepThe @BeforeStep hook, as its name suggests, runs before each individual step in your test scenarios. This hook can be particularly useful for setting up preconditions or performing repetitive tasks that need to be executed before every step.@BeforeStep Hook@BeforeStep public void beforeStep(Scenario scenario) { System.out.println("About to execute step: " + scenario.getName()); }AfterStepThe @AfterStep hook in Cucumber is designed to run a block of code after every single step of your test scenario. This capability is essential for tasks such as taking screenshots after each step to help with debugging or logging detailed information about the execution of each step. Implementing the @AfterStep hook can significantly enhance the visibility and traceability of your tests, making it easier to identify where an issue occurred if a test fails.@AfterStep Hook@AfterStep public void afterStep(Scenario scenario) { Utils.wait(3); final byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES); scenario.attach(screenshot, "image/png", "image"); }Conditional Hooks To further refine and control the execution of hooks, Cucumber provides the feature of conditional hooks with tags. Tags in Cucumber are metadata assigned to scenarios or feature files, and they can be used to conditionally apply hooks. For instance, if you have specific setup or teardown procedures that should only run for certain tests, you can tag those tests accordingly and define hooks that only trigger for those tags.Conditional Tagsimport io.cucumber.java.Before; import io.cucumber.java.After; public class Hooks { @Before("@login") public void beforeLogin() { // Code to run before scenarios tagged with @login } @After("@logout") public void afterLogout() { // Code to run after scenarios tagged with @logout } }ConclusionIncorporating hooks into your Cucumber tests is a powerful way to maintain a stable test environment, enhancing the overall reliability of your test suite. With hooks, you gain precise control over your test execution process, ensuring each scenario begins and ends in a consistent state. This mastery can lead to more trustworthy and efficient testing, ultimately contributing to higher quality software. Now that you are comfortable with tags and hooks, it’s time to start Running Your Cucumber Tests & Generating Reports. Running Cucumber Tests & Generating Reports Setting up Hooks and Tags in Cucumber is just the beginning of efficient test automation. Once your environment is configured, the next step is to explore the various methods available for executing your Cucumber scripts.Each method has its unique advantages and use cases. In this guide, we will delve into three primary ways to run your Cucumber tests: The Feature File - This method is ideal for quickly running specific features during development. JUnit Test - This method is suitable for developers looking to perform rapid testing of their scripts with minimal setup. Maven using Terminal - This method is perfect for integrating into continuous integration/continuous deployment.Running as a Cucumber FeatureThe first method to execute your Cucumber script is directly from the feature file. This method is straightforward and does not consider tags. Running As A Cucumber FeatureHow to Execute: Right-click on the feature file and select Run As > Cucumber Feature.Best Use Case: This method is ideal for quickly running specific features during development, allowing you to verify functionality without the need for additional configurations. Running as a Cucumber FeatureThis method does not allow for the use of tags, which can be limiting if you need to run specific subsets of tests.Running as a JUnit TestThe second method involves running your Cucumber scripts using JUnit, which is great for quick testing. Running As A JUnit TestHow to Execute: Open the Runner File and select Run As > JUnit Test.Best Use Case: This method is suitable for testers looking to perform rapid testing of their scripts with minimal setup. Running as a JUnit TestPrimarily used within a local development setup and may not be suitable for larger, continuous integration environments.Configuring Cucumber OptionsOne of the standout features of Cucumber is its ability to integrate with various plugins, which allows users to generate a variety of reports.Common Plugin Options html: This plugin generates a comprehensive HTML report, providing a clear and visually appealing overview of your test results. json: The JSON plugin creates a structured JSON report, offering detailed insights that can be easily integrated into other tools or systems for further analysis. junit: The JUnit plugin produces a standard JUnit XML report, ensuring compatibility with various testing frameworks and continuous integration tools. extents adapter: This plugin generates a visually stunning HTML report with rich formatting and detailed analytics, making it easy to share and present your test outcomes.CucumberOptions@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {}, monochrome = true, )Generating ReportsCucumber can generate various types of reports. The most commonly used are HTML and JSON reports.HTML ReportHTML reports are user-friendly and provide a detailed overview of test scenarios, steps, and their outcomes.HTML Report@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"pretty","html:target/cucumber-reports.html"}, monochrome = true, ) Example: HTML ReportJSON ReportJSON reports are useful for integrating Cucumber test results with other tools, such as CI/CD pipelines or dashboards. These reports provide a structured format that can be easily parsed and processed.JSON Reports@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"pretty","json:target/cucumber-reports.json"} monochrome = true, ) Example: JSON ReportExtent HTML ReportThe ExtentCucumberAdapter plugin is a highly versatile and essential tool for modern test reporting, seamlessly integrating with your testing pipeline to deliver a cutting-edge HTML reporting design. Its interactive, visually appealing format transforms test results into clear and actionable insights, making it indispensable for enhancing the efficiency and transparency of your testing processes.Extent HTML Report@CucumberOptions( features = "src/test/resources/features", glue = "com.masteringqa.stepdefinitions", tags = "@smoketest", plugin = {"com.aventstack.extentreports.cucumber.adapter.ExtentCucumberAdapter:"}, monochrome = true, ) Example: Extent HTML Report Ensure you add the plugin to your runner before proceeding!Once the plugin is added, execute the mvn test command to run your tests. After the tests complete, you can view the detailed report generated by the ExtentsCucumberAdapter. This will also work for Running as a JUnit Test method.Running from Terminal using MavenThe third method is running your scripts from the terminal using the mvn test command with the Surefire plugin, ideal for pipeline integration. In this scenario we’ll use the extents report. Running The Test Using Maven Command in TerminalTerminal: mvn test<plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M5</version> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/HomeScreenRunner.java</include> </includes> </configuration> </plugin> How to Execute: Open your terminal and navigate to your project directory. Use the command: mvn test. Best Use Case: This method is perfect for integrating into continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, ensuring that tests are automatically run as part of the build process. Maven Test Results Example: Extent HTML Report Tip: Initial Setup: Requires Maven and the Surefire plugin to be correctly set up, which may involve additional configuration.ConclusionUnderstanding the various methods to execute your Cucumber scripts is essential for efficient testing and integration into your development workflow. Whether you choose to run scripts directly from the feature file for quick checks, utilize JUnit for structured testing, or integrate with Maven for CI/CD pipelines, each method has its own unique advantages. By leveraging these techniques, you can ensure thorough testing of your application, leading to higher quality software and a more streamlined development process.
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Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator After setting up your Android emulator, the next step is to install and test APK applications on it. This guide will walk you through the process of installing an APK on your emulator.Installing App via Project ViewWith your emulator up and running, it’s time to fire up your app! Go back to Android Studio and click on the green play button in the toolbar or from the menu bar, select Run . Android Studio will build your app and install it on the emulator. Installing App On EmulatorOnce the installation process is complete, your app will automatically launch on the emulator. App Installed SuccessfullyInstalling Your App via APKAnother method to installing an app on your emulator would be through an apk file. To add an apk to your device simply navigate to location of your apk or download an apk file from a trusted source online. For this example I will be using the same apk generated after building the app from the project. Since I’m using Flutter project to build this app, the location of the apk is here App Project build app outputsflutter-apkapp-debug.apk Build Location of the APK FileOnce you locate your apk, simply drag and drop the apk onto the emulator for it to install. Installing APK By Dragging & Dropping On EmulatorConclusionVoila! Your app is now running on the emulator. Take some time to explore its features and functionalities. Click around, interact with different elements, and get a feel for how it behaves. Next, we’ll explore how to use ADB with Android emulators to perform various debugging tasks. Head over to Using ADB with Android Emulators for more insights.
How to Set JAVA HOME Environment Variable on Mac and WindowsSetting the JAVA_HOME and updating the PATH environment variable are crucial steps to ensure Java is configured correctly on your system. This guide will walk you through the process for both Windows and macOS.WindowsStep 1: Determine the Java Installation PathOpen the Command Prompt.Run the following command to determine the Java installation path:cmdCopy codewhere java The command will return the path where Java is installed, usually something like C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-xx.x.x.Step 2: Set JAVA_HOMEOpen the Start Menu and search for “Environment Variables.”Select “Edit the system environment variables.”In the System Properties window, click on the “Environment Variables” button.Under “System variables,” click “New” to create a new environment variable.Set the “Variable name” to JAVA_HOME.Set the “Variable value” to the path of your Java installation (e.g., C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-xx.x.x).Click “OK” to save.Step 3: Update the PATH Environment VariableIn the same Environment Variables window, find the “Path” variable under “System variables” and select it.Click “Edit.”In the Edit Environment Variable window, click “New” and add the following:textCopy code%JAVA_HOME%\bin Click “OK” to save.Step 4: Verify the ConfigurationOpen a new Command Prompt window.Run the following commands to verify that the JAVA_HOME and PATH variables are set correctly:cmdCopy codeecho %JAVA_HOME% java -version You should see the path to your Java installation and the version of Java installed.
Build Tools & Accessibility Articles Maven Gradle Axe WAVE Maven Introduction to Maven How To Create A New Maven Project in EclipseWhen working with automation testing frameworks like Selenium, TestNG, or JUnit, Maven can greatly simplify the management of test dependencies, execution of test cases, and integration with CI tools like Jenkins. By automating these processes, Maven allows teams to maintain consistent testing environments, reduce human error, and speed up the development lifecycle.This guide will walk you through the process of installing Maven on your Mac, enabling you to streamline your automation testing setup and enhance your development workflow.Creating A New Maven Project Open Eclipse IDE: Launch Eclipse IDE on your computer. Click on File in the top menu. Select New from the dropdown menu. Click on Other... to open the wizard window.Select Maven Project In the wizard window, scroll down to find the Maven folder. Expand the Maven folder. Select Maven Project. Click Next.Configure Project Location In the New Maven Project window, you can choose to create a simple project (skip archetype selection) or leave it unchecked to select an archetype. You can also check the option Use default Workspace location or specify a custom location. Click Next.Select An ArchetypeIf you didn’t select to create a simple project, you will be prompted to select an archetype. An archetype is a template for generating a project.By default, maven-archetype-quickstart is a good choice for a simple Java project.Select the archetype maven-archetype-quickstart.Click Next.Define Project PropertiesFill in the Group Id. This is the unique identifier for your project’s group, usually in the form of a domain name (e.g., com.example).Fill in the Artifact Id. This is the name of the jar without version, usually the project’s name.Fill in the Version. The version of the project (e.g., 1.0-SNAPSHOT).Optionally, fill in the Package (e.g., com.example.app). By default, it uses the group ID.Click Finish.Project StructureEclipse will create the Maven project structure in your workspace. The typical structure includes:src/main/java for your Java source files.src/test/java for your test Java files.pom.xml for your Maven Project Object Model configuration file.Add Dependencies to pom.xml fileOpen the pom.xml file to add dependencies, plugins, and other configurations as needed for your project.ConclusionInstalling Maven on your Mac is a straightforward process that brings powerful automation capabilities to your development environment. Whether you’re managing complex automation testing projects or integrating with CI/CD pipelines, Maven is an invaluable tool that enhances efficiency and consistency across your projects. Configuring Maven for Automated Testing Advanced Maven Configurations Gradle Getting Started with Gradle Setting Up and Managing Dependencies in Gradle Creating and Running Test Tasks in Gradle Optimizing Test Builds and Performance with Gradle Advanced Gradle Techniques for CI/CD Integrating Axe with Selenium and Cypress for Accessibility Checks Axe Integrating Axe with Selenium and Cypress for Accessibility Checks Getting Started with Axe for Accessibility Testing How to Run Automated Accessibility Tests Using Axe Using Axe DevTools to Identify and Fix Accessibility Issues Accessibility Test Reporting with Axe WAVE Getting Started with WAVE for Accessibility Testing How to Analyze Web Accessibility Issues Using WAVE WAVE Chrome Extension Advanced Accessibility Audits with WAVE Tool Integrating WAVE into Your Accessibility Testing Workflow
Xcode Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. XCode 5 Topics Getting Started with Xcode Creating and Managing iOS Projects in Xcode Building and Running iOS Apps in Xcode Working with Simulators and Devices in Xcode Debugging iOS Applications with Xcode Tools Read More
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CI/CD & DevOps Tools Articles Jenkins GitHub Actions Bitrise GitLab CircleCI Jenkins Getting Started with Jenkins Setting Up Your First Jenkins Pipeline for Automated Testing Mastering Jenkinsfile for Scalable CI/CD Workflows Integrating Jenkins with Test Automation Frameworks Best Practices for Jenkins in QA DevOps Pipelines GitHub Actions Getting Started with GitHub Actions for CI/CD Testing Creating Automated Test Workflows with GitHub Actions CI/CD Pipeline Optimization Using GitHub Actions Running Selenium and Cypress Tests with GitHub Actions Best Practices for Automation with GitHub Actions Bitrise Getting Started with Bitrise for Mobile CI/CD Testing Automating QA Test Execution with Bitrise Workflows Creating and Managing Mobile CI Pipelines in Bitrise Best Practices for CI/CD in Bitrise for QA and DevOps Teams Integrating Bitrise with Test Reporting and DevOps Tools GitLab Official DocsExplore the official GitLab documentation for everything you need to know about managing projects, collaborating with your team, and automating workflows. Visit the GitLab website for the latest updates and comprehensive guides. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Getting Started with GitLab Getting started with GitLab is the first step toward making collaborative software development a breeze. Whether you’re part of a large development team or a solo developer, GitLab offers an excellent platform for version control and project management. In this guide, we’ll help you understand how to navigate the basics and set up your GitLab environment, so you can start contributing with ease.What is GitLab?GitLab is a complete DevOps platform that provides a single interface for managing code repositories, handling CI/CD pipelines, tracking issues, and collaborating on projects. Unlike traditional source control systems, GitLab integrates multiple functions that streamline software development and quality assurance processes.Creating an AccountBefore diving into the features, let’s begin with creating a GitLab account: Sign Up Screen Sign Up: Visit GitLab and click on [direction]Register now[/direction]. You can enter your details and confirm your email or sign up using your Google Account.Creating Your First RepositoryTo get hands-on experience, follow these steps to create your first repository:Access the Projects Page Projects Tab From the dashboard, click the [direction]Projects[/direction] menu in the top navigation bar. Select [direction]Your projects[/direction] from the dropdown menu to view existing projects or to create a new one.Create a New Project New Project On the Projects page, click the [direction]New project[/direction] button.Create New Project OptionsOn the Create New Project screen, you’ll be presented with several options to kickstart your project: Create Blank Page Create blank project: Start from scratch with an empty project structure. Create from template: Use a pre-configured project template to save time. Import project: Bring in an existing project from another source. Run CI/CD for external repository: Set up GitLab's CI/CD pipeline for an external repository. For this setup guide, we will focus on the Create blank project option to build a project from the ground up.Configure the Project Create New Project Details Screen Project name: Enter a name for your project. Project slug: This will auto-generate based on the project name, but you can customize it. Visibility level: Choose who can view your project:[direction] Private[/direction] : Only you and invited members. [direction] Internal[/direction] : Visible to all logged-in GitLab users. [direction] Public[/direction] : Accessible to anyone, even without a GitLab account.Initialize Repository SettingsIf you want to include a basic setup, check the Initialize repository with a README box.This creates a default README.md file, which is a great starting point. Checking Initialize repository with a README checkboxCreate the Project Click Create New Project Review the settings you’ve configured. Click the [direction]Create project[/direction] button at the bottom of the page. New Project CreatedConclusionGitLab provides a powerful way to manage your code collaboratively. By setting up your GitLab account, creating your first repository, and configuring Git, you’re now well-prepared to start managing and contributing to projects. To take your skills further, explore our next guide on Setting Up GitLab Locally with SSH Setup and unlock even more potential in your development workflow! Setting Up GitLab Locally with SSH Setup Setting up GitLab locally can streamline your workflow and allow you to push and pull code seamlessly from your local machine to your GitLab repository. In this guide, I will walk you through Setting Up GitLab Locally on a Mac with SSH setup. If you already have a new GitLab project created, these steps will help you configure your SSH keys and clone your project locally.By the end of this guide, you will have a fully functional local GitLab setup, allowing you to commit and sync changes effortlessly.Prerequisites for Setting Up GitLab LocallyBefore we dive into the details, ensure you have the following: Mac with Terminal access or Windows with Command Prompt Git installed on your Mac. To check, run: git --version If Git is not installed, install it using Homebrew brew install git A GitLab account and a project created.Setting Up GitLab LocallyGenerate SSH KeysTo securely connect your Mac to your GitLab repository, you need to set up SSH keys. SSH keys help authenticate your system with GitLab without needing a password. Generating SSH Keys in Terminal Open the Terminal on your Mac. Run the following command to generate a new SSH key pair: ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com" Replace your_email@example.com with your GitLab account email. Press Enter to accept the default file location for the SSH key: /Users/yourusername/.ssh/id_ed25519 When prompted, set a passphrase for added security, or press Enter to leave it blank. Public Key Created New Files GeneratedThis generates two files, id_ed25519 (private key) and id_ed25519.pub (public key) Keygen Files LocationAdd Your SSH Key to the SSH AgentTo ensure GitLab uses the SSH key, add it to the SSH agent: Adding SSH Key To Agent Start the SSH agent by running: eval "$(ssh-agent -s)" Add your SSH private key to the agent: ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519Add SSH Key to GitLabNow that you have generated an SSH key, it needs to be added to your GitLab account: Generate SSH Key For GitLab No SSH Keys In GitLab Copy your public SSH key by running: cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub This will display the key in the terminal. Copy the entire key. Log in to your GitLab account and navigate to [direction]User Settings > SSH Keys[/direction]. Paste the copied key into the Key field and give it a title. Click [direction]Add Key[/direction]. Adding SSH Key in GitLab SSH Keys SSH Key Added SuccessfullyClone Your GitLab Repository LocallyWith SSH configured, it’s time to clone your project to your local machine. Clone Project Using SSH Key Command In your GitLab repository, click the Clone button and copy the SSH link (it looks like git@gitlab.com:username/project-name.git). Open Terminal and navigate to the directory where you want the project: cd ~/Projects Use the git clone command to clone the repository: git clone git@gitlab.com:username/project-name.git Replace username and project-name with your actual GitLab username and project name. Once the repository is cloned, navigate into the project folder: cd project-name Cloning Project Via SSH Locally Project Available LocallyVerify Your SetupTo ensure everything is set up correctly, run the following commands: 1 Connect with Remote Origin 2 Test SSH 3 Test Commit Check the remote origin, cd to the cloned git project git remote -vYou should see the SSH URL of your GitLab repository.[caption id="attachment_20933" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] GitLab Verify Connection[/caption]Test your SSH connection to GitLab ssh -T git@gitlab.comIf everything is configured correctly, you will see a message like:Welcome to GitLab, @username![caption id="attachment_20941" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Testing SSH via Termnial[/caption]Create a new file in the repository:touch testfile.txtAdd text to file: echo Congrats on creating and pushing your first commit file! > testfile.txtAdd the file:git add testfile.txtCommit the file:git commit -m "Committing test file from local to main"Push the changes:git push origin mainReplace main with your branch name if it differs.[caption id="attachment_20948" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Testing The Commit Via Termnial[/caption] New TestFile.txt Pushed to ProjectConclusionBy following the steps in this guide, you’ve successfully completed Setting Up GitLab Locally on your Mac with SSH setup. Your local environment is now connected to your GitLab repository, making it easy to push and pull code changes securely. With SSH configured, you no longer need to enter your credentials every time, saving you time and effort.Now that your setup is complete, you can focus on coding and collaborating with your team seamlessly. If you encounter any issues, ensure your SSH keys are correctly added to GitLab and your system. Ready to take the next step? Dive into our guide on Managing Projects in GitLab to explore how to organize and collaborate on your projects effectively! Managing Projects in GitLab When it comes to modern software development, Managing Projects in GitLab is a crucial skill for developers, QA testers, and teams aiming to enhance productivity and collaboration. GitLab, a web-based DevOps platform, simplifies project creation, management, and version control. In this guide, I’ll walk you through how to manage projects effectively in GitLab, empowering your team to maximize its potential. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, you’ll find actionable insights and best practices here.Managing Projects in GitLabGitLab is more than a version control system. Its robust project management tools allow teams to coordinate effectively, handle tasks, and track progress. Let’s explore key management functionalities:Setting Up PermissionsProperly configuring user permissions is essential for ensuring each team member has the right level of access without compromising project integrity. Here’s how you can set these permissions:Navigate to Your Project’s SettingsSign in to GitLab and open the project you want to manage.On the left sidebar, click on Manage and select Members from the dropdown. Manage > MembersAdd or Manage Users Invite membersClick Invite members to add new users by their GitLab username or email.If they’re already listed, locate their name and use the dropdown to adjust their role. Adding New User & Assign A RoleAssign Roles AppropriatelyConsider the responsibilities of each team member and assign the role that best fits their tasks: Various Role Types Guest Reporters Developers Maintainers Owner Access project resources with minimal permissions. They can view issues and project content without making changes.View, comment on issues, and access project analytics. Their role focuses on monitoring and feedback.Push code, create merge requests, and participate in code reviews. They actively contribute to project development.Manage repository settings, CI/CD pipelines, and approve merge requests. They have full control over project configurations. Have full administrative access to the project. They manage user roles, project settings, and overall permissions.Save ChangesAfter assigning roles, click Invite or Update member to apply your changes.Review your updated member list to ensure everyone has the appropriate permissions. By following these steps, you maintain a well-structured permission system that supports collaboration while safeguarding your project’s integrity.Best Practices for Managing Projects Use Clear and Consistent Naming Conventions Establishing a standardized naming convention for projects, branches, and files improves clarity and reduces confusion. A well-structured naming system helps team members quickly identify the purpose, status, or ownership of a project. For example, use prefixes like feature/, bugfix/, or release/ for branches to indicate their function. Consistency across the team ensures seamless collaboration and minimizes errors during project management workflows. Document Everything Thoroughly Comprehensive documentation is essential for effective project management. Start with a well-written README file that outlines:Project Objectives: Clearly state the purpose and goals of the project.Structure: Provide an overview of the project directory and key components.Dependencies: List required tools, libraries, and frameworks, along with setup instructions. Monitor Project Activity Regularly Regularly reviewing project activity helps maintain momentum and identify potential issues early. Utilize tools like the project activity feed, task boards, or Git commit history to:Track progress and ensure tasks are being completed on schedule.Identify bottlenecks or stalled tasks that need attention.Monitor contributions and activity trends to balance workloads across the team.Conclusion Managing Projects in GitLab is essential for any team aiming to leverage GitLab’s powerful features for collaboration, version control, and CI/CD. By following the steps and best practices outlined in this guide, you’ll set up projects that are not only efficient but also scalable. Whether you’re organizing tasks, reviewing code, or deploying applications, GitLab has the tools to streamline your workflows. Next, delve into Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests to learn how to enhance teamwork and streamline code reviews! Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests Merge requests (MRs) are a crucial feature of GitLab that enables collaborative coding. With MRs, team members can review each other’s work, suggest changes, and maintain high code quality. In this guide, we’ll cover the basics of using merge requests for effective collaboration. Creating A New Merge RequestWhat Are Merge Requests?Merge Requests are GitLab’s way of proposing, discussing, and reviewing code changes before integrating them into a main branch. They serve as a hub for collaboration, enabling team members to review code, discuss changes, and approve updates in a structured and traceable manner. MRs are especially valuable in Quality Assurance (QA) testing as they allow early detection of issues through peer reviews and automated testing pipelines.Enhancing Collaboration with Merge RequestsMerge requests encourage open communication between developers, testers, and stakeholders. Using GitLab’s built-in tools, team members can: Review and comment on proposed changes. Discuss implementation challenges or improvements. Add suggestions and resolve conflicts in real time.This transparency ensures that everyone is aligned and that only high-quality code is merged into the main branch. Branch RequirementTo create a Merge Request, ensure your source branch dev or feature and target branch – main are already created. A Merge Request compares changes between these branches.Creating a Merge RequestTo initiate a merge request: New merge request Navigate to the GitLab project repository. Select the branch containing your code changes. Click on the New Merge Request button and set the target branch usually main. Filling Out The MR Details & ExpectationsAdd a detailed title and description to provide context for reviewers, such as the problem solved or new features added.Adding Reviewers and AssigneesGitLab allows you to assign reviewers to ensure accountability. Add teammates with expertise in the relevant codebase or domain to review your merge request. You can also set yourself as the assignee if you’re responsible for overseeing the merge process. Finalizing New Merge Request One New MR Created & NotedUsing Code Review ToolsWithin a merge request, you can: Reviewing MR and Comments Leave inline comments on specific lines of code. Mark discussions as resolved after addressing feedback. Use GitLab's suggestions feature to propose code changes directly within the interface.Merging and ClosingAfter all discussions are resolved and tests pass, you can merge the request. GitLab provides options to: Merging New Merge Requests in Main Squash commits to keep the history clean. Delete the source branch to prevent clutter. Close associated issues automatically. MR Pushed To Main SuccessfullyBest Practices for Merge Requests Communicate Early and Often Engage with reviewers by providing clear context and addressing feedback promptly. Use tags and notifications to keep everyone in the loop. Break Down Changes Avoid creating massive merge requests that are hard to review. Instead, break your work into smaller, manageable chunks for faster approvals. Leverage Templates Use GitLab's merge request templates to standardize descriptions, checklists, and testing requirements across your team. Always Run Tests Automated testing is a must for QA. Ensure that all required tests are configured in your CI/CD pipeline before merging any code.ConclusionCollaborative Coding with Merge Requests is a cornerstone of effective team workflows. By leveraging GitLab’s tools, you can ensure transparent communication, robust code quality, and streamlined testing processes. Whether you’re resolving bugs, introducing features, or refining existing functionality, merge requests create a collaborative environment that supports innovation and quality assurance.Next, explore how to take your collaboration further in our guide on Using GitLab for Code Review to master the art of ensuring high-quality code. Using GitLab for Code Review Code review is an essential process in software development, ensuring quality, consistency, and maintainability. As a QA professional, I’ve found that using GitLab for code review streamlines collaboration, fosters accountability, and enhances the overall development workflow. GitLab, with its built-in code review tools, makes this process not only seamless but also highly effective by integrating directly with version control and CI/CD pipelines. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the steps and best practices for leveraging GitLab for code review, focusing on how you can make the most of its features.Why Code Review MattersBefore diving into the specifics of using GitLab for code review, let’s talk about why code review is crucial. It ensures: Code Quality: Identify and resolve potential bugs or inconsistencies before they make it to production. Knowledge Sharing: Team members can learn from each other’s work, creating a stronger, more cohesive team. Maintainability: Helps ensure the code adheres to standards, making future updates easier. Collaboration: Fosters a collaborative environment where developers and QA teams can discuss improvements.GitLab’s code review system provides tools to support all of these goals effectively.Setting Up for Code Review in GitLabCreating Merge Requests in GitLabThe heart of using GitLab for code review lies in its Merge Requests (MR). Here’s a recap on how to initiate one, the in-dept guide can be found here: Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests Filling Out The MR Details & Expectations Navigate to your GitLab project repository. Create a new branch from the default branch main for your feature or bug fix. After committing your changes, push the branch to GitLab. Open a Merge Request by selecting [direction]Merge Requests[/direction] from the side menu and clicking [direction]New Merge Request[/direction]. Fill in the required details, such as the branch to merge from, the target branch, and a description summarizing your changes.This MR serves as the starting point for a structured code review process.Assigning Reviewers and Setting PermissionsTo ensure an efficient code review process, assign reviewers who have the necessary expertise. In GitLab, you can: Finalizing New Merge Request Assign specific team members as reviewers. Set approval rules to mandate that certain individuals or groups approve the MR before it can be merged. Use code owners to automatically assign reviewers based on file ownership, ensuring that the right people review the right code.Reviewing Code in GitLabOnce a Merge Request is created, reviewers can begin their work. As a QA professional, this is where I focus my efforts: One New MR Created & Noted Accessing the MR: Open the Merge Request from the GitLab dashboard. Viewing Changes: Use the Changes tab to see a side-by-side diff of the new code compared to the base branch. This view highlights additions, deletions, and modifications. Adding Comments: Click on specific lines to leave inline comments. These comments can point out issues, suggest improvements, or ask questions for clarification Discussions Tab: Use this tab to view all comments and discussions in one place, fostering a collaborative environment. Reviewing MR and CommentsLeveraging GitLab Features for Code ReviewGitLab offers several powerful tools to enhance the code review process: Suggestions CI/CD Integration Resolve Discussions Commit Verification Reviewers can make direct suggestions for changes, which the author can apply with a single click.Automated tests and checks run as part of the Merge Request pipeline, providing immediate feedback on potential issues.Mark conversations as resolved to keep track of outstanding issues and avoid duplication.Verify that all changes are signed and compliant with project policies.By taking full advantage of these features, I’ve significantly reduced review times and improved code quality in my projects.Best Practices for Code Review Define a Code Review Checklist A checklist ensures consistency. Some items to include:Adherence to coding standards.Proper test coverage.Logical flow and readability.Removal of unused code or commented-out lines. Foster a Collaborative Environment Encourage open discussions and constructive feedback. GitLab’s inline commenting and discussion threads make this easy. Automate Where Possible Use GitLab’s CI/CD pipelines to catch linting errors, run tests, and ensure code integrity before manual review begins. Timebox Reviews Set a time limit for reviews to prevent bottlenecks. Ideally, reviews should be completed within 24-48 hours.ConclusionUsing GitLab for code review is more than just checking for bugs; it’s about building better software together. By leveraging GitLab’s robust features, defining clear processes, and fostering a culture of collaboration, you can significantly enhance the quality of your projects. Whether you’re a developer, tester, or manager, GitLab empowers you to contribute meaningfully to the code review process, ensuring success at every stage of development. To take your GitLab expertise to the next level, explore our guide on Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD and streamline your development processes even further! Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD Automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD is a game-changer for software development. It eliminates manual processes, ensures consistent deployments, and helps teams focus on building great products. As someone deeply involved in QA testing and workflow optimization, I’ve seen firsthand how GitLab CI/CD can transform productivity and code quality. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the essentials of setting up CI/CD pipelines in GitLab, how to automate workflows, and best practices for success.Why Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD MattersWhat Is GitLab CI/CD? GitLab CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) is a robust system built into GitLab that automates testing, building, and deploying code. It enables teams to collaborate efficiently while ensuring that every piece of code committed to the repository undergoes a series of checks and balances.With GitLab CI/CD, you can: Automate repetitive tasks like code testing, packaging, and deployment. Ensure consistent environments across development, staging, and production. Receive instant feedback on code quality and performance.Benefits of Automation Automation is at the heart of modern DevOps practices. By automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD, teams can: Save time by reducing manual interventions. Improve code quality with consistent testing pipelines. Accelerate deployments to meet tight deadlines. Boost collaboration with clear and transparent processes.Getting Started with GitLab CI/CDSetting Up Your GitLab Project To begin automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD ensure you have a GitLab project set up. Here’s a quick overview: Create or use an existing GitLab repository. If you don’t have one, click on [direction]New Project[/direction] in GitLab and initialize it. Enable GitLab CI/CD. Navigate to your project’s [direction]Settings > CI/CD[/direction] and ensure pipelines are enabled.Writing Your First .gitlab-ci.yml File The .gitlab-ci.yml file is the heart of GitLab CI/CD automation. It defines your pipeline’s stages, jobs, and configurations. Here’s an example to get started: Pipeline Running.gitlab-ci.yml stages: - build - test cache: key: files: - package-lock.json paths: - .npm/ # Moves npm cache inside project per GitLab restrictions build: stage: build image: node:16 script: # Install dependencies - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline # Run your build command (adjust as needed) - npm run build artifacts: paths: - dist/ test: stage: test image: cypress/browsers:node-20.9.0-chrome-118.0.5993.88-1-ff-118.0.2-edge-118.0.2088.46-1 parallel: 2 script: # Install dependencies - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline # Run Cypress tests in parallel, record to Cypress Dashboard # Adjust specs as needed; passing --spec is optional if you want all tests - npx cypress run --record --key $CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY --parallel --browser chrome --e2e --spec "cypress/e2e/demo.cy.js" artifacts: when: always paths: - cypress/videos - cypress/screenshots expire_in: 1 week Pipeline with two stages: Build & TestEach stage in the file represents a phase of your workflow. For example, the above configuration has two stages: build and test. The jobs within these stages execute specific commands. Pipeline PassedAutomating Workflows with GitLab CI/CDKey Steps for Automating Workflows To fully automate workflows with GitLab CI/CD, follow these steps: Define Clear Stages and Jobs: Organize your workflow into stages such as build, test, and deploy. Use descriptive names for jobs to maintain clarity. Leverage Runners: GitLab uses runners to execute jobs. Runners can be shared or specific to your project. Configure them under [direction]Settings > CI/CD > Runners[/direction]. Integrate with External Tools: Use GitLab integrations to automate additional tasks. For instance, connect with Slack for notifications or Docker for containerized builds.Handling Variables and SecretsEnvironment variables and secrets play a crucial role in automation. GitLab allows you to securely store sensitive information like API keys and passwords in Settings CI/CD Variables . Use these variables in your .gitlab-ci.yml file: Adding A Variable In GitLab CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY Added To GitLab VariablesPassing the CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY in .gitlab-ci.ymlscript: # Install dependencies - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline # Run Cypress tests in parallel, record to Cypress Dashboard # Adjust specs as needed; passing --spec is optional if you want all tests - npx cypress run --record --key $CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY --parallel --browser chrome --e2e --spec "cypress/e2e/demo.cy.js" artifacts: when: always paths: - cypress/videos - cypress/screenshots expire_in: 1 weekTips for Effective Pipelines Keep Pipelines Short and Efficient Avoid long-running jobs by splitting them into smaller tasks. Use Caching Speed up pipelines by caching dependencies and build artifacts. Enable Pipeline Triggers Set up triggers to start pipelines based on events, such as code merges or issue creation. Monitor and OptimizeRegularly monitor pipeline performance using GitLab’s Pipeline Analytics. Identify bottlenecks and optimize jobs for faster execution.Conclusion Automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD is a powerful way to enhance software development efficiency and maintain high-quality standards. By leveraging its features—like pipeline configuration, environment variables, and external integrations—you can create a streamlined process that minimizes errors and maximizes productivity.Start small with a basic .gitlab-ci.yml file and gradually expand your automation efforts. As you become more comfortable, explore advanced features like parallel jobs, scheduled pipelines, and custom runners to further optimize your workflows.By mastering GitLab CI/CD, you’ll not only improve your team’s performance but also ensure the delivery of exceptional software products. CircleCI Getting Started with CircleCI Creating and Managing CI/CD Workflows in CircleCI Optimizing Test Execution and Caching in CircleCI Integrating CircleCI with Automated Frameworks Advanced CircleCI Strategies for Scalable QA Automation
Node JS Articles Introduction to Node.js Advanced Node.js Setup How To Install Node.js On Mac & Windows Guide Introduction to Node.js Advanced Node.js Setup How To Install Node.js On Mac & Windows GuideIn this guide, we will walk through the steps to install Node.js on both Windows and Mac using package installers and Homebrew for Mac.Installing Node.js on WindowsUsing the Node.js InstallerDownload the Installer:Go to the official Node.js download page.Click on the Windows Installer button to download the latest version of Node.js.Run the Installer:Locate the downloaded .msi file and double-click it to launch the installer.Follow the prompts in the Node.js Setup Wizard.Accept the license agreement.Choose the installation directory (default is recommended).Ensure that the “Add to PATH” option is checked. This will allow you to run Node.js from the command line.Complete the Installation:Click the Install button.Wait for the installation to complete.Click the Finish button when the installation is done.Verify the Installation:Open the Command Prompt (search for cmd or Command Prompt in the Start menu).Run the following commands to verify the installation:shCopy codenode -v npm -v You should see the versions of Node.js and npm displayed, confirming the successful installation.Using ChocolateyChocolatey is a package manager for Windows. If you have Chocolatey installed, you can use it to install Node.js.Open Command Prompt as Administrator:Search for cmd or Command Prompt, right-click on it, and select “Run as administrator”.Install Node.js:Run the following command:shCopy codechoco install nodejs Follow the prompts to complete the installation.Verify the Installation:Run the following commands to verify the installation:shCopy codenode -v npm -v You should see the versions of Node.js and npm displayed.Installing Node.js on MacUsing the Node.js InstallerDownload the Installer:Go to the official Node.js download page.Click on the macOS Installer button to download the latest version of Node.js.Run the Installer:Locate the downloaded .pkg file and double-click it to launch the installer.Follow the prompts in the Node.js Installer.Accept the license agreement.Choose the installation directory (default is recommended).Complete the Installation:Click the Install button.Enter your password to authorize the installation.Wait for the installation to complete.Click the Close button when the installation is done.Verify the Installation:Open the Terminal (search for Terminal in Spotlight or find it in Applications > Utilities).Run the following commands to verify the installation:shCopy codenode -v npm -v You should see the versions of Node.js and npm displayed, confirming the successful installation.Using HomebrewHomebrew is a popular package manager for macOS. If you have Homebrew installed, you can use it to install Node.js.Open Terminal:Search for Terminal in Spotlight or find it in Applications > Utilities.Install Node.js:Run the following command to install Node.js:shCopy codebrew install node Wait for Homebrew to download and install Node.js and npm.Verify the Installation:Run the following commands to verify the installation:shCopy codenode -v npm -v You should see the versions of Node.js and npm displayed.ConclusionBy following this guide, you should have successfully installed Node.js on your Windows or Mac machine. Whether you used the installer or a package manager, you are now ready to start building and running Node.js applications. To further enhance your development setup, consider exploring additional tools and libraries available in the Node.js ecosystem.
GitLab Official DocsExplore the official GitLab documentation for everything you need to know about managing projects, collaborating with your team, and automating workflows. Visit the GitLab website for the latest updates and comprehensive guides. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles Getting Started with GitLab Setting Up GitLab Locally with SSH Setup Managing Projects in GitLab Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests Using GitLab for Code Review Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD Getting Started with GitLab Getting started with GitLab is the first step toward making collaborative software development a breeze. Whether you’re part of a large development team or a solo developer, GitLab offers an excellent platform for version control and project management. In this guide, we’ll help you understand how to navigate the basics and set up your GitLab environment, so you can start contributing with ease.What is GitLab?GitLab is a complete DevOps platform that provides a single interface for managing code repositories, handling CI/CD pipelines, tracking issues, and collaborating on projects. Unlike traditional source control systems, GitLab integrates multiple functions that streamline software development and quality assurance processes.Creating an AccountBefore diving into the features, let’s begin with creating a GitLab account: Sign Up Screen Sign Up: Visit GitLab and click on [direction]Register now[/direction]. You can enter your details and confirm your email or sign up using your Google Account.Creating Your First RepositoryTo get hands-on experience, follow these steps to create your first repository:Access the Projects Page Projects Tab From the dashboard, click the [direction]Projects[/direction] menu in the top navigation bar. Select [direction]Your projects[/direction] from the dropdown menu to view existing projects or to create a new one.Create a New Project New Project On the Projects page, click the [direction]New project[/direction] button.Create New Project OptionsOn the Create New Project screen, you’ll be presented with several options to kickstart your project: Create Blank Page Create blank project: Start from scratch with an empty project structure. Create from template: Use a pre-configured project template to save time. Import project: Bring in an existing project from another source. Run CI/CD for external repository: Set up GitLab's CI/CD pipeline for an external repository. For this setup guide, we will focus on the Create blank project option to build a project from the ground up.Configure the Project Create New Project Details Screen Project name: Enter a name for your project. Project slug: This will auto-generate based on the project name, but you can customize it. Visibility level: Choose who can view your project:[direction] Private[/direction] : Only you and invited members. [direction] Internal[/direction] : Visible to all logged-in GitLab users. [direction] Public[/direction] : Accessible to anyone, even without a GitLab account.Initialize Repository SettingsIf you want to include a basic setup, check the Initialize repository with a README box.This creates a default README.md file, which is a great starting point. Checking Initialize repository with a README checkboxCreate the Project Click Create New Project Review the settings you’ve configured. Click the [direction]Create project[/direction] button at the bottom of the page. New Project CreatedConclusionGitLab provides a powerful way to manage your code collaboratively. By setting up your GitLab account, creating your first repository, and configuring Git, you’re now well-prepared to start managing and contributing to projects. To take your skills further, explore our next guide on Setting Up GitLab Locally with SSH Setup and unlock even more potential in your development workflow! Setting Up GitLab Locally with SSH Setup Setting up GitLab locally can streamline your workflow and allow you to push and pull code seamlessly from your local machine to your GitLab repository. In this guide, I will walk you through Setting Up GitLab Locally on a Mac with SSH setup. If you already have a new GitLab project created, these steps will help you configure your SSH keys and clone your project locally.By the end of this guide, you will have a fully functional local GitLab setup, allowing you to commit and sync changes effortlessly.Prerequisites for Setting Up GitLab LocallyBefore we dive into the details, ensure you have the following: Mac with Terminal access or Windows with Command Prompt Git installed on your Mac. To check, run: git --version If Git is not installed, install it using Homebrew brew install git A GitLab account and a project created.Setting Up GitLab LocallyGenerate SSH KeysTo securely connect your Mac to your GitLab repository, you need to set up SSH keys. SSH keys help authenticate your system with GitLab without needing a password. Generating SSH Keys in Terminal Open the Terminal on your Mac. Run the following command to generate a new SSH key pair: ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com" Replace your_email@example.com with your GitLab account email. Press Enter to accept the default file location for the SSH key: /Users/yourusername/.ssh/id_ed25519 When prompted, set a passphrase for added security, or press Enter to leave it blank. Public Key Created New Files GeneratedThis generates two files, id_ed25519 (private key) and id_ed25519.pub (public key) Keygen Files LocationAdd Your SSH Key to the SSH AgentTo ensure GitLab uses the SSH key, add it to the SSH agent: Adding SSH Key To Agent Start the SSH agent by running: eval "$(ssh-agent -s)" Add your SSH private key to the agent: ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519Add SSH Key to GitLabNow that you have generated an SSH key, it needs to be added to your GitLab account: Generate SSH Key For GitLab No SSH Keys In GitLab Copy your public SSH key by running: cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub This will display the key in the terminal. Copy the entire key. Log in to your GitLab account and navigate to [direction]User Settings > SSH Keys[/direction]. Paste the copied key into the Key field and give it a title. Click [direction]Add Key[/direction]. Adding SSH Key in GitLab SSH Keys SSH Key Added SuccessfullyClone Your GitLab Repository LocallyWith SSH configured, it’s time to clone your project to your local machine. Clone Project Using SSH Key Command In your GitLab repository, click the Clone button and copy the SSH link (it looks like git@gitlab.com:username/project-name.git). Open Terminal and navigate to the directory where you want the project: cd ~/Projects Use the git clone command to clone the repository: git clone git@gitlab.com:username/project-name.git Replace username and project-name with your actual GitLab username and project name. Once the repository is cloned, navigate into the project folder: cd project-name Cloning Project Via SSH Locally Project Available LocallyVerify Your SetupTo ensure everything is set up correctly, run the following commands: 1 Connect with Remote Origin 2 Test SSH 3 Test Commit Check the remote origin, cd to the cloned git project git remote -vYou should see the SSH URL of your GitLab repository.[caption id="attachment_20933" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] GitLab Verify Connection[/caption]Test your SSH connection to GitLab ssh -T git@gitlab.comIf everything is configured correctly, you will see a message like:Welcome to GitLab, @username![caption id="attachment_20941" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Testing SSH via Termnial[/caption]Create a new file in the repository:touch testfile.txtAdd text to file: echo Congrats on creating and pushing your first commit file! > testfile.txtAdd the file:git add testfile.txtCommit the file:git commit -m "Committing test file from local to main"Push the changes:git push origin mainReplace main with your branch name if it differs.[caption id="attachment_20948" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Testing The Commit Via Termnial[/caption] New TestFile.txt Pushed to ProjectConclusionBy following the steps in this guide, you’ve successfully completed Setting Up GitLab Locally on your Mac with SSH setup. Your local environment is now connected to your GitLab repository, making it easy to push and pull code changes securely. With SSH configured, you no longer need to enter your credentials every time, saving you time and effort.Now that your setup is complete, you can focus on coding and collaborating with your team seamlessly. If you encounter any issues, ensure your SSH keys are correctly added to GitLab and your system. Ready to take the next step? Dive into our guide on Managing Projects in GitLab to explore how to organize and collaborate on your projects effectively! Managing Projects in GitLab When it comes to modern software development, Managing Projects in GitLab is a crucial skill for developers, QA testers, and teams aiming to enhance productivity and collaboration. GitLab, a web-based DevOps platform, simplifies project creation, management, and version control. In this guide, I’ll walk you through how to manage projects effectively in GitLab, empowering your team to maximize its potential. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, you’ll find actionable insights and best practices here.Managing Projects in GitLabGitLab is more than a version control system. Its robust project management tools allow teams to coordinate effectively, handle tasks, and track progress. Let’s explore key management functionalities:Setting Up PermissionsProperly configuring user permissions is essential for ensuring each team member has the right level of access without compromising project integrity. Here’s how you can set these permissions:Navigate to Your Project’s SettingsSign in to GitLab and open the project you want to manage.On the left sidebar, click on Manage and select Members from the dropdown. Manage > MembersAdd or Manage Users Invite membersClick Invite members to add new users by their GitLab username or email.If they’re already listed, locate their name and use the dropdown to adjust their role. Adding New User & Assign A RoleAssign Roles AppropriatelyConsider the responsibilities of each team member and assign the role that best fits their tasks: Various Role Types Guest Reporters Developers Maintainers Owner Access project resources with minimal permissions. They can view issues and project content without making changes.View, comment on issues, and access project analytics. Their role focuses on monitoring and feedback.Push code, create merge requests, and participate in code reviews. They actively contribute to project development.Manage repository settings, CI/CD pipelines, and approve merge requests. They have full control over project configurations. Have full administrative access to the project. They manage user roles, project settings, and overall permissions.Save ChangesAfter assigning roles, click Invite or Update member to apply your changes.Review your updated member list to ensure everyone has the appropriate permissions. By following these steps, you maintain a well-structured permission system that supports collaboration while safeguarding your project’s integrity.Best Practices for Managing Projects Use Clear and Consistent Naming Conventions Establishing a standardized naming convention for projects, branches, and files improves clarity and reduces confusion. A well-structured naming system helps team members quickly identify the purpose, status, or ownership of a project. For example, use prefixes like feature/, bugfix/, or release/ for branches to indicate their function. Consistency across the team ensures seamless collaboration and minimizes errors during project management workflows. Document Everything Thoroughly Comprehensive documentation is essential for effective project management. Start with a well-written README file that outlines:Project Objectives: Clearly state the purpose and goals of the project.Structure: Provide an overview of the project directory and key components.Dependencies: List required tools, libraries, and frameworks, along with setup instructions. Monitor Project Activity Regularly Regularly reviewing project activity helps maintain momentum and identify potential issues early. Utilize tools like the project activity feed, task boards, or Git commit history to:Track progress and ensure tasks are being completed on schedule.Identify bottlenecks or stalled tasks that need attention.Monitor contributions and activity trends to balance workloads across the team.Conclusion Managing Projects in GitLab is essential for any team aiming to leverage GitLab’s powerful features for collaboration, version control, and CI/CD. By following the steps and best practices outlined in this guide, you’ll set up projects that are not only efficient but also scalable. Whether you’re organizing tasks, reviewing code, or deploying applications, GitLab has the tools to streamline your workflows. Next, delve into Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests to learn how to enhance teamwork and streamline code reviews! Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests Merge requests (MRs) are a crucial feature of GitLab that enables collaborative coding. With MRs, team members can review each other’s work, suggest changes, and maintain high code quality. In this guide, we’ll cover the basics of using merge requests for effective collaboration. Creating A New Merge RequestWhat Are Merge Requests?Merge Requests are GitLab’s way of proposing, discussing, and reviewing code changes before integrating them into a main branch. They serve as a hub for collaboration, enabling team members to review code, discuss changes, and approve updates in a structured and traceable manner. MRs are especially valuable in Quality Assurance (QA) testing as they allow early detection of issues through peer reviews and automated testing pipelines.Enhancing Collaboration with Merge RequestsMerge requests encourage open communication between developers, testers, and stakeholders. Using GitLab’s built-in tools, team members can: Review and comment on proposed changes. Discuss implementation challenges or improvements. Add suggestions and resolve conflicts in real time.This transparency ensures that everyone is aligned and that only high-quality code is merged into the main branch. Branch RequirementTo create a Merge Request, ensure your source branch dev or feature and target branch – main are already created. A Merge Request compares changes between these branches.Creating a Merge RequestTo initiate a merge request: New merge request Navigate to the GitLab project repository. Select the branch containing your code changes. Click on the New Merge Request button and set the target branch usually main. Filling Out The MR Details & ExpectationsAdd a detailed title and description to provide context for reviewers, such as the problem solved or new features added.Adding Reviewers and AssigneesGitLab allows you to assign reviewers to ensure accountability. Add teammates with expertise in the relevant codebase or domain to review your merge request. You can also set yourself as the assignee if you’re responsible for overseeing the merge process. Finalizing New Merge Request One New MR Created & NotedUsing Code Review ToolsWithin a merge request, you can: Reviewing MR and Comments Leave inline comments on specific lines of code. Mark discussions as resolved after addressing feedback. Use GitLab's suggestions feature to propose code changes directly within the interface.Merging and ClosingAfter all discussions are resolved and tests pass, you can merge the request. GitLab provides options to: Merging New Merge Requests in Main Squash commits to keep the history clean. Delete the source branch to prevent clutter. Close associated issues automatically. MR Pushed To Main SuccessfullyBest Practices for Merge Requests Communicate Early and Often Engage with reviewers by providing clear context and addressing feedback promptly. Use tags and notifications to keep everyone in the loop. Break Down Changes Avoid creating massive merge requests that are hard to review. Instead, break your work into smaller, manageable chunks for faster approvals. Leverage Templates Use GitLab's merge request templates to standardize descriptions, checklists, and testing requirements across your team. Always Run Tests Automated testing is a must for QA. Ensure that all required tests are configured in your CI/CD pipeline before merging any code.ConclusionCollaborative Coding with Merge Requests is a cornerstone of effective team workflows. By leveraging GitLab’s tools, you can ensure transparent communication, robust code quality, and streamlined testing processes. Whether you’re resolving bugs, introducing features, or refining existing functionality, merge requests create a collaborative environment that supports innovation and quality assurance.Next, explore how to take your collaboration further in our guide on Using GitLab for Code Review to master the art of ensuring high-quality code. Using GitLab for Code Review Code review is an essential process in software development, ensuring quality, consistency, and maintainability. As a QA professional, I’ve found that using GitLab for code review streamlines collaboration, fosters accountability, and enhances the overall development workflow. GitLab, with its built-in code review tools, makes this process not only seamless but also highly effective by integrating directly with version control and CI/CD pipelines. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the steps and best practices for leveraging GitLab for code review, focusing on how you can make the most of its features.Why Code Review MattersBefore diving into the specifics of using GitLab for code review, let’s talk about why code review is crucial. It ensures: Code Quality: Identify and resolve potential bugs or inconsistencies before they make it to production. Knowledge Sharing: Team members can learn from each other’s work, creating a stronger, more cohesive team. Maintainability: Helps ensure the code adheres to standards, making future updates easier. Collaboration: Fosters a collaborative environment where developers and QA teams can discuss improvements.GitLab’s code review system provides tools to support all of these goals effectively.Setting Up for Code Review in GitLabCreating Merge Requests in GitLabThe heart of using GitLab for code review lies in its Merge Requests (MR). Here’s a recap on how to initiate one, the in-dept guide can be found here: Collaborative Coding with Merge Requests Filling Out The MR Details & Expectations Navigate to your GitLab project repository. Create a new branch from the default branch main for your feature or bug fix. After committing your changes, push the branch to GitLab. Open a Merge Request by selecting [direction]Merge Requests[/direction] from the side menu and clicking [direction]New Merge Request[/direction]. Fill in the required details, such as the branch to merge from, the target branch, and a description summarizing your changes.This MR serves as the starting point for a structured code review process.Assigning Reviewers and Setting PermissionsTo ensure an efficient code review process, assign reviewers who have the necessary expertise. In GitLab, you can: Finalizing New Merge Request Assign specific team members as reviewers. Set approval rules to mandate that certain individuals or groups approve the MR before it can be merged. Use code owners to automatically assign reviewers based on file ownership, ensuring that the right people review the right code.Reviewing Code in GitLabOnce a Merge Request is created, reviewers can begin their work. As a QA professional, this is where I focus my efforts: One New MR Created & Noted Accessing the MR: Open the Merge Request from the GitLab dashboard. Viewing Changes: Use the Changes tab to see a side-by-side diff of the new code compared to the base branch. This view highlights additions, deletions, and modifications. Adding Comments: Click on specific lines to leave inline comments. These comments can point out issues, suggest improvements, or ask questions for clarification Discussions Tab: Use this tab to view all comments and discussions in one place, fostering a collaborative environment. Reviewing MR and CommentsLeveraging GitLab Features for Code ReviewGitLab offers several powerful tools to enhance the code review process: Suggestions CI/CD Integration Resolve Discussions Commit Verification Reviewers can make direct suggestions for changes, which the author can apply with a single click.Automated tests and checks run as part of the Merge Request pipeline, providing immediate feedback on potential issues.Mark conversations as resolved to keep track of outstanding issues and avoid duplication.Verify that all changes are signed and compliant with project policies.By taking full advantage of these features, I’ve significantly reduced review times and improved code quality in my projects.Best Practices for Code Review Define a Code Review Checklist A checklist ensures consistency. Some items to include:Adherence to coding standards.Proper test coverage.Logical flow and readability.Removal of unused code or commented-out lines. Foster a Collaborative Environment Encourage open discussions and constructive feedback. GitLab’s inline commenting and discussion threads make this easy. Automate Where Possible Use GitLab’s CI/CD pipelines to catch linting errors, run tests, and ensure code integrity before manual review begins. Timebox Reviews Set a time limit for reviews to prevent bottlenecks. Ideally, reviews should be completed within 24-48 hours.ConclusionUsing GitLab for code review is more than just checking for bugs; it’s about building better software together. By leveraging GitLab’s robust features, defining clear processes, and fostering a culture of collaboration, you can significantly enhance the quality of your projects. Whether you’re a developer, tester, or manager, GitLab empowers you to contribute meaningfully to the code review process, ensuring success at every stage of development. To take your GitLab expertise to the next level, explore our guide on Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD and streamline your development processes even further! Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD Automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD is a game-changer for software development. It eliminates manual processes, ensures consistent deployments, and helps teams focus on building great products. As someone deeply involved in QA testing and workflow optimization, I’ve seen firsthand how GitLab CI/CD can transform productivity and code quality. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the essentials of setting up CI/CD pipelines in GitLab, how to automate workflows, and best practices for success.Why Automating Workflows with GitLab CI/CD MattersWhat Is GitLab CI/CD? GitLab CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) is a robust system built into GitLab that automates testing, building, and deploying code. It enables teams to collaborate efficiently while ensuring that every piece of code committed to the repository undergoes a series of checks and balances.With GitLab CI/CD, you can: Automate repetitive tasks like code testing, packaging, and deployment. Ensure consistent environments across development, staging, and production. Receive instant feedback on code quality and performance.Benefits of Automation Automation is at the heart of modern DevOps practices. By automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD, teams can: Save time by reducing manual interventions. Improve code quality with consistent testing pipelines. Accelerate deployments to meet tight deadlines. Boost collaboration with clear and transparent processes.Getting Started with GitLab CI/CDSetting Up Your GitLab Project To begin automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD ensure you have a GitLab project set up. Here’s a quick overview: Create or use an existing GitLab repository. If you don’t have one, click on [direction]New Project[/direction] in GitLab and initialize it. Enable GitLab CI/CD. Navigate to your project’s [direction]Settings > CI/CD[/direction] and ensure pipelines are enabled.Writing Your First .gitlab-ci.yml File The .gitlab-ci.yml file is the heart of GitLab CI/CD automation. It defines your pipeline’s stages, jobs, and configurations. Here’s an example to get started: Pipeline Running.gitlab-ci.yml stages: - build - test cache: key: files: - package-lock.json paths: - .npm/ # Moves npm cache inside project per GitLab restrictions build: stage: build image: node:16 script: # Install dependencies - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline # Run your build command (adjust as needed) - npm run build artifacts: paths: - dist/ test: stage: test image: cypress/browsers:node-20.9.0-chrome-118.0.5993.88-1-ff-118.0.2-edge-118.0.2088.46-1 parallel: 2 script: # Install dependencies - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline # Run Cypress tests in parallel, record to Cypress Dashboard # Adjust specs as needed; passing --spec is optional if you want all tests - npx cypress run --record --key $CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY --parallel --browser chrome --e2e --spec "cypress/e2e/demo.cy.js" artifacts: when: always paths: - cypress/videos - cypress/screenshots expire_in: 1 week Pipeline with two stages: Build & TestEach stage in the file represents a phase of your workflow. For example, the above configuration has two stages: build and test. The jobs within these stages execute specific commands. Pipeline PassedAutomating Workflows with GitLab CI/CDKey Steps for Automating Workflows To fully automate workflows with GitLab CI/CD, follow these steps: Define Clear Stages and Jobs: Organize your workflow into stages such as build, test, and deploy. Use descriptive names for jobs to maintain clarity. Leverage Runners: GitLab uses runners to execute jobs. Runners can be shared or specific to your project. Configure them under [direction]Settings > CI/CD > Runners[/direction]. Integrate with External Tools: Use GitLab integrations to automate additional tasks. For instance, connect with Slack for notifications or Docker for containerized builds.Handling Variables and SecretsEnvironment variables and secrets play a crucial role in automation. GitLab allows you to securely store sensitive information like API keys and passwords in Settings CI/CD Variables . Use these variables in your .gitlab-ci.yml file: Adding A Variable In GitLab CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY Added To GitLab VariablesPassing the CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY in .gitlab-ci.ymlscript: # Install dependencies - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline # Run Cypress tests in parallel, record to Cypress Dashboard # Adjust specs as needed; passing --spec is optional if you want all tests - npx cypress run --record --key $CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY --parallel --browser chrome --e2e --spec "cypress/e2e/demo.cy.js" artifacts: when: always paths: - cypress/videos - cypress/screenshots expire_in: 1 weekTips for Effective Pipelines Keep Pipelines Short and Efficient Avoid long-running jobs by splitting them into smaller tasks. Use Caching Speed up pipelines by caching dependencies and build artifacts. Enable Pipeline Triggers Set up triggers to start pipelines based on events, such as code merges or issue creation. Monitor and OptimizeRegularly monitor pipeline performance using GitLab’s Pipeline Analytics. Identify bottlenecks and optimize jobs for faster execution.Conclusion Automating workflows with GitLab CI/CD is a powerful way to enhance software development efficiency and maintain high-quality standards. By leveraging its features—like pipeline configuration, environment variables, and external integrations—you can create a streamlined process that minimizes errors and maximizes productivity.Start small with a basic .gitlab-ci.yml file and gradually expand your automation efforts. As you become more comfortable, explore advanced features like parallel jobs, scheduled pipelines, and custom runners to further optimize your workflows.By mastering GitLab CI/CD, you’ll not only improve your team’s performance but also ensure the delivery of exceptional software products.
Cypress Official DocsDiscover the latest features, updates, and resources directly from the Official Cypress Website. Dive into detailed documentation and explore everything Cypress has to offer for your test automation needs. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles An Introduction to Cypress Installing and Setting Up Cypress Writing Your First Test in Cypress Setting Up a Reliable and Scalable Test Suite In Cypress Running Test Scenarios in Cypress Connecting Cypress Project to Cypress Cloud Using Advanced Cypress Assertions Writing API Tests in Cypress An Introduction to Cypress Cypress is a powerful, next-generation front-end testing tool built for the modern web. It is designed to make testing fast, easy, and reliable for developers and QA engineers. Cypress tests anything that runs in a browser, making it an essential tool for web application testing.What is Cypress?Cypress is an open-source testing framework that allows developers to write end-to-end tests, integration tests, and unit tests. Unlike other testing tools, Cypress is built on a new architecture and runs in the same run-loop as the application. This unique approach provides better, more reliable, and faster tests.Key Features of Cypress Time Travel: Cypress takes snapshots as your tests run. You can hover over each command in the Test Runner to see exactly what happened at each step. Debugging: Cypress provides readable error messages and stack traces. It also has the ability to debug directly from Chrome DevTools. Real-time Reloads: Cypress automatically reloads whenever you make changes to your tests. Automatic Waiting: Cypress waits for commands and assertions before moving on. There is no need to add explicit waits or sleeps. Spies, Stubs, and Clocks: Like any good testing framework, Cypress comes with built-in spies, stubs, and clocks.Time TravelCypress is a powerful tool for end-to-end testing, and one of its standout features is Time Travel. This feature allows testers to visually travel back in time through their tests, inspecting every single step, action, and response. By leveraging Cypress Time Travel, testers can debug applications more effectively, quickly identifying where and why tests fail. Cypress Time Travel From TestThe interactive nature of Time Travel means you can hover over commands in the Command Log and instantly see what happened at each point in time, making debugging a breeze. This visual timeline is invaluable for understanding the exact state of your application at any given moment during the test.Debugging with CypressDebugging in Cypress is straightforward and user-friendly. Unlike traditional testing frameworks, Cypress provides real-time feedback and detailed error messages directly in the browser. This means you don’t have to waste time switching between different tools or digging through complex logs. Cypress Debugging Error MessageWith Cypress, you can debug directly within the browser using powerful developer tools. Moreover, Cypress automatically captures screenshots and videos of failed tests, making it easier than ever to pinpoint issues. By using Cypress’s robust debugging capabilities, you can save time and effort, ensuring your tests are both reliable and maintainable.Real-time ReloadsOne of the most impressive features of Cypress is its real-time reloads. Whenever you make a change to your tests or application code, Cypress automatically reloads and reruns the tests. This continuous feedback loop means you can see the effects of your changes immediately, without the need to manually restart the test runner. Cypress Reload On ChangeReal-time reloads significantly speed up the development process, as they allow for instant validation of code changes. This feature is particularly useful for teams practicing Test-Driven Development (TDD) or Continuous Integration (CI), as it ensures that all code modifications are immediately tested and validated.Automatic WaitingCypress takes the headache out of dealing with timing issues in your tests with its Automatic Waiting feature. Traditional test frameworks often require you to add manual waits or timeouts to ensure elements are ready for interaction. However, Cypress automatically waits for elements to appear, animations to complete, and AJAX requests to finish before moving on to the next command. Cypress Automatic Waiting - Super Fast!This intelligent waiting behavior ensures your tests are more reliable and less flaky. With Cypress Automatic Waiting, you no longer need to worry about intermittent test failures caused by elements not being ready. This feature helps create robust tests that are more reflective of real user interactions.Spies, Stubs, and ClocksCypress provides powerful utilities for spying, stubbing, and controlling time, which are essential for comprehensive testing. With spies, you can monitor function calls and ensure your application behaves as expected. Stubs allow you to replace real functions with mock implementations, making it possible to test your application in isolation.This is particularly useful for simulating different responses and scenarios without relying on a live backend. Additionally, Cypress’s clocks feature lets you control and manipulate the passage of time in your tests, allowing you to test time-dependent code more effectively. These tools give you full control over your test environment, enabling you to simulate complex scenarios and ensure your application is rock-solid under any condition.ConclusionCypress is a game-changer for front-end testing. Its ease of use, powerful features, and reliable testing environment make it an indispensable tool for developers and QA engineers. In the next guide, we will dive into the Installation and Setting Up Cypress , getting you ready to write your first test. Installing and Setting Up Cypress Now that you understand what Cypress is and its key features, it’s time to set up your environment. This guide will walk you through installing Cypress and configuring it for your project.PrerequisitesBefore installing Cypress, ensure you have the following prerequisites: Node.js: Cypress is built on Node.js, so you need to have Node.js installed on your system. You can download it from Node.js official website. Package Manager: You can use either npm (comes with Node.js) or yarn to install Cypress. Text Editor or IDE: Any text editor or IDE will work, but using one with good JavaScript support like Visual Studio Code is recommended. Viewing The Cypress WebsiteInstalling CypressGetting started with Cypress is a breeze, especially when it comes to the installation process.Initialize Your ProjectFirst, if you haven’t already set up a project, you’ll need to initialize one. This begins with creating a new directory that will house your project files. Once your directory is ready, the next step is to initialize a new Node.js project. This can be done effortlessly by navigating to your directory and running the appropriate command to initiate the Node.js setup, see below.Initialize Cypress Projectmkdir my-first-cypress-project cd my-first-cypress-project npm init -y Initializing A New NPM ProjectInstall Cypress via NPMWith your project initialized, the focus shifts to installing Cypress. Cypress can be easily added to your project via NPM, ensuring it’s saved as a development dependency. This is crucial as it helps maintain a clean and organized project environment. To install Cypress, simply run the command that adds it to your project dependencies, and NPM will take care of the rest.NPM: Installing Cypressnpm install cypress --save-dev Installing Cypress via NPMVerify InstallationAfter the installation process is complete, it’s important to verify that Cypress has been installed correctly. This can be done by opening Cypress through a command in your terminal. If everything has been set up properly, Cypress will launch, indicating that your installation was successful.NPM: Open Cypressnpx cypress open Cypress Installed SuccessfullyCypress StructureWhen you first open Cypress, it automatically generates a structured directory designed to streamline your testing workflow. This directory, simply named cypress, is home to several key folders that play a pivotal role in organizing your test suite.Cypress Project Structurecypress/ ├── fixtures/ ├── e2e/ ├── plugins/ └── support/ fixtures: This is where you store any static data that your tests might need. Whether it's sample JSON files or other data formats, this folder is your go-to place for predefined data sets that help simulate various test scenarios. e2e: This is where the actual test scripts reside, ready to be executed. By keeping your test scripts organized in this manner, Cypress ensures that you can easily manage and locate them as your testing suite grows. plugins:Cypress allows you to extend its functionality through various plugins, and this is the folder where those plugins live. By utilizing plugins, you can customize and enhance Cypress to better fit your project's specific needs. support: This folder is where you'll store custom commands and configurations. This is the backbone of your test suite’s functionality, allowing you to define reusable commands and tailor Cypress's behavior to match your testing requirements.Configure CypressCypress is configured using a file named cypress.json. This configuration file is crucial as it allows you to set various options to control Cypress’s behavior. For instance, you can specify the baseUrl for your tests, like so: cypress.json{ "baseUrl": "http://localhost:3000" }ConclusionWith Cypress installed and your directory structure in place, you’re now ready to dive deeper. The next step is Writing Your First Test In Cypress, which we will explore in the following guide. This will provide you with hands-on experience with Cypress, allowing you to harness its powerful features effectively and efficiently. This foundational understanding is crucial for anyone serious about mastering end-to-end testing with Cypress. Writing Your First Test in Cypress With Cypress installed and set up, it’s time to write your first test. This guide will walk you through creating a basic test to validate that Cypress is correctly configured and running. Writing tests in Cypress is intuitive and straightforward. Here’s an example of a basic test:Writing a Cypress TestHere’s an example test that checks if the login page loads correctly when the icon is clicked from the Home screen.Create a New Test FileCreate a new file in the cypress/e2e/home directory. In this example we’re going to create a new test file called home.cy.js. This file is going to house all of our scenarios related the Home page. home.cy.jsdescribe('Home Screen', () => { it('should navigate to the login page when the login icon is clicked', () => { const kicksAppsUrl = 'https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/'; cy.viewport(1920, 1080); // Set the viewport to a standard desktop size cy.visit(kicksAppsUrl); // Load the web application cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="login-icon"]') .should('be.visible').click(); // Locate and click the login icon cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="Sign In"]') .should('exist'); // Verify navigation to the login page }); });In this example, the describe block is used to group tests related to the Home Screen. Inside the it block, we have a single test case that checks whether the application correctly navigates to the login page when the login icon is clicked. Test Setup: The first step in the test is setting up the viewport size to 1920x1080 pixels. This ensures the test runs in a simulated screen size that closely mirrors a typical desktop display. This is optional. Visiting the Application URL: The next step involves visiting the specific URL of the web application. This is done using cy.visit(kicksAppsUrl);, where kicksAppsUrl is a variable holding our application's URL. Interacting the Login Icon: Once the page is loaded, the test uses cy.get to locate the login icon on the page. This element is identified using a semantic label aria-label="login-icon" within the flt-semantics tag. The should('be.visible') command ensures that the icon is visible before attempting to click it. This step is critical as it validates that the icon is correctly displayed on the page before any action is performed. Asserting the URL Path: The test asserts that the URL now contains the /sign-in path using cy.url().should('include', '/sign-in'). This check ensures that the application navigates to the correct page after the icon is clicked. Verifying Navigation to the Login Page: After clicking the login icon, the test checks whether the application has navigated to the login page by looking for an element with the aria-label="Sign In". The should('exist') command is used here to confirm that this element is present in the DOM, which indicates successful navigation. Run Your TestOpen Cypress Test Runner if it’s not already openRun Testnpx cypress open Browsers Available To Run Test OnSelect your test file home.cy.js from the Test Runner to execute it. You should see your test running in the browser, with all assertions passing. Cypress Runner with Home Spec Cypress Run Home Test - PassedConclusionYou’ve written and executed your first Cypress test. This basic test demonstrates how to visit a page, interact with elements, and make assertions. In the next guide, we will delve into Setting Up A Reliable & Scalable Tests to better understand how to organize and manage your test suite effectively. Setting Up a Reliable and Scalable Test Suite In Cypress In this guide I’ll walk you through some essential Cypress features, such as setting the baseUrl, using the beforeEach hook, organizing tests with nested describe blocks, and creating custom commands. Let’s dive in!Using the baseUrl to Store Your Test URLOne of the first steps in setting up a Cypress project is configuring your test environment. Instead of hardcoding URLs throughout your tests, you can streamline your code by using the baseUrl configuration in Cypress. This not only makes your tests more maintainable but also easier to read and manage. Setting the baseUrl: To set up your baseUrl, navigate to your cypress.json file (located in the root of your Cypress project) and add the following configuration:cypress.config.jsconst { defineConfig } = require("cypress"); module.exports = defineConfig({ e2e: { defaultCommandTimeout: 10000, // 10 seconds pageLoadTimeout: 60000, // 60 seconds for page load baseUrl: 'https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/', setupNodeEvents(on, config) { }, }, }); With this configuration, you can now visit your URL automatically during test.cy.visitcy.visit('/');Cypress automatically prepends the baseUrl to any relative URL you provide, making your tests more readable and easier to maintain. If you ever change your testing environment (e.g., from localhost to a staging server), you only need to update the baseUrl in one place.Using the beforeEach Hook in CypressThe beforeEach hook is a powerful feature in Cypress that allows you to run a specific piece of code before each test within a describe block. This is particularly useful for setting up a consistent test environment, ensuring that each test starts with the same conditions. Implementing beforeEach: In our sample script, we see the beforeEach hook used to set the viewport size and visit the homepage before each test. cy.viewport(1500, 780): Sets the browser window size to 1500x780 pixels, ensuring consistency across all tests. cy.visit('/'): Navigates to the homepage, using the relative path since baseUrl is set. cy.wait(5000):Pauses the test for 5 seconds to ensure that all elements on the page are loaded and ready for interaction.beforeEachdescribe('Home Screen', () => { beforeEach(() => { // This will run before each test, ensuring the website is always launched with custom viewport cy.viewport(1500, 780); cy.visit('/'); cy.wait(5000); // Ensures the page has fully loaded before running the test }); // Test cases will follow here... });This setup ensures that every test in the Home Screen block starts with the same conditions, leading to more reliable and predictable test outcomes.Using Nested describe BlocksAs your test suite grows, organizing your tests becomes crucial. Cypress allows you to structure your tests using nested describe blocks, which is particularly useful for grouping related tests and making your test suite easier to navigate.Implementing Nested describe Blocks:In the provided script, we see a nested describe structure used to organize tests related to the Home Screen and its Navigation Menu: Outer describe block (Home Screen): Groups all tests related to the home screen of your application. Nested describe block (Navigation Menu): Further organizes tests that specifically deal with the navigation menu.Nested describe()describe('Home Screen', () => { beforeEach(() => { cy.viewport(1500, 780); cy.visit('/'); cy.wait(5000); }); describe('Navigation Menu', () => { it('should navigate to the About Us page when the about link is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="About us"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/about-us'); const aboutUsPageHTitle = createMultilineSelector('About us'); cy.get(aboutUsPageHTitle).should('be.visible'); }); // Additional test cases for other navigation links... }); });This structure not only makes your tests easier to manage but also provides clear reporting when tests are run. You can easily identify which part of your application a failing test belongs to based on the describe block hierarchy.Using Custom Commands in CypressCypress allows you to extend its functionality by creating custom commands, which can simplify repetitive tasks and make your tests more expressive. Custom commands are particularly useful for abstracting complex interactions or frequently used selectors.Creating and Using a Custom Command:In the provided script, the createMultilineSelector command is imported and used to generate a selector for elements with multiline text. createMultilineSelector: This custom command likely returns a selector that matches elements based on their aria-label attribute, specifically targeting multiline text. By using this command, we avoid duplicating complex selectors throughout our tests. Usage in Tests:Instead of writing out the full selector each time, you simply call createMultilineSelector('About us'), making the test more readable and easier to maintain.Using createMultilineSelectorimport { createMultilineSelector } from '../../support/e2e.js'; describe('Home Screen', () => { beforeEach(() => { cy.viewport(1500, 780); cy.visit('/'); cy.wait(5000); }); describe('Navigation Menu', () => { it('should navigate to the About Us page when the about link is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="About us"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/about-us'); const aboutUsPageHTitle = createMultilineSelector('About us'); cy.get(aboutUsPageHTitle).should('be.visible'); }); // Additional test cases... }); });Creating Custom CommandsYou can define custom commands in the cypress/support/e2e.js file. Here’s how you might define the createMultilineSelector command:Custom function – createMultilineSelector()import './commands' export function createMultilineSelector(text) { let selector = 'flt-semantics[aria-label="'; for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) { selector += text[i]; if (i < text.length - 1) { selector += '\n'; // Add a newline after each character, except the last one } } selector += '"]'; return selector; }This function dynamically creates a selector that matches any element whose aria-label contains the specified text, making it versatile for various testing scenarios. ConclusionNow that we have our Cypress script set up in a scalable state, we’re ready to take the next step Running Test Scenarios in Cypress to ensure our application behaves as expected across different user interactions. This is where the true power of Cypress shines. By crafting various test scenarios, we can simulate real-world usage patterns, validating that all parts of our web application function correctly under different conditions. Running Test Scenarios in Cypress Before diving into the methods of running tests, let’s first expand our test suite with a few additional scenarios. These new tests will help us better understand the different ways Cypress can be utilized.Enhancing the Home Screen ScenariosIn this guide we’ll be going through the application, checking the links in the header menu like Products, Login, Cart. These are essential user flows, and ensuring they work correctly is vital for a seamless user experience. For instance, when the user clicks on the Products link, the application should navigate to the Products page, where the title Performance Sneakers should be visible. Similarly, clicking the login icon should direct the user to the sign-in page, with the Sign In button present and ready for interaction. The same applies to the Cart icon, leading the user to a Shopping Cart page, confirming the presence of the Shopping Cart title.Below is the enhanced version of the previous home screen test file, which includes test the new use cases mentioned above.Enhanced Home Screen Scenariosit('should navigate to the Products page when the products link is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="Products"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/products'); cy.wait(3000); const productsPageTitle = createMultilineSelector('Performance Sneakers'); cy.get(productsPageTitle).should('be.visible'); }); it('should navigate to the Login page when the login icon is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="login-icon"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/sign-in'); cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="Sign In"]').should('exist'); }); it('should navigate to the Cart page when the cart icon is clicked', () => { cy.get('flt-semantics[aria-label="cart-icon"]') .should('be.visible') .focus() .click({ force: true }); cy.url().should('include', '/cart'); const shoppingCartTitle = createMultilineSelector('Shopping Cart'); cy.get(shoppingCartTitle).should('be.visible'); });Running Test Using: Cypress RunNow that we’ve expanded our test suite, we can explore different ways to run these tests in Cypress. One approach is using the Cypress run command. This command allows you to run your tests in headless mode, meaning the tests execute without opening a browser window. This method is particularly useful for integrating tests into CI/CD pipelines where you need the tests to run automatically without manual intervention.cypress runnpx cypress run --spec cypress/e2e/home/home-advance.cy.js Cypress Testing Running In Headless ModeRunning Test Using: Cypress OpenAlternatively, you can use the npx cypress open command. This command opens the Cypress Test Runner in a graphical interface, allowing you to manually select and run tests. It’s an excellent way to visually interact with your tests and see them run in real-time, which can be particularly useful during the development phase when debugging issues.cypress opennpx cypress open Choosing E2E Testing To Start Cypress Test Browsers Available To Run Test On List of Cypress Tests To Choose From Cypress Test Runner With A Passed TestRunning Test Using: package.jsonFor convenience, you might want to add commands directly into your package.json file. This allows you to run specific test scripts or open the Cypress Test Runner with a single command.package.json"scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "all-e2e-gui": "npx cypress open --e2e", "home-test-headless": "npx cypress run --spec \"cypress/e2e/home/home-advance.cy.js\"" }, Viewing the package.json file. To view the Run Script | Debug Script options, hover your mouse over the script name and it will display. all-e2e-gui : npx cypress open --e2e - This gives you the ability to launch the Test Runner directly from the terminal. home-test-headless: npx cypress run --spec \"cypress/e2e/home/home-advance.cy.js\ - This is to run your home screen tests in headless mode, ensuring that you can quickly execute these tests without needing to manually input commands each time.ConclusionRunning test scenarios in Cypress is a seamless experience, thanks to its versatility in execution methods. By enhancing your test scenarios and leveraging different ways to execute them, you can ensure that your testing process is both efficient and effective. In the next guide you learn about Connecting Your Cypress Project To Cypress Cloud! Connecting Cypress Project to Cypress Cloud Connecting your Cypress project to Cypress Cloud is an essential step to enhance your testing workflow. Cypress Cloud offers robust features such as test recording, parallelization, and integration with CI/CD pipelines, which can significantly improve the efficiency and visibility of your test results. In this guide, we’ll walk through the steps to set up and connect your Cypress project to Cypress Cloud, ensuring a seamless integration. Cypress Cloud Login PageSetup Cypress Cloud AccountFirst, sign up for a Cypress Cloud account at Cypress Cloud. Once registered, create a new project in the Cypress Cloud dashboard. This project will be linked to your local Cypress project. Creating A New Project In Cypress CloudAdd Cypress Project ID To Your Local ProjectIn your local project, let’s add project id to the cypress.config.js file. You can find this file in the root of the project. Reviewing The Cypress Project Configcypress.config.jsconst { defineConfig } = require('cypress'); module.exports = defineConfig({ projectId: 'your-project-id', // other configurations }); Adding Project ID To Local ProjectChoose Your CI Provider – GitHub To start recording test runs in a pipeline we have to configure our CL Provider in this case, we’ll be configure the the GitHub Actions. Selecting GitHub As CI Integration Cypress GitHub Actions Setup Record a run - In Terminal run this command npx cypress run --record --key your-record-key Set CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY in the GitHub repo. [direction] Settings > Secrets and Variables > Actions [/direction] then create New repository secret Cypress.yml - Create a directory and create new yml file to store the pipeline configurations. Running Cypress Run Record For Home Advance Test Setting the CYPRESS_RECORD_KEY In GitHubCreate Cypress.yml FileTo set up your Cypress project for seamless integration with CI/CD pipelines, the first step is to create a directory and a new cypress.yml file. This file will house all your pipeline configurations, ensuring your testing processes are streamlined and efficient. Navigate to your project directory, and within the Cypress local project, add a new directory at the following location: .github workflows . Creating Directory To Store The Cypress.yml FileIn the Cypress Cloud Setup Guide, you’ll start by copying the generated cypress.yml file that’s been tailored for your project. To better align this configuration with the specific needs of your project, I’ve made several adjustments to the file. Tweaked Cypress YML File In Staging Cypress YML File - New file created. Focus On Main Branch Only - Refined the on push step to trigger exclusively when changes are pushed to the main branch. Self Hosted - Using local workstation as the runner in GitHub. Single Container - Optimized resource usage by reducing the number of containers from two to one. Added Build & Start Scripts - Added two essential scripts: 'build' and 'start'. These scripts are designed to efficiently prepare and initialize the project environment. Environment Variable - Mod the environment variable naming convention by updating GH_TOKEN to replace the restricted GITHUB_TOKEN named variable. Configure Your Runner & Personal Access TokenBefore you commit your yaml file ensure that your that you have your Runner and PAT token are configured. Failure to do so will result in the test not running in the pipeline. GitHub Runner Is Idling Added GH TOKEN in GitHub in ActionView Cypress Record Results In The Cloud. Before finalizing the YAML file for our project, let’s take a moment to revisit your Cypress Cloud Account. Here, you should be able to see the previous test run that we initiated through the Terminal. This step is crucial as it ensures that the command we executed earlier has been correctly captured by Cypress Cloud. Viewing Cypress Run Record ResultsCommit Your Cypress YML File To effectively manage your YAML file execution within the pipeline and seamlessly integrate it with Cypress Cloud, you’ll first need to commit your changes. In my project, I utilize GitLens, a powerful tool for handling Git Pull and Push requests. Committing Cypress YML ChangesBegin by crafting a clear and concise commit message that reflects the changes made. Once your commit message is ready, push your changes directly to your branch. This process will trigger the pipeline, allowing you to observe the YAML file execution in real time. Cypress YML Starting The Pipeline JobMonitoring Cyress Cloud RunAfter setting up and ensuring that everything is functioning smoothly, it’s time to verify whether Cypress Cloud is actively monitoring and recording your tests. You the commit message and as well as a blue spinning icon that shows that the test is in action! Pipeline Being Monitored By Cypress CloudMonitoring GitHub Pipeline RunAs your Cypress test runs, you’ll notice a yellow icon indicating that the process is ongoing. This yellow icon serves as a real-time status update, letting you know that your tests are actively running within the CI/CD pipeline. Once the job is complete, this icon will turn green, signaling that the tests have finished executing. At this point, the log will automatically display the results of the test run. If all the tests have passed successfully, you’ll be greeted with the message, “All specs passed!” GitHub Cypress Run In Action Test Passed From Pipeline JobReviewing Cypress CI/CD ResultsTo review your Cypress test results in greater detail, start by navigating to the test results section. First, exit the run details view. Once you’re out of the run details, select the most recent run from the list displayed. This will direct you to a page where you can view the detailed Cypress TestResult. Here, you will also find a convenient link that allows you to access these test results directly in the cloud. Cypress Test Results In GitHubWhen you click the View in Cypress Cloud link, you’ll be seamlessly redirected to the Cypress Cloud results, offering a comprehensive overview of your test outcomes. It’s a smooth transition that enhances your testing workflow. Based on the configuration in my package.json file, this script executed all the tests within the e2e folder, specifically targeting the home-basic.cy.js and home-advance.cy.js tests. This setup ensures that your end-to-end testing is thorough and that the results are conveniently accessible through Cypress Cloud, optimizing your testing process and improving overall efficiency. Run Test Results In Cypress CloudEnabling Video Recording & Screenshots To enable video capture in your Cypress test runs, you need to configure the appropriate settings in your cypress.config.js file. cypress.config.js (Enabling Video & Screenshots)const { defineConfig } = require("cypress"); module.exports = defineConfig({ projectId: "[your-id-here]", // Add your projectId here e2e: { defaultCommandTimeout: 10000, // 10 seconds pageLoadTimeout: 60000, // 60 seconds for page load baseUrl: 'https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/', video: true, // This ensures video recording is enabled videoCompression: 32, // This compresses the video to save space screenshotOnRunFailure: true, // Automatically takes a screenshot when a test fails screenshotsFolder: 'cypress/screenshots', // Specifies where screenshots are saved in the project setupNodeEvents(on, config) { // Add any node event listeners here }, }, }); video - Begin by setting the video property to true, which activates video recording for all your test executions. videoCompression - To manage the size of the recorded videos, adjust the videoCompression setting to 32. This compression level strikes a balance between video quality and storage. screenshotOnRunFailure - This feature automatically captures a screenshot whenever a test fails, providing a visual snapshot of the problem at the exact moment it occurs. screenshotsFolder - By setting the screenshotsFolder to 'cypress/screenshots', you ensure that all screenshots are organized in a dedicated folder within your project.Cypress Passed Test With Video PlayBack Cypress Passed Test With Video PlaybackCypress Failed Test With Screenshot Cypress Failed Test With ScreenshotConclusionNow that your Cypress project is connected to Cypress Cloud, you’ll immediately experience the powerful features Cypress Cloud offers. These features include parallel testing, seamless CI/CD integration, and automatic screenshots and videos.In the upcoming guide, we’ll dive deeper into Using Advance Assertions In Cypress. Using Advanced Cypress Assertions In this advanced assertion guide, we delve into various Cypress commands and their functionalities, focusing on enhancing your testing strategy and ensuring your web application is robust and reliable. These commands, including .next(), .eq(), .include(), .within(), .and(), .then(), and others, provide nuanced control over test scenarios, making them indispensable for comprehensive testing.Understanding Cypress AssertionsThe .next() command in Cypress is used to select the next sibling DOM element within a parent element. This command is particularly useful when you need to perform assertions on elements that are dynamically generated or are sequentially placed in the DOM. For example, if you want to test the navigation menu items in a sequence, you can use .next() to move from one item to the next..next()cy.get('.menu-item') .first() .next() .should('have.text', 'About Us'); This snippet selects the first menu item and asserts that the next sibling has the text About Us, helping ensure the navigation menu is correctly ordered.The .eq() command is another powerful tool in Cypress, used to select an element at a specific index. This is extremely useful for assertions where elements are identical in structure but differ in content or position. For instance, if you’re testing a list of products, you can use .eq() to assert specific properties of each product. .eq()cy.get('.product-item') .eq(2).should('contain', 'Laptop'); In this assertion, Cypress selects the third product item (index:2) and checks if it contains the text Laptop which helps verify the correct rendering of products.The .include() assertion checks if a given string or element contains a specific substring or child element. This is essential for validating partial matches in text or the presence of specific elements within a container. For example, you might want to ensure that a promotional banner includes the keyword Discount. .include()cy.get('.banner') .should('include.text', 'Discount'); This code ensures that the banner element has the word Discount, confirming the presence of expected promotional content.Enhancing Test Coverage with .within() and .and()The .within() command allows you to scope your assertions to a specific portion of the DOM. This is particularly valuable when you have a complex structure with repeated classes or IDs, as it enables precise targeting of elements within a specified container. For example, if you want to validate form fields within a login form, .within() helps isolate the form and perform checks without interference from other elements..within()cy.get('.login-form').within(() => { cy.get('input[name="username"]').type('testuser'); cy.get('input[name="password"]').type('password123'); });In this example, Cypress limits the scope to the .login-form container, ensuring that only the form fields inside it are interacted with, enhancing test reliability.The .and() command chains multiple assertions together, allowing for concise and readable test scripts. When you want to verify multiple properties of an element, .and() provides a clean way to do so in a single command..and()cy.get('.notification') .should('be.visible') .and('contain', 'Success'); This snippet checks that a notification is visible and contains the word Success effectively combining two assertions in a streamlined manner.Leveraging .then() for Synchronous TestingCypress’s .then() command is crucial for handling asynchronous operations and chaining commands in a synchronous manner. This is especially useful when you need to perform complex operations that depend on the results of previous commands. For instance, if you want to fetch data from an API and then validate the response within the test, .then() allows you to manage this flow seamlessly..then()cy.request('GET', '/api/products').then((response) => { expect(response.status).to.eq(200); expect(response.body).to.have.length.greaterThan(0); }); In this example, Cypress sends a GET request to the /api/products endpoint and then uses .then() to assert that the response status is 200 and that the response body contains more than zero products, ensuring the API’s correctness.Building Reliable Tests with CypressCombining these advanced Cypress commands allows developers to create robust and reliable tests that cover a wide range of scenarios, from simple UI checks to complex user flows. Utilizing .next(), .eq(), .include(), .within(), .and(), and .then() helps ensure your application behaves as expected under various conditions, enhancing test coverage and confidence in the application’s stability.ConclusionMastering these commands enables testers to write thorough, maintainable, and efficient Cypress tests for various applications, from single-page to e-commerce platforms. These assertions offer the flexibility to simulate real-world user interactions, ensuring higher-quality web applications and an improved user experience. In the next guide, we will explore Writing API Tests in Cypress. Writing API Tests in Cypress API testing is a critical component of modern software development, ensuring that your application’s back-end services are robust, reliable, and performant. Cypress, a popular end-to-end testing framework, is not only capable of testing the UI but also excels at API testing. In this guide, we’ll explore how to write API tests in Cypress, dive into some practical examples, and discuss the differences between cy.request and cy.api, two powerful commands for API testing in Cypress.cy.requestCypress provides a seamless way to perform API testing by leveraging its cy.request command. This command is ideal for making HTTP requests to your application’s backend or any third-party services it interacts with. Using cy.request, you can validate the response status, headers, body, and even the timing of API calls, making it an essential tool for API testing in Cypress. For instance, if you’re testing a REST API, you can easily send GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE requests and assert that the server’s responses are as expected.Let’s consider an example where we want to test a simple GET request to retrieve a list of users from an API endpoint. Using cy.request, the test might look something like this:cy.request()describe('API Testing with Cypress', () => { it('should fetch a list of users', () => { cy.request('GET', 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users').then((response) => { expect(response.status).to.eq(200); expect(response.body).to.have.length(10); expect(response.body[0]).to.have.property('name'); }); }); });In this example, cy.request sends a GET request to the specified URL. The .then() method is used to handle the response, allowing us to assert that the status code is 200 and that the response body contains an array of users with the expected length and structure. This simple yet powerful approach highlights how Cypress makes API testing straightforward and accessible.cy.apiWhile cy.request is a fantastic tool for making HTTP requests, Cypress also offers the cy.api command through its official plugin, @cypress/plugin-api. This plugin provides a more feature-rich alternative to cy.request and is particularly useful for more complex API testing scenarios. One of the key differences between cy.request and cy.api is that cy.api automatically records requests and responses in the Cypress command log, making debugging and test reviews more intuitive.Consider a scenario where you need to perform a POST request to create a new user and validate the response. Using cy.api, you can write the following test:cy.api()describe('Advanced API Testing with Cypress', () => { it('should create a new user', () => { cy.api({ method: 'POST', url: 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', body: { name: 'John Doe', email: 'john.doe@example.com', phone: '1-770-736-8031 x56442', }, }).then((response) => { expect(response.status).to.eq(201); expect(response.body).to.have.property('name', 'John Doe'); }); }); });In this example, cy.api is used to send a POST request with a JSON payload to create a new user. The test then checks that the server returns a status code of 201 (indicating successful creation) and that the response body contains the correct data. The enhanced logging capabilities of cy.api provide valuable insights into the request and response, making it easier to diagnose any issues that arise during testing.ConclusionCypress is a versatile framework that not only excels at end-to-end testing but also provides robust tools for API testing. Whether you choose to use cy.request for its simplicity and flexibility or cy.api for its enhanced logging and feature set, Cypress makes it easy to implement and maintain high-quality API tests. By incorporating API testing into your Cypress test suite, you can ensure that both your front-end and back-end components work harmoniously together, leading to a more reliable and resilient application.
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Using ADB with Android Emulators Previously, we covered installing APK apps on your emulator. Now, let’s delve into using ADB (Android Debug Bridge) with Android emulators. ADB is a powerful command-line tool that enables communication with your emulator or device. Get Access to the Test App & FrameworkPro Members unlock hands-on access to our expertly crafted frameworks. PRO MEMBER Device Info: Pixel 8 | API 33 Tip: Please ensure you have an emulator created and running before hand.Connecting ADB to an EmulatorOnce your emulator is running, you need to connect ADB to it.Open Terminal: Launch the Terminal App on your on your Mac. Launch TerminalNavigate to ADB Directory: Navigate to the directory where ADB is installed. This is typically in the platform-tools directory of your Android SDK.bashcd /Users/{UserName}/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools Changing Directory To Platform ToolsCheck Connected Devices: Run the following command to list connected devices and emulators.bashadb devices List of Running Devices Displayed You should see your emulator listed. If not, restart the ADB server. In Terminal paste the command below:bashadb kill-server adb start-serverCommon ADB CommandsHere are some essential ADB commands for quality testing:Installing an APK: To Install an application on the emulator. Use this command.bashadb install /Users/{UserName}/Desktop/test-apps/app-debug.apk Installing An APK Using ADB CommandGet Android Package Name: Get the name of the Android app’s package name in order to use the uninstall command later. With the test app lauched on the emulator, open a new terminal and enter this command below:bashadb shell dumpsys window | grep 'mCurrentFocus' Name of App Package & Main ActivityUninstall an APK: Remove an application from the emulator.bashadb uninstall com.example.yourapp Uninstalling APK Using ADB CommandConclusionThe ADB is an essential tool for Android development and debugging. Mastering its commands will enhance your ability to manage and debug your applications effectively. Up next, we’ll cover automating UI tests on Android emulators, a crucial step for ensuring your app’s usability. Continue to Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators for detailed instructions.
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Code Editors & IDEs Articles Eclipse Android Studio VSCode XCode Eclipse Official DocsDive into the official Eclipse webpage for comprehensive resources, tools, and updates straight from the source. Check out Eclipse.org to learn more about Eclipse! Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! How to Install Eclipse IDE Eclipse IDE is a powerful and flexible integrated development environment (IDE) widely used by developers and testers alike. It supports various programming languages and frameworks, making it an ideal choice for both manual and automation testing projects. This guide will show you how to install Eclipse. Whether you’re just starting with manual testing or diving into automation, having Eclipse installed is the first step to streamlining your workflow. Eclipse HomepageDownload Eclipse IDETo begin with how to install Eclipse, start by downloading the IDE from the official website. Go to the Eclipse Downloads page, where you will find various Eclipse IDE packages. Eclipse Download PackagesFor testers primarily working with Java, the Eclipse IDE for Java Developers package is often ideal, as it includes essential tools for working with frameworks like Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG. Select the version appropriate for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux), and click the Download button. Eclipse IDE for Java Developers Eclipse Download ButtonMove Eclipse App in the Applications FolderAfter downloading Eclipse on your Mac, navigate to the folder where the downloaded Eclipse file is located. Drag the Eclipse app icon from the download location and drop it into your Applications folder. This step places Eclipse in your main applications directory, making it easy to access. Eclipse Move App To Applications FolderOnce you’ve moved Eclipse to Applications, open the app by navigating to Applications and double-clicking the Eclipse icon or by using Launchpad. Eclipse App To Applications FolderThe first time you open Eclipse, macOS may display a security prompt warning that the app was downloaded from the internet. Simply confirm that you trust the application to proceed. Eclipse Permission PromptLaunch Eclipse IDEWhen Eclipse opens, it will prompt you to select a workspace folder, which serves as the default directory for all your projects and files. Choose a location that is easy to remember, then click Launch to enter the IDE. Eclipse Workspace Directory Eclipse Welcome PageConclusionNow that you’ve successfully learned how to install Eclipse, you’re ready to begin using the IDE for manual or automation testing projects. With its robust plugin ecosystem and flexible configuration options, Eclipse offers everything a tester needs to write, organize, and debug test cases efficiently. Whether you’re working with Selenium, JUnit, or TestNG, this installation guide has you covered, ensuring a smooth setup process. Eclipse IDE is the perfect tool for both beginner and advanced testers, enabling you to run your test projects seamlessly.In the next guide, you’ll learn How to Create a New Maven Project in Eclipse, taking your setup further to manage dependencies and build automation with ease. How to Create a New Maven Project in Eclipse Creating a new Maven project in Eclipse is essential for testers who want to leverage the power of dependency management and build automation. Eclipse, one of the most popular Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Java, supports Maven integration, making it easier to configure, build, and manage complex Java projects with just a few clicks. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced developer, understanding how to create a new Maven project in Eclipse can streamline your development process and set up the foundation for efficient project management.Setting Up Eclipse for Maven ProjectsBefore creating a new Maven project in Eclipse, ensure that your IDE is configured with the Maven plugin. In most cases, the latest versions of Eclipse come with built-in support for Maven. However, if Maven is missing, you can install the Maven Integration for Eclipse (m2e) plugin through the Eclipse Marketplace. This plugin enables Maven support in Eclipse, allowing you to manage dependencies, build configurations, and other Maven-related features directly within the IDE. Verify Maven Integration: Go to Help > Eclipse Marketplace and search for Maven Integration for Eclipse. If it’s installed, you’ll see an option to update. Otherwise, select Install to add Maven support to Eclipse. Eclipse Maven Plugin Tip: Check Java Version Since Maven requires Java, ensure that your Eclipse workspace is configured with the correct Java Development Kit (JDK) version, ideally matching your project requirements.Start a New Maven Project in EclipseTo create a new Maven project, follow these steps:Open Eclipse and navigate to File New Project… Eclipse Create A New ProjectIn the New Project dialog, select Maven Project under the Maven folder, then click Next . Eclipse Maven ProjectThe Select Project Name and Location page will appear. Here, you can specify if you want to create the project in the default workspace or in a custom location. In this guide we’re going to checkUse default Workspace location. Maven Use Default Project LocationCreate a Simple ProjectCreate a Simple Project, you can check the option to Create a simple project (skip archetype selection) to start with a minimal setup without selecting a specific archetype. Eclipse Maven Create A Simple ProjectDefine Group ID and Artifact IDThe Group ID and Artifact ID are crucial identifiers for Maven projects: Eclipse Maven Group ID and Artifact ID Group ID: This is usually a unique identifier for your organization or project. Ex - com.web.demo.app Artifact ID: Represents the project’s name, which will become the final artifact name - WebDemoApp.Next, set the version. You have the option to assign a custom version if you need specific versioning control, or simply use the default setting for a simple setup. Eclipse Maven Set Version Set Version: Leave the default version as 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT if you’re beginning the initial version, or specify a different version if required. Finish: Click Finish to allow Eclipse to create the project structure based on the selected archetype.Explore the Maven Project StructureOnce created, your new Maven project will appear in the Eclipse Package Explorer with a predefined structure. Familiarize yourself with the main folders: src/main/java: This directory holds the main source code. src/test/java: Used for tests. pom.xml: The Project Object Model (POM) file where all dependencies, plugins, and build configurations for the project are defined.Configuring Dependencies in pom.xmlThe pom.xml file is the heart of any Maven project. It allows you to declare project dependencies, build profiles, and plugins. To add dependencies: Open pom.xml: Go to the pom.xml file in the root directory of your project. Add Dependencies: Insert dependencies for libraries or frameworks your project requires. For example, to add JUnit, add this:pom.xml<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> Save and Update Project: Save the pom.xml file, and Eclipse will automatically download the necessary JAR files from the Maven repository.Build and Run the Maven ProjectMaven projects can be built directly from Eclipse: Build Project: Right-click on the project in the Package Explorer, then select [direction]Run As > Maven build[/direction]. This triggers the build process, compiling the code and packaging it based on the pom.xml configuration. Run Project: If you’re working on a simple Java project, you can run the main class by navigating to [direction]Run As > Java Application[/direction].ConclusionBy following this guide, you’ve gained a foundation for effectively using Maven with Eclipse, making it easier to manage complex Java projects with consistency and efficiency. Whether you’re setting up for the first time or integrating Maven into an existing project, mastering these steps will significantly enhance your Eclipse IDE experience.In the next guide, you’ll explore Installing and Configuring Plugins in Eclipse, which will further extend your development capabilities and customization options within the IDE. Installing and Configuring Plugins In Eclipse, plugins are extensions that enhance the functionality of the IDE by adding specialized tools, functionalities, or integrations with other platforms and frameworks. For QA testers, Eclipse plugins can integrate automation tools, debugging utilities, code analysis, and version control, among other features. Proper Installing and Configuring Plugins can make Eclipse a versatile tool to handle your testing requirements efficiently.Installing Essential Plugins for QABefore Installing and Configuring Plugins, it’s essential to identify which ones will best enhance Eclipse for QA. Here are some plugins that significantly improve the testing workflow: TestNG: A robust testing framework for running test scripts, especially suited for Java applications, and is often used with Selenium for automation testing. Maven Integration for Eclipse: Ideal for managing dependencies, building projects, and automating repetitive tasks within Java projects. eGit: A powerful integration for Git version control, enabling efficient source control management and collaborative testing. Cucumber: A behavior-driven development (BDD) framework that allows you to write test cases in Gherkin syntax, enhancing readability and team alignment. SonarLint: A popular static code analysis tool that helps developers detect and fix coding issues in real-time & enhancing code quality.Each of these plugins supports essential QA functionalities, making Eclipse a more productive environment for quality testing and automation.Installing Plugins in EclipseTo install plugins, follow these steps belowTestNG ConfigurationTestNG is essential for automating tests, especially for Java applications.Installation: Search for TestNG in the Eclipse Marketplace and install it. After restarting Eclipse, you’ll see TestNG options under the Run menu. Eclipse Installing TestNG PluginConfiguring TestNG Navigate to [direction]Window > Preferences > TestNG[/direction] In the settings panel, you can customize the default reporting format, enable/disable certain TestNG listeners, and configure runtime options. To create a TestNG XML file for managing test cases, right-click on your project > [direction]New > File [/direction] then name it testng.xml. Use this XML file to specify test cases, suites, and parameters, making test management structured and efficient.Maven Integration Maven simplifies dependency management and automates build processes, which is highly beneficial for QA projects.Installation: The plugin is typically available by default, but you can update it or reinstall via the Marketplace by searching for Eclipse m2e. Eclipse: Installing MavenConfiguring Maven Open [direction]Window > Preferences > Maven[/direction]. Set the Local Repository path, where Maven stores dependencies. This is helpful for projects with multiple modules to share dependencies. Configure Global Settings with a settings.xml file (found in your Maven installation), where you can define custom repositories, proxies, and settings for build behavior. To use Maven in a project, right-click the project [direction]Configure > Convert to Maven Project[/direction] This enables Maven’s pom.xml file for dependency and build configuration, where you can add dependencies and customize build configurationseGit Configuration eGit integrates Git version control into Eclipse, enabling smooth collaboration and code management.Installation: Search for EGit - Git Integration in the Eclipse Marketplace and install it if not already installed. Eclipse: Installing EGit PluginConfiguring eGit Open [direction] Window > Preferences > Team > Git[/direction] Set your Git repositories directory to manage where repositories are stored locally. Configure User Settings by entering your username and email address associated with your Git account, ensuring commits are tracked accurately. To add a project to Git, right-click the project > Team > Share Project and select Git. You can initialize a new repository or link to an existing one. eGit allows for staging, committing, and pushing changes directly from Eclipse, making version control seamless within the IDE.Cucumber Configuration Cucumber is widely used for behavior-driven development (BDD) and works well with Java, making it a valuable plugin for QA testers.Installation: Search for Cucumber Eclipse Plugin in the Eclipse Marketplace, and install it. Eclipse: Installing CucumberConfiguring Cucumber After installation, Cucumber automatically integrates with Eclipse and provides syntax highlighting for .feature files. In your project, create a features folder and add a .feature file for defining scenarios using Gherkin syntax. Right-click on your project > [direction]New > Other > Java Class [/direction] to create step definition classes that correspond to the steps in your feature files. Add the necessary Cucumber dependencies in your pom.xml file if you’re using Maven, specifying the versions for cucumber-java and cucumber-junit. Cucumber plugins typically include a runner class to execute scenarios from Eclipse directly, making BDD scenarios easy to manage and execute.SonarLint ConfigurationSonarLint is essential for maintaining code quality and integrates well with tools like SonarQube for static analysis.SonarLint can be installed from your IDE’s plugin marketplace. Search for SonarLint, install it, and restart your IDE if prompted. Eclipse: Installing SonarLint PluginConfiguring SonarLint Open SonarLint settings via [direction]Preferences > SonarLint[/direction]. Configure the plugin based on your project's needs. SonarLint enable real-time analysis in the settings to receive instant feedback as you write code. Use the Rules tab to customize which code quality rules are active and adjust severity levels to match your project's standards.Managing Installed Plugins Over time, it may be necessary to update or remove plugins. Updating ensures that your plugins are current and benefit from the latest bug fixes and features.To update plugins, go to Help Check for Updates . If you need to disable or remove a plugin, use Help About Eclipse IDE Installation Details . Here, you’ll find options to disable or uninstall plugins, making Eclipse adaptable to your evolving project needs.ConclusionInstalling and Configuring Plugins in Eclipse IDE is a crucial step for QA testers looking to streamline testing workflows, enhance automation, and ensure code quality. By carefully selecting and configuring plugins like TestNG, Maven, eGit, Cucumber, and SonarLint, you can transform Eclipse into a robust QA testing environment tailored to your specific needs. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Debugging Test Scripts in Eclipse, an essential skill for efficiently identifying and resolving issues in your test scripts, taking your QA testing capabilities to the next level. Debugging Test Scripts in Eclipse Debugging test scripts ensures that your code runs as expected by detecting and resolving any bugs or errors. This process is especially crucial for QA testers who must ensure that test cases cover various scenarios and perform optimally across different environments. Eclipse IDE provides a comprehensive debugging environment that allows testers to verify each step of their test scripts, improving test reliability and minimizing time spent on troubleshooting. By understanding the debugging tools in Eclipse, you can effectively handle complex test scenarios and ensure the accuracy of the results.Getting Started with Debugging in EclipseBefore diving into debugging, make sure that your test project is correctly configured in Eclipse. For most testers, this includes setting up a Java-based testing framework like JUnit or TestNG. Eclipse’s built-in support for these frameworks makes the setup straightforward:Open Your Test Project: Launch Eclipse and open the project that contains your test scripts. Eclipse: Opening Existing Project Configure Debugger Preferences: In Eclipse, navigate to Eclipse Settings Java Debug to customize your debugging environment. Here, you can adjust settings like step filters and timeout preferences, which can improve the debugging experience by filtering out unnecessary information. Eclipse: Navigating To Settings Eclipse: Java > Debug SettingsThe Debug PerspectiveThe Debug Perspective in Eclipse provides a dedicated layout with views optimized for debugging, including Breakpoints, Variables, Expressions, and Console. To open the Debug Perspective, select Window > Perspective > Open Perspective > Debug. This perspective organizes the tools you need for debugging in a single view, streamlining the process and making it easier to focus on your debugging tasks.BreakpointsBreakpoints allow you to pause the execution of your test script at specific lines of code. This feature is invaluable for identifying the exact point where your code may be failing.Setting a Breakpoint: To set a breakpoint, click on the left margin next to the line number where you want the code to pause. A blue dot will appear, indicating that the breakpoint is active. Eclipse: Setting Debug BreakpointConditional Breakpoints: Right-click on a breakpoint and select Breakpoint Properties to add conditions. This lets you pause the script only when certain criteria are met, which is useful for testing specific scenarios without repeatedly stepping through irrelevant code. Eclipse: Breakpoint Conditional Settings Eclipse: Breakpoint PropertiesDebugging Test Scripts in EclipseEclipse IDE offers several powerful debugging tools that can make the debugging process easier. Below are the key features every QA tester should know:Launching the Debug ModeTo start debugging, you’ll need to launch your test script in Debug mode. Right-click on the test file or method you want to debug, and select Debug As JUnit Test (or TestNG Test). This initiates the Debug mode, allowing you to observe how your code executes line by line. Eclipse: Debug As > JUnit TestInspecting Variables and ExpressionsWhen debugging test scripts in Eclipse, inspecting variable values at various breakpoints helps you understand how your data changes throughout execution.Variables View: The Variables tab in Eclipse’s Debug perspective shows the current values of variables in scope. This helps identify any unexpected or incorrect values that may be causing issues. Eclipse: Debug Perspective > Variables Tab Expressions: Add expressions in the Expressions tab to evaluate specific parts of your code, such as calculations or method calls. To add an expression, right-click in the Expressions view, select Add Watch Expression, and type in the expression you want to evaluate. Eclipse: Debug Perspective > ExpressionsStep Control OptionsEclipse provides a set of controls to navigate through your code, allowing you to step in, step over, or step out of functions and methods. These options help you analyze the flow of your test script and pinpoint problematic areas. Eclipse: Step Control Options Step Into (F5): This option allows you to dive deeper into methods, stepping line by line within functions to observe their behavior. Step Over (F6): If a method is performing correctly, you can step over it to move to the next line without diving into the method’s details. Step Return (F7): Step out of a method if you've completed inspection within it and want to return to the calling code.Advanced Debugging Techniques in EclipseFor more complex debugging needs, Eclipse offers advanced features that allow for deeper inspection of your test scripts.Evaluating Code at RuntimeEclipse allows you to evaluate expressions on the fly while debugging. This feature is beneficial for testing different variable values and checking how the test script would behave with these new values. To do this, right-click on a variable or code snippet and select Inspect or Display. Eclipse: Debug Perspective > Inspect Variable Eclipse: Debug Perspective > Inspect VariableUsing WatchpointsWatchpoints are a specialized type of breakpoint that pauses execution whenever the value of a specified variable changes. They are particularly useful when you need to track variable changes over time. To set a watchpoint, right-click on a variable declaration and select Watch. Eclipse: Debug As Add Variable To Watchlist Eclipse: Debug As Add Variable To Watchlist DetailsLogging and Console Output The Console view is essential for logging output and tracking print statements in your test scripts. Adding print statements can help trace the script’s execution and pinpoint where the code deviates from expected behavior. Console logs complement breakpoints by providing a broader overview of code flow. ConclusionDebugging test scripts in Eclipse is a powerful skill that enables quality testers to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of their scripts. By mastering features like breakpoints, step controls, and variable inspection, you can quickly identify and resolve issues in your code. Eclipse’s robust debugging environment allows testers to streamline the debugging process and focus on creating high-quality, reliable test scripts. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Managing External Libraries and Dependencies, a crucial aspect of handling third-party tools and frameworks effectively. This guide will help you enhance your projects by integrating and organizing external resources efficiently within Eclipse. Managing External Libraries and Dependencies Managing External Libraries and Dependencies is crucial for quality testers and developers, as it ensures that your project has access to all necessary resources and external libraries for testing or development. Dependencies allow your project to pull in necessary libraries, APIs, and frameworks, saving time and ensuring that your code performs optimally with fewer issues. With Eclipse IDE, managing dependencies becomes efficient, provided you follow a structured approach.Adding External Libraries in Eclipse IDEThe first step in Managing External Libraries and Dependencies in Eclipse involves understanding how to add them properly. In Eclipse, you can manually add external libraries by following these steps: Locate the Build Path: Right-click on your project in the Project Explorer, go to Build Path, and select Configure Build Path. The Build Path contains all the libraries and dependencies your project relies on. Adding External JAR Files: In the Build Path dialog, navigate to the Libraries tab, where you can add external JAR files. This is useful when you need to incorporate pre-compiled libraries. Click on Add External JARs, browse to the location of your JAR files, and add them to your project. Setting Library Order: Eclipse allows you to organize the order in which libraries are loaded. This order matters, especially if multiple libraries share similar class names. You can adjust the library order under the Order and Export tab in the Build Path settings. Library Documentation and Source Code: If you need access to a library’s documentation, Eclipse allows you to attach Javadoc to each library. Simply select the library, click on Javadoc Location, and provide the Javadoc URL. This can be highly beneficial for testing purposes, as you can directly access API documentation within the IDE.Adding external libraries in Eclipse through this method is helpful for quality testers using static libraries or custom libraries provided by third parties. However, to manage dynamic dependencies, integrating a dependency management tool is often more effective.Using Maven for Dependency ManagementMaven and Gradle are popular dependency management tools that integrate seamlessly with Eclipse IDE. They simplify Managing External Libraries and Dependencies by using centralized configuration files, such as pom.xml for Maven or build.gradle for Gradle. These files allow you to specify your dependencies, and the tools automatically handle downloading and adding the necessary libraries.Maven Dependencies in EclipseAdding Dependencies in pom.xml: Open the pom.xml file in your Maven project and add dependencies. For instance, to add JUnit for testing, include:pom.xml<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>Dependency Management: Maven automates dependency updates, ensuring that all dependencies are compatible. Additionally, it manages transitive dependencies, automatically including libraries that your main dependencies rely on.ConclusionEfficiently managing external libraries and dependencies in Eclipse is essential for quality testers and developers. Whether you use the manual approach for static libraries or leverage tools like Maven and Gradle for dynamic dependencies, effective dependency management ensures seamless project workflows, improved testing accuracy, and minimized errors. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code, which will help you enhance the structure, readability, and maintainability of your test scripts, making them more resilient and easier to manage. Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code are essential to maintaining test reliability and making automated testing more efficient and manageable. In the fast-paced world of quality assurance (QA), test code can quickly become complex and challenging to maintain, especially in extensive systems. Test refactoring is a systematic approach to improving the code’s structure without changing its behavior, enhancing readability, maintainability, and overall performance. This guide will walk you through effective techniques and best practices for refactoring test code in Eclipse IDE, a popular development environment used by quality testers.Why Refactor Test Code in Eclipse?Refactoring test code not only simplifies future updates but also reduces the chances of introducing bugs or inconsistencies in your automated tests. By using Eclipse IDE, a comprehensive platform for Java development, you can leverage tools and shortcuts to enhance the refactoring process. Eclipse’s built-in support for automated refactoring, code organization, and error-checking makes it an excellent choice for handling large test suites. Proper refactoring ensures tests are reliable, efficient, and sustainable as your project scales.Identify Problematic Test CodeStart by reviewing your test code for issues that may hinder maintainability or clarity. Tests that are difficult to understand, redundant, or prone to failure often signal the need for refactoring. Use Eclipse’s Code Smells feature to identify areas for improvement, such as duplicated code, overly complex methods, or excessive dependencies. Prioritizing areas that impact test readability or lead to frequent failures will yield the most benefit from refactoring.Keep Tests Small and FocusedOne of the primary goals in refactoring is to ensure each test has a single responsibility. Tests that cover multiple scenarios or actions are not only harder to debug but can also mask issues that may only occur in specific conditions. Refactoring large tests into smaller, focused tests improves readability and maintainability. In Eclipse, you can easily extract methods or classes, allowing for the separation of test responsibilities and making each test easier to manage.Use Descriptive Naming ConventionsDescriptive and consistent naming conventions make your test code self-explanatory, reducing the need for excessive comments or documentation. Rename variables, methods, and classes to reflect their purpose accurately, ensuring that anyone reading the test code understands its functionality without additional context. In Eclipse, the Rename (Shift+Alt+R) refactoring tool allows you to rename elements safely across your codebase, updating references automatically.Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code in EclipseUtilize Parameterized TestsRepeating the same logic across multiple tests with slight variations can lead to redundant code and maintenance issues. Parameterized tests allow you to pass different sets of data to a single test method, reducing code duplication. This approach is particularly effective in unit testing frameworks like JUnit, integrated into Eclipse. Use the JUnit Parameterized class or JUnit 5’s @ParameterizedTest to refactor repetitive tests, creating a cleaner and more maintainable suite.Organize Tests by FunctionalityOrganizing your test cases by functionality, such as creating folders or packages for specific modules, components, or screens, provides a clear structure to your tests. This structure enhances readability and makes it easier to locate specific tests. In Eclipse, you can create custom packages and use annotations to categorize tests, making it easier to navigate large test suites.Refactor Assertions for ClarityAssertions are critical in determining if tests pass or fail, so it’s essential to keep them simple and descriptive. Avoid complex assertion logic that can obscure the intent of the test. Using custom assertion methods can add clarity, especially in complex test scenarios. Eclipse supports a range of assertion libraries, such as AssertJ and Hamcrest, which provide fluent assertion syntax and enhance readability.Leverage Code Coverage ToolsCode coverage tools, like EclEmma for Eclipse, help you identify untested code sections, offering insights into areas that may require additional tests. High coverage does not guarantee perfect tests but helps ensure that your code is well-tested and reliable. Use coverage reports to guide your refactoring efforts and ensure critical paths are tested comprehensively.ConclusionRefactoring test code is a vital practice for maintaining high-quality, reliable test suites. By following these best practices in Eclipse, quality testers can improve code readability, reduce redundancy, and enhance test efficiency. From using parameterized tests and helper methods to adopting mocking and organizing tests by functionality, Eclipse offers numerous tools to simplify and streamline the refactoring process. Embrace these strategies to keep your test code clean, maintainable, and adaptable to future project requirements. Remember, consistent refactoring is the key to sustainable test automation that scales effectively with your application. Android Studio Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Android Studio 6 Topics Introduction to Android Studio Setting Up Your First Android Emulator Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator Using ADB with Android Emulators Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators Performance Testing on Android Emulators Read More VSCodeVisual Studio Code (VSCode) is a powerful, open-source code editor developed by Microsoft. It has rapidly become one of the most popular code editors among developers due to its rich features and versatility. Getting Started with VSCodeIntroductionGetting started with VSCode for QA testers was one of the best decisions I made when optimizing my testing workflow. Visual Studio Code is a lightweight but powerful code editor that supports testing frameworks, extensions, version control, and more. In this guide, I’ll walk you through how to set up and start using VSCode from a QA tester’s perspective.Why VSCode for QA Testing?As a QA tester, I need a tool that balances simplicity with power. VSCode ticks all the boxes with its integrated terminal, debugging capabilities, and rich ecosystem of extensions. Plus, it’s free and supports every major OS.Installing VSCodeYou can download Visual Studio Code from https://code.visualstudio.com/. After installing, I recommend launching it and exploring the default interface, including the Activity Bar, Side Bar, Editor, and Terminal.Basic Interface OverviewExplorer: Allows you to view and open files.Search: Great for locating variables or test IDs across your test suites.Source Control: Integrates with Git for version control.Run and Debug: Helps in running and debugging scripts directly.Extensions: Adds functionality for testing, syntax highlighting, and more.Setting Up for TestingI usually start by installing Java, Node.js, or Python depending on the type of tests I’m working with. For Java-based TestNG testing, setting up Java SDK and a build tool like Maven or Gradle is essential.ConclusionStarting your QA journey with VSCode opens up a world of productivity tools. It’s lightweight, fast, and highly customizable. In the next guide, I’ll show you how to enhance your setup in Customizing Your VSCode Environment for Efficient Testing. Customizing Your VSCode Environment for TestingCustomizing your VSCode environment for testing is the secret sauce to productivity. Out of the box, VSCode is amazing, but customizing the UI, shortcuts, and configurations made my day-to-day QA tasks much smoother and faster.Customizing VSCode for TestingTo begin customizing VSCode for testing, I like to adjust the settings using the built-in settings.json file. This allows me to change things like auto-save behavior, test framework integration, and indentation rules.Themes and IconsOne of the first things I do is install a theme that reduces eye strain and makes elements stand out. “One Dark Pro” and “Material Theme” are popular among testers. I also use “VSCode Icons” to improve file-type visibility.Custom Settings for TestingI edit my settings.json with these tweaks:JSON{ "editor.formatOnSave": true, "files.autoSave": "onWindowChange", "testExplorer.showExpandButton": "always", "workbench.colorTheme": "One Dark Pro" }These changes ensure that my code stays clean and consistent, while also making the testing UI easy to work with.Task AutomationI add custom tasks in .vscode/tasks.json to run test suites or lint checkers automatically. This saves me from manually typing long commands in the terminal.ConclusionCustomizing your VSCode environment for efficient testing not only boosts your productivity but also personalizes your workspace for better focus and fewer errors. Next up, let’s explore powerful plugins in Mastering Extensions and Plugins in VSCode. Mastering Extensions and Plugins in VSCodeIntroductionMastering extensions and plugins in VSCode has been a game-changer in my QA workflow. VSCode’s extension marketplace offers countless tools that simplify testing, debugging, formatting, and even test report generation.Best Extensions and Plugins in VSCodeHere are my favorite extensions for QA testing:Java Test Runner – Runs TestNG/JUnit tests inside VSCode.Test Explorer UI – Integrates with test runners like Mocha, Jest, and TestNG.REST Client – Sends HTTP requests directly from VSCode, great for API testing.Prettier – Maintains consistent code formatting.GitLens – Enhances Git capabilities for team collaboration.Installing and Managing ExtensionsFrom the Extensions sidebar (Ctrl+Shift+X), I search and install relevant tools. I often manage and disable unused extensions from the command palette with Extensions: Show Installed Extensions.Automating with ExtensionsSome extensions support auto-discovery of test files, automatic running of tests on save, and showing test results inline. This is incredibly useful when running hundreds of tests during regression cycles.ConclusionBy mastering extensions and plugins in VSCode, you gain powerful tools at your fingertips without bloating your system. In the next guide, we’ll look at how to work smarter with Using VSCode for Efficient Code Navigation and Refactoring. Using VSCode for Code Navigation and RefactoringIntroductionUsing VSCode for efficient code navigation and refactoring has drastically improved how I read, edit, and understand large codebases during test automation. When I’m working on complex TestNG test suites or debugging flaky test scripts, good navigation and refactoring tools save tons of time.Efficient Code Navigation in VSCodeI use these built-in features every day:Go to Definition (F12) – Jumps to method or class definitions.Peek Definition (Alt+F12) – Views the definition inline without switching files.Find All References (Shift+F12) – Lists where a variable or method is used.Breadcrumbs – Shows file path and class/method structure at the top.Refactoring in VSCodeVSCode offers intelligent suggestions like:Rename symbol (F2)Extract method or constantConvert variable to constantAuto-import missing packagesThese tools come in handy when maintaining test code quality or breaking large test methods into reusable ones.ConclusionUsing VSCode for efficient code navigation and refactoring helps QA testers and developers move faster, write better tests, and debug efficiently. Now that you can move around code like a pro, let’s dive into Debugging Test Scripts in VSCode. Debugging Test Scripts in VSCodeIntroductionDebugging test scripts in VSCode is a must-have skill for every QA tester. I often need to figure out why a test is failing or why the automation behaves unexpectedly—and VSCode’s debugging tools make that process intuitive.Debugging in VSCode for QA TestersHere’s how I typically debug a test:Set Breakpoints: Click next to the line number to pause execution.Start Debugging: Use the Run and Debug panel or hit F5.Inspect Variables: Hover over variables to view current values.Step Over/Into: Navigate line-by-line using toolbar controls.Watch & Call Stack: View variable changes and call hierarchy.Configuring launch.jsonHere’s an example for a Java TestNG project:JSON{ "editor.formatOnSave": true, "files.autoSave": "onWindowChange", "testExplorer.showExpandButton": "always", "workbench.colorTheme": "One Dark Pro" }ConclusionDebugging test scripts in VSCode transforms guesswork into precision testing. It’s the most efficient way to resolve test failures. Next, I’ll show you how to collaborate better by Integrating Version Control and CI Tools in VSCode. Integrating Version Control and CI Tools in VSCodeIntroductionIntegrating version control and CI tools in VSCode helped me level up my QA workflow and work better with developers. With Git and continuous integration built into my editor, I no longer switch between tools to manage commits, branches, or check CI status.Version Control and CI in VSCodeIn the Source Control tab, I can stage files, write commit messages, and push code directly. I also use GitLens for enhanced history tracking, blame annotations, and branch comparisons.CI Tools and ExtensionsFor CI integration, I rely on:GitHub Actions: View and trigger workflows via GitHub integration.GitLab Workflow: View merge requests, pipelines, and issues.Jenkins Extension: View build statuses and logs in the editor.Automating QA with CII integrate VSCode with CI tools so that whenever I push a test, it automatically runs regression tests on a build server and posts results back to GitHub or GitLab. This ensures code quality and catches regressions early.ConclusionIntegrating version control and CI tools in VSCode empowers QA testers to work seamlessly in modern development pipelines. With all the power of Git and CI tools inside your editor, you can focus on what really matters—quality.You’re now ready to take full advantage of what VSCode offers. Want to keep leveling up? Explore more tool-specific guides on the Mastering QA website. XCodeOfficial DocsDiscover the full potential of app development and testing with Xcode. Visit the official Xcode documentation for comprehensive guides, detailed setup instructions, and expert insights. Start your development journey today by exploring the Official Xcode Docs. Become a Pro Member – Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Getting Started with XcodeIntroductionAs a QA tester or developer, getting started with Xcode is your first step into the Apple development ecosystem. Whether you’re writing automated tests or debugging iOS applications, Xcode is the go-to IDE. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the fundamentals of setting up and navigating Xcode, so you can hit the ground running with iOS development and testing.What is Xcode?Xcode is Apple’s official IDE used for creating iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS apps. It includes a code editor, UI designer (Interface Builder), simulator, debugger, and more. For QA professionals, Xcode also serves as a platform to test, simulate, and automate iOS applications effectively.Installing XcodeYou can download Xcode from the Mac App Store. Ensure you have a Mac running the latest version of macOS for compatibility. Once installed, launch it and accept the license agreement.Key Components of Xcode Workspace Window: Where all development happens. Navigator Area: Helps you browse files, symbols, and issues. Editor Area: Displays your code or storyboard. Utilities Area: Offers file and object inspectors. Toolbar: Includes the run, stop, and simulator controls.Setting Up Your First Project Open Xcode > File > New > Project. Select a template (e.g., App under iOS). Fill in product name, organization, and identifier. Choose Swift or Objective-C. Save the project in your desired location.This project will be your playground for future guides.ConclusionBy now, you should be comfortable with getting started with Xcode, understanding its interface, and creating your first project. You’re ready to dive deeper. Continue to the next guide: Creating and Managing iOS Projects in Xcode. Creating and Managing iOS Projects in XcodeIntroductionCreating and managing iOS projects in Xcode is a crucial skill for both testers and developers. In this guide, I’ll break down the project structure, how to configure essential settings, and how to organize your codebase for scalable testing and development.Creating a New iOS ProjectWhen I create a new project, I focus on selecting the correct template (e.g., App or Tabbed App), configuring the correct bundle identifier, and choosing the language (Swift is common today). Xcode organizes your project with .xcodeproj or .xcworkspace files, which are crucial for project loading.Understanding the Project NavigatorThe Project Navigator on the left panel displays your files and folders. I usually separate folders by: Models Views ViewControllers Tests ResourcesThis structure helps streamline both development and QA.Configuring Targets and SchemesTargets are the build output units, while schemes define how your app is built, run, tested, and archived. Navigate to Project Targets Add a new Target for UI Tests if needed Use Product Scheme Manage Schemes to switch between schemesWorking with Info.plistThe Info.plist file is where you manage app permissions, configurations, and metadata. I often set things like: App display name Bundle identifier Permissions for camera, location, etc.ConclusionCreating and managing iOS projects in Xcode sets the stage for a robust development and testing workflow. Up next, we’ll look at how to actually compile and run your app in Xcode. Read the next guide: Building and Running iOS Apps in Xcode.Integrating GitVersion control is essential. You can connect to a Git repository by selecting Source Control New Git or cloning an existing one via the welcome window. Building and Running iOS Apps in XcodeUnderstanding building and running iOS apps in Xcode is essential for testing and development. In this guide, I’ll show you how to compile your code, deploy it to simulators or devices, and debug build-related issues.Building Your AppThe build process in Xcode compiles your code into a binary. To build: Click the Build button (Cmd + B) Watch the output in the Issue Navigator Fix any build errors that appearYou can also use Product Build from the top menu.Running Your AppTo run your app: Choose a simulator (e.g., iPhone 14) from the device dropdown Click the Run button (Cmd + R) Your app will compile and launch in the simulatorUsing Real DevicesIf you have a physical iPhone: Connect via USB Trust the computer from your iPhone Select your device from the run dropdown Ensure signing certificates are set up correctly under Signing & CapabilitiesBuild ConfigurationsXcode allows you to define Debug, Release, or custom build configurations. These control optimization levels and debugging options.Troubleshooting Build ErrorsCommon issues include: Missing provisioning profiles Invalid bundle identifiers Swift version mismatchesUse the Report Navigator to view full build logs.ConclusionNow you know how to build and run iOS apps in Xcode efficiently. This foundation is crucial before moving into testing environments. Next, we’ll look at Working with Simulators and Devices in Xcode. Working with Simulators and Devices in XcodeIntroductionWhen testing iOS apps, working with simulators and devices in Xcode allows you to cover a wide range of environments. I rely heavily on simulators for speed, but nothing beats real device testing for accuracy.Using SimulatorsLaunch a simulator using Cmd + R or manually via Xcode > Open Developer Tool > Simulator. You can simulate: Different iPhone/iPad models Various iOS versions Location (e.g., moving car, static coordinates) Device states (e.g., rotation, backgrounding)Installing Apps on SimulatorsApps automatically install when run from Xcode. Alternatively, I use .app bundles with xcrun simctl install for testing outside of Xcode.Testing on Physical DevicesAfter registering your device and enabling Developer Mode: Connect the device Allow access and trust it Select it from the devices list Deploy the appYou can view logs using Devices and Simulators > View Device LogsManaging Devices and SimulatorsGo to Window Devices and Simulators to add new simulators, reset them, or pair physical devices. Resetting is useful when you want to test fresh installs.Debugging Device IssuesXcode may show errors like Failed to install app or No provisioning profile. These can be fixed by: Ensuring the correct team and profile Resetting the trust relationship Restarting the deviceConclusionMastering working with simulators and devices in Xcode ensures you test across all target platforms. Let’s move to the next guide: Debugging iOS Applications with Xcode Tools. Debugging iOS Applications with Xcode ToolsIntroductionAs a QA engineer, I often dive into debugging iOS applications with Xcode tools to resolve crashes, test issues, or UI bugs. Xcode provides powerful instruments to trace, inspect, and fix problems in real time.Breakpoints and LLDBSet breakpoints by clicking the gutter next to a line. Once paused, you can: Use the debug console for variable inspection Step through code with Step Over, Step Into, and Step Out Use LLDB commands like po, p, bt, and continueView DebuggerThis tool lets you inspect the UI hierarchy visually. Activate it while debugging to: Check if a view exists Verify constraints Debug z-index and layout issuesLogs and Console OutputUse print() statements or NSLog() to print messages in the console. I also rely on os_log for structured logging in production builds.Memory and Performance ToolsGo to Product Profile to launch Instruments, which includes: Time Profiler Leaks Allocations Energy LogThese are essential for tracking performance regressions.Crash LogsFor crashes on devices: Use Devices View Device Logs Export crash logs Analyze with symbolicating tools if neededConclusionBy now, you’ve seen how debugging iOS applications with Xcode tools helps identify and resolve issues efficiently. Next, let’s dive into automation with Advanced Testing and Automation in Xcode. Advanced Testing and Automation in XcodeSetting Up Unit TestsWhen creating a new project, ensure Include Unit Tests is checked. You can add more test files under the Tests directory. Use XCTest like so:IntroductionIn this final guide, we’re diving into advanced testing and automation in Xcode. I’ll cover UI tests, unit tests, and integrating Xcode with CI/CD workflows to boost your QA pipeline.Swiftfunc testAddition() { let sum = 2 + 3 XCTAssertEqual(sum, 5) }Writing UI TestsUI Tests simulate real interactions. Add a new UI Test Target and use XCUIApplication() to tap buttons or validate UI states.Swiftlet app = XCUIApplication() app.launch() app.buttons["Login"].tap() XCTAssert(app.staticTexts["Welcome"].exists)Running Tests from CLIUse xcodebuild:Bashxcodebuild test -scheme YourAppScheme -destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 14'This is essential for automation and CI pipelines.CI/CD with XcodeUse Xcode Cloud, Jenkins, or GitHub Actions to run automated tests and deliver builds. Key tips: Archive builds with xcodebuild archive Export IPA files Run xcodebuild test in the pipelineConclusionMastering advanced testing and automation in Xcode empowers you to deliver high-quality apps at scale. You now have the full roadmap from setup to automation. Keep exploring new tools, and happy testing!
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Android Studio Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Android Studio 6 Topics Introduction to Android Studio Setting Up Your First Android Emulator Installing an APK app on an Android Emulator Using ADB with Android Emulators Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators Performance Testing on Android Emulators Read More
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Automating UI Tests on Android Emulators Building on our knowledge of ADB, this guide focuses on automating UI tests on Android emulators. Automated UI tests ensure that your application’s user interface behaves as expected across different scenarios and devices.Why Automate UI Tests?Automated UI tests save time and resources by running tests that simulate user interactions. They help identify bugs and inconsistencies in the UI, providing a reliable way to maintain high-quality applications.Setting Up Espresso for UI TestingAdd DependenciesYou need to add Espresso and other related dependencies in your build.gradle file of your Android app module (app/build.gradle).android/app/build.gradle defaultConfig { testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" }Create a Test Class In src/androidTest/java and call it MainActivityTest.This test will ensure that the app is launched and ready for interaction. The test method will simulate a user clicking the plus button and verifies the resulting UI state.MainActivityTest.class@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) @LargeTest public class MainActivityTest {@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class): This annotation tells JUnit to run the test class using the AndroidJUnit4 test runner. This runner provides compatibility with Android components and manages the test lifecycle.@LargeTest: This annotation classifies the test as a “large” test. Large tests typically involve integration testing, where multiple components of the application are tested together.MainActivity.class@Rule public ActivityScenarioRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityScenarioRule<>(MainActivity.class); @Rule public DisableAnimationsRule disableAnimationsRule = new DisableAnimationsRule();@Rule: Rules in JUnit are used to add or extend the behavior of each test method in a test class. They provide additional functionality before and after each test is run.ActivityScenarioRule<MainActivity> activityRule: This rule launches the specified activity (MainActivity in this case) before each test and closes it after each test. It provides a simplified way to test activities. The ActivityScenarioRule starts and stops the activity and also ensures that the activity is running before the test begins.DisableAnimationsRule disableAnimationsRule: This custom rule is used to disable system animations during the test run. Animations can interfere with Espresso tests by causing unexpected delays or timing issues, so disabling them ensures more consistent test results.MainActivity.class@Test public void testClickPlusButton() throws InterruptedException { // Click the plus button to open the AddEditTaskActivity onView(withId(R.id.fab)).perform(click()); // Verify that the AddEditTaskActivity is displayed by checking for the presence of the title EditText onView(withId(R.id.titleEditText)).check(matches(withText(""))); }@Test: This annotation indicates that the following method is a test method. JUnit will execute this method as a test case.public void testClickPlusButton(): This is the test method. The method name typically describes what is being tested. In this case, it tests the behavior of clicking the plus button.onView(withId(R.id.fab)).perform(click());: This line uses Espresso to interact with the UI. It finds a view with the ID fab which is the floating action button in this app and performs a click action on it. Espresso’s onView method is used to find views in the current activity’s layout, and perform is used to execute actions on those views.onView(withId(R.id.titleEditText)).check(matches(withText("")));: This line verifies that a view with the ID titleEditText is displayed and that its text is empty. This check is used to confirm that the AddEditTaskActivity is displayed by looking for the presence of an empty title EditText. The check method is used to perform assertions on views, and matches verifies that the view’s state matches the specified condition. Since this is a ToDo app, let’s enhance the test suite by adding two more critical scenarios: one for adding a task and another for deleting a task. These scenarios will ensure that the core functionalities of creating and removing tasks are working as expected.MainActivity.class@Test public void testAddTask() throws InterruptedException { // Click the plus button to open the AddEditTaskActivity onView(withId(R.id.fab)).perform(click()); // Enter text into the title and description fields and close the keyboard onView(withId(R.id.titleEditText)) .perform(typeText("New Task Title"), closeSoftKeyboard()); onView(withId(R.id.descriptionEditText)) .perform(typeText("New Task Description"), closeSoftKeyboard()); // Click the save button onView(withId(R.id.saveButton)).perform(click()); // Verify that the new task is displayed onView(withText(endsWith("New Task Title"))) .check(matches(isDisplayed())); } @Test public void testDeleteTask() throws InterruptedException { // Delete the task onView(withId(R.id.doneButton)).perform(click()); Thread.sleep(2000); // Verify that the task is deleted by checking that the item is not in the list onView(withText(endsWith("Task to Delete"))).check(doesNotExist()); Thread.sleep(2000); }Running UI TestsClick on the green play icon next to the class definition to run all tests in the class. Alternatively, click on the green play icon next to individual test methods to run specific tests. Running Android UI TestViewing Test Results Once the tests start running, the Run window will display the progress and results. The Run window shows which tests passed or failed, along with detailed logs and stack traces for any failures.Analyze Test Results Green checkmarks indicate passed tests. Red X marks indicate failed tests, with details about the failure. Yellow warning signs indicate ignored or skipped tests. Reviewing Expresso Test ResultsConclusionAutomating UI tests with Espresso provides a robust way to ensure your app’s user interface functions correctly. Next, we’ll explore performance testing on Android emulators, which is vital for optimizing your app’s performance. Proceed to Performance Testing on Android Emulators for more information.
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Eclipse Official DocsDive into the official Eclipse webpage for comprehensive resources, tools, and updates straight from the source. Check out Eclipse.org to learn more about Eclipse! Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles How to Install Eclipse IDE How to Create a New Maven Project in Eclipse Installing and Configuring Plugins Debugging Test Scripts in Eclipse Managing External Libraries and Dependencies Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code How to Install Eclipse IDE Eclipse IDE is a powerful and flexible integrated development environment (IDE) widely used by developers and testers alike. It supports various programming languages and frameworks, making it an ideal choice for both manual and automation testing projects. This guide will show you how to install Eclipse. Whether you’re just starting with manual testing or diving into automation, having Eclipse installed is the first step to streamlining your workflow. Eclipse HomepageDownload Eclipse IDETo begin with how to install Eclipse, start by downloading the IDE from the official website. Go to the Eclipse Downloads page, where you will find various Eclipse IDE packages. Eclipse Download PackagesFor testers primarily working with Java, the Eclipse IDE for Java Developers package is often ideal, as it includes essential tools for working with frameworks like Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG. Select the version appropriate for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux), and click the Download button. Eclipse IDE for Java Developers Eclipse Download ButtonMove Eclipse App in the Applications FolderAfter downloading Eclipse on your Mac, navigate to the folder where the downloaded Eclipse file is located. Drag the Eclipse app icon from the download location and drop it into your Applications folder. This step places Eclipse in your main applications directory, making it easy to access. Eclipse Move App To Applications FolderOnce you’ve moved Eclipse to Applications, open the app by navigating to Applications and double-clicking the Eclipse icon or by using Launchpad. Eclipse App To Applications FolderThe first time you open Eclipse, macOS may display a security prompt warning that the app was downloaded from the internet. Simply confirm that you trust the application to proceed. Eclipse Permission PromptLaunch Eclipse IDEWhen Eclipse opens, it will prompt you to select a workspace folder, which serves as the default directory for all your projects and files. Choose a location that is easy to remember, then click Launch to enter the IDE. Eclipse Workspace Directory Eclipse Welcome PageConclusionNow that you’ve successfully learned how to install Eclipse, you’re ready to begin using the IDE for manual or automation testing projects. With its robust plugin ecosystem and flexible configuration options, Eclipse offers everything a tester needs to write, organize, and debug test cases efficiently. Whether you’re working with Selenium, JUnit, or TestNG, this installation guide has you covered, ensuring a smooth setup process. Eclipse IDE is the perfect tool for both beginner and advanced testers, enabling you to run your test projects seamlessly.In the next guide, you’ll learn How to Create a New Maven Project in Eclipse, taking your setup further to manage dependencies and build automation with ease. How to Create a New Maven Project in Eclipse Creating a new Maven project in Eclipse is essential for testers who want to leverage the power of dependency management and build automation. Eclipse, one of the most popular Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Java, supports Maven integration, making it easier to configure, build, and manage complex Java projects with just a few clicks. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced developer, understanding how to create a new Maven project in Eclipse can streamline your development process and set up the foundation for efficient project management.Setting Up Eclipse for Maven ProjectsBefore creating a new Maven project in Eclipse, ensure that your IDE is configured with the Maven plugin. In most cases, the latest versions of Eclipse come with built-in support for Maven. However, if Maven is missing, you can install the Maven Integration for Eclipse (m2e) plugin through the Eclipse Marketplace. This plugin enables Maven support in Eclipse, allowing you to manage dependencies, build configurations, and other Maven-related features directly within the IDE. Verify Maven Integration: Go to Help > Eclipse Marketplace and search for Maven Integration for Eclipse. If it’s installed, you’ll see an option to update. Otherwise, select Install to add Maven support to Eclipse. Eclipse Maven Plugin Tip: Check Java Version Since Maven requires Java, ensure that your Eclipse workspace is configured with the correct Java Development Kit (JDK) version, ideally matching your project requirements.Start a New Maven Project in EclipseTo create a new Maven project, follow these steps:Open Eclipse and navigate to File New Project… Eclipse Create A New ProjectIn the New Project dialog, select Maven Project under the Maven folder, then click Next . Eclipse Maven ProjectThe Select Project Name and Location page will appear. Here, you can specify if you want to create the project in the default workspace or in a custom location. In this guide we’re going to checkUse default Workspace location. Maven Use Default Project LocationCreate a Simple ProjectCreate a Simple Project, you can check the option to Create a simple project (skip archetype selection) to start with a minimal setup without selecting a specific archetype. Eclipse Maven Create A Simple ProjectDefine Group ID and Artifact IDThe Group ID and Artifact ID are crucial identifiers for Maven projects: Eclipse Maven Group ID and Artifact ID Group ID: This is usually a unique identifier for your organization or project. Ex - com.web.demo.app Artifact ID: Represents the project’s name, which will become the final artifact name - WebDemoApp.Next, set the version. You have the option to assign a custom version if you need specific versioning control, or simply use the default setting for a simple setup. Eclipse Maven Set Version Set Version: Leave the default version as 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT if you’re beginning the initial version, or specify a different version if required. Finish: Click Finish to allow Eclipse to create the project structure based on the selected archetype.Explore the Maven Project StructureOnce created, your new Maven project will appear in the Eclipse Package Explorer with a predefined structure. Familiarize yourself with the main folders: src/main/java: This directory holds the main source code. src/test/java: Used for tests. pom.xml: The Project Object Model (POM) file where all dependencies, plugins, and build configurations for the project are defined.Configuring Dependencies in pom.xmlThe pom.xml file is the heart of any Maven project. It allows you to declare project dependencies, build profiles, and plugins. To add dependencies: Open pom.xml: Go to the pom.xml file in the root directory of your project. Add Dependencies: Insert dependencies for libraries or frameworks your project requires. For example, to add JUnit, add this:pom.xml<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> Save and Update Project: Save the pom.xml file, and Eclipse will automatically download the necessary JAR files from the Maven repository.Build and Run the Maven ProjectMaven projects can be built directly from Eclipse: Build Project: Right-click on the project in the Package Explorer, then select [direction]Run As > Maven build[/direction]. This triggers the build process, compiling the code and packaging it based on the pom.xml configuration. Run Project: If you’re working on a simple Java project, you can run the main class by navigating to [direction]Run As > Java Application[/direction].ConclusionBy following this guide, you’ve gained a foundation for effectively using Maven with Eclipse, making it easier to manage complex Java projects with consistency and efficiency. Whether you’re setting up for the first time or integrating Maven into an existing project, mastering these steps will significantly enhance your Eclipse IDE experience.In the next guide, you’ll explore Installing and Configuring Plugins in Eclipse, which will further extend your development capabilities and customization options within the IDE. Installing and Configuring Plugins In Eclipse, plugins are extensions that enhance the functionality of the IDE by adding specialized tools, functionalities, or integrations with other platforms and frameworks. For QA testers, Eclipse plugins can integrate automation tools, debugging utilities, code analysis, and version control, among other features. Proper Installing and Configuring Plugins can make Eclipse a versatile tool to handle your testing requirements efficiently.Installing Essential Plugins for QABefore Installing and Configuring Plugins, it’s essential to identify which ones will best enhance Eclipse for QA. Here are some plugins that significantly improve the testing workflow: TestNG: A robust testing framework for running test scripts, especially suited for Java applications, and is often used with Selenium for automation testing. Maven Integration for Eclipse: Ideal for managing dependencies, building projects, and automating repetitive tasks within Java projects. eGit: A powerful integration for Git version control, enabling efficient source control management and collaborative testing. Cucumber: A behavior-driven development (BDD) framework that allows you to write test cases in Gherkin syntax, enhancing readability and team alignment. SonarLint: A popular static code analysis tool that helps developers detect and fix coding issues in real-time & enhancing code quality.Each of these plugins supports essential QA functionalities, making Eclipse a more productive environment for quality testing and automation.Installing Plugins in EclipseTo install plugins, follow these steps belowTestNG ConfigurationTestNG is essential for automating tests, especially for Java applications.Installation: Search for TestNG in the Eclipse Marketplace and install it. After restarting Eclipse, you’ll see TestNG options under the Run menu. Eclipse Installing TestNG PluginConfiguring TestNG Navigate to [direction]Window > Preferences > TestNG[/direction] In the settings panel, you can customize the default reporting format, enable/disable certain TestNG listeners, and configure runtime options. To create a TestNG XML file for managing test cases, right-click on your project > [direction]New > File [/direction] then name it testng.xml. Use this XML file to specify test cases, suites, and parameters, making test management structured and efficient.Maven Integration Maven simplifies dependency management and automates build processes, which is highly beneficial for QA projects.Installation: The plugin is typically available by default, but you can update it or reinstall via the Marketplace by searching for Eclipse m2e. Eclipse: Installing MavenConfiguring Maven Open [direction]Window > Preferences > Maven[/direction]. Set the Local Repository path, where Maven stores dependencies. This is helpful for projects with multiple modules to share dependencies. Configure Global Settings with a settings.xml file (found in your Maven installation), where you can define custom repositories, proxies, and settings for build behavior. To use Maven in a project, right-click the project [direction]Configure > Convert to Maven Project[/direction] This enables Maven’s pom.xml file for dependency and build configuration, where you can add dependencies and customize build configurationseGit Configuration eGit integrates Git version control into Eclipse, enabling smooth collaboration and code management.Installation: Search for EGit - Git Integration in the Eclipse Marketplace and install it if not already installed. Eclipse: Installing EGit PluginConfiguring eGit Open [direction] Window > Preferences > Team > Git[/direction] Set your Git repositories directory to manage where repositories are stored locally. Configure User Settings by entering your username and email address associated with your Git account, ensuring commits are tracked accurately. To add a project to Git, right-click the project > Team > Share Project and select Git. You can initialize a new repository or link to an existing one. eGit allows for staging, committing, and pushing changes directly from Eclipse, making version control seamless within the IDE.Cucumber Configuration Cucumber is widely used for behavior-driven development (BDD) and works well with Java, making it a valuable plugin for QA testers.Installation: Search for Cucumber Eclipse Plugin in the Eclipse Marketplace, and install it. Eclipse: Installing CucumberConfiguring Cucumber After installation, Cucumber automatically integrates with Eclipse and provides syntax highlighting for .feature files. In your project, create a features folder and add a .feature file for defining scenarios using Gherkin syntax. Right-click on your project > [direction]New > Other > Java Class [/direction] to create step definition classes that correspond to the steps in your feature files. Add the necessary Cucumber dependencies in your pom.xml file if you’re using Maven, specifying the versions for cucumber-java and cucumber-junit. Cucumber plugins typically include a runner class to execute scenarios from Eclipse directly, making BDD scenarios easy to manage and execute.SonarLint ConfigurationSonarLint is essential for maintaining code quality and integrates well with tools like SonarQube for static analysis.SonarLint can be installed from your IDE’s plugin marketplace. Search for SonarLint, install it, and restart your IDE if prompted. Eclipse: Installing SonarLint PluginConfiguring SonarLint Open SonarLint settings via [direction]Preferences > SonarLint[/direction]. Configure the plugin based on your project's needs. SonarLint enable real-time analysis in the settings to receive instant feedback as you write code. Use the Rules tab to customize which code quality rules are active and adjust severity levels to match your project's standards.Managing Installed Plugins Over time, it may be necessary to update or remove plugins. Updating ensures that your plugins are current and benefit from the latest bug fixes and features.To update plugins, go to Help Check for Updates . If you need to disable or remove a plugin, use Help About Eclipse IDE Installation Details . Here, you’ll find options to disable or uninstall plugins, making Eclipse adaptable to your evolving project needs.ConclusionInstalling and Configuring Plugins in Eclipse IDE is a crucial step for QA testers looking to streamline testing workflows, enhance automation, and ensure code quality. By carefully selecting and configuring plugins like TestNG, Maven, eGit, Cucumber, and SonarLint, you can transform Eclipse into a robust QA testing environment tailored to your specific needs. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Debugging Test Scripts in Eclipse, an essential skill for efficiently identifying and resolving issues in your test scripts, taking your QA testing capabilities to the next level. Debugging Test Scripts in Eclipse Debugging test scripts ensures that your code runs as expected by detecting and resolving any bugs or errors. This process is especially crucial for QA testers who must ensure that test cases cover various scenarios and perform optimally across different environments. Eclipse IDE provides a comprehensive debugging environment that allows testers to verify each step of their test scripts, improving test reliability and minimizing time spent on troubleshooting. By understanding the debugging tools in Eclipse, you can effectively handle complex test scenarios and ensure the accuracy of the results.Getting Started with Debugging in EclipseBefore diving into debugging, make sure that your test project is correctly configured in Eclipse. For most testers, this includes setting up a Java-based testing framework like JUnit or TestNG. Eclipse’s built-in support for these frameworks makes the setup straightforward:Open Your Test Project: Launch Eclipse and open the project that contains your test scripts. Eclipse: Opening Existing Project Configure Debugger Preferences: In Eclipse, navigate to Eclipse Settings Java Debug to customize your debugging environment. Here, you can adjust settings like step filters and timeout preferences, which can improve the debugging experience by filtering out unnecessary information. Eclipse: Navigating To Settings Eclipse: Java > Debug SettingsThe Debug PerspectiveThe Debug Perspective in Eclipse provides a dedicated layout with views optimized for debugging, including Breakpoints, Variables, Expressions, and Console. To open the Debug Perspective, select Window > Perspective > Open Perspective > Debug. This perspective organizes the tools you need for debugging in a single view, streamlining the process and making it easier to focus on your debugging tasks.BreakpointsBreakpoints allow you to pause the execution of your test script at specific lines of code. This feature is invaluable for identifying the exact point where your code may be failing.Setting a Breakpoint: To set a breakpoint, click on the left margin next to the line number where you want the code to pause. A blue dot will appear, indicating that the breakpoint is active. Eclipse: Setting Debug BreakpointConditional Breakpoints: Right-click on a breakpoint and select Breakpoint Properties to add conditions. This lets you pause the script only when certain criteria are met, which is useful for testing specific scenarios without repeatedly stepping through irrelevant code. Eclipse: Breakpoint Conditional Settings Eclipse: Breakpoint PropertiesDebugging Test Scripts in EclipseEclipse IDE offers several powerful debugging tools that can make the debugging process easier. Below are the key features every QA tester should know:Launching the Debug ModeTo start debugging, you’ll need to launch your test script in Debug mode. Right-click on the test file or method you want to debug, and select Debug As JUnit Test (or TestNG Test). This initiates the Debug mode, allowing you to observe how your code executes line by line. Eclipse: Debug As > JUnit TestInspecting Variables and ExpressionsWhen debugging test scripts in Eclipse, inspecting variable values at various breakpoints helps you understand how your data changes throughout execution.Variables View: The Variables tab in Eclipse’s Debug perspective shows the current values of variables in scope. This helps identify any unexpected or incorrect values that may be causing issues. Eclipse: Debug Perspective > Variables Tab Expressions: Add expressions in the Expressions tab to evaluate specific parts of your code, such as calculations or method calls. To add an expression, right-click in the Expressions view, select Add Watch Expression, and type in the expression you want to evaluate. Eclipse: Debug Perspective > ExpressionsStep Control OptionsEclipse provides a set of controls to navigate through your code, allowing you to step in, step over, or step out of functions and methods. These options help you analyze the flow of your test script and pinpoint problematic areas. Eclipse: Step Control Options Step Into (F5): This option allows you to dive deeper into methods, stepping line by line within functions to observe their behavior. Step Over (F6): If a method is performing correctly, you can step over it to move to the next line without diving into the method’s details. Step Return (F7): Step out of a method if you've completed inspection within it and want to return to the calling code.Advanced Debugging Techniques in EclipseFor more complex debugging needs, Eclipse offers advanced features that allow for deeper inspection of your test scripts.Evaluating Code at RuntimeEclipse allows you to evaluate expressions on the fly while debugging. This feature is beneficial for testing different variable values and checking how the test script would behave with these new values. To do this, right-click on a variable or code snippet and select Inspect or Display. Eclipse: Debug Perspective > Inspect Variable Eclipse: Debug Perspective > Inspect VariableUsing WatchpointsWatchpoints are a specialized type of breakpoint that pauses execution whenever the value of a specified variable changes. They are particularly useful when you need to track variable changes over time. To set a watchpoint, right-click on a variable declaration and select Watch. Eclipse: Debug As Add Variable To Watchlist Eclipse: Debug As Add Variable To Watchlist DetailsLogging and Console Output The Console view is essential for logging output and tracking print statements in your test scripts. Adding print statements can help trace the script’s execution and pinpoint where the code deviates from expected behavior. Console logs complement breakpoints by providing a broader overview of code flow. ConclusionDebugging test scripts in Eclipse is a powerful skill that enables quality testers to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of their scripts. By mastering features like breakpoints, step controls, and variable inspection, you can quickly identify and resolve issues in your code. Eclipse’s robust debugging environment allows testers to streamline the debugging process and focus on creating high-quality, reliable test scripts. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Managing External Libraries and Dependencies, a crucial aspect of handling third-party tools and frameworks effectively. This guide will help you enhance your projects by integrating and organizing external resources efficiently within Eclipse. Managing External Libraries and Dependencies Managing External Libraries and Dependencies is crucial for quality testers and developers, as it ensures that your project has access to all necessary resources and external libraries for testing or development. Dependencies allow your project to pull in necessary libraries, APIs, and frameworks, saving time and ensuring that your code performs optimally with fewer issues. With Eclipse IDE, managing dependencies becomes efficient, provided you follow a structured approach.Adding External Libraries in Eclipse IDEThe first step in Managing External Libraries and Dependencies in Eclipse involves understanding how to add them properly. In Eclipse, you can manually add external libraries by following these steps: Locate the Build Path: Right-click on your project in the Project Explorer, go to Build Path, and select Configure Build Path. The Build Path contains all the libraries and dependencies your project relies on. Adding External JAR Files: In the Build Path dialog, navigate to the Libraries tab, where you can add external JAR files. This is useful when you need to incorporate pre-compiled libraries. Click on Add External JARs, browse to the location of your JAR files, and add them to your project. Setting Library Order: Eclipse allows you to organize the order in which libraries are loaded. This order matters, especially if multiple libraries share similar class names. You can adjust the library order under the Order and Export tab in the Build Path settings. Library Documentation and Source Code: If you need access to a library’s documentation, Eclipse allows you to attach Javadoc to each library. Simply select the library, click on Javadoc Location, and provide the Javadoc URL. This can be highly beneficial for testing purposes, as you can directly access API documentation within the IDE.Adding external libraries in Eclipse through this method is helpful for quality testers using static libraries or custom libraries provided by third parties. However, to manage dynamic dependencies, integrating a dependency management tool is often more effective.Using Maven for Dependency ManagementMaven and Gradle are popular dependency management tools that integrate seamlessly with Eclipse IDE. They simplify Managing External Libraries and Dependencies by using centralized configuration files, such as pom.xml for Maven or build.gradle for Gradle. These files allow you to specify your dependencies, and the tools automatically handle downloading and adding the necessary libraries.Maven Dependencies in EclipseAdding Dependencies in pom.xml: Open the pom.xml file in your Maven project and add dependencies. For instance, to add JUnit for testing, include:pom.xml<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>Dependency Management: Maven automates dependency updates, ensuring that all dependencies are compatible. Additionally, it manages transitive dependencies, automatically including libraries that your main dependencies rely on.ConclusionEfficiently managing external libraries and dependencies in Eclipse is essential for quality testers and developers. Whether you use the manual approach for static libraries or leverage tools like Maven and Gradle for dynamic dependencies, effective dependency management ensures seamless project workflows, improved testing accuracy, and minimized errors. In the next guide, you’ll learn about Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code, which will help you enhance the structure, readability, and maintainability of your test scripts, making them more resilient and easier to manage. Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code are essential to maintaining test reliability and making automated testing more efficient and manageable. In the fast-paced world of quality assurance (QA), test code can quickly become complex and challenging to maintain, especially in extensive systems. Test refactoring is a systematic approach to improving the code’s structure without changing its behavior, enhancing readability, maintainability, and overall performance. This guide will walk you through effective techniques and best practices for refactoring test code in Eclipse IDE, a popular development environment used by quality testers.Why Refactor Test Code in Eclipse?Refactoring test code not only simplifies future updates but also reduces the chances of introducing bugs or inconsistencies in your automated tests. By using Eclipse IDE, a comprehensive platform for Java development, you can leverage tools and shortcuts to enhance the refactoring process. Eclipse’s built-in support for automated refactoring, code organization, and error-checking makes it an excellent choice for handling large test suites. Proper refactoring ensures tests are reliable, efficient, and sustainable as your project scales.Identify Problematic Test CodeStart by reviewing your test code for issues that may hinder maintainability or clarity. Tests that are difficult to understand, redundant, or prone to failure often signal the need for refactoring. Use Eclipse’s Code Smells feature to identify areas for improvement, such as duplicated code, overly complex methods, or excessive dependencies. Prioritizing areas that impact test readability or lead to frequent failures will yield the most benefit from refactoring.Keep Tests Small and FocusedOne of the primary goals in refactoring is to ensure each test has a single responsibility. Tests that cover multiple scenarios or actions are not only harder to debug but can also mask issues that may only occur in specific conditions. Refactoring large tests into smaller, focused tests improves readability and maintainability. In Eclipse, you can easily extract methods or classes, allowing for the separation of test responsibilities and making each test easier to manage.Use Descriptive Naming ConventionsDescriptive and consistent naming conventions make your test code self-explanatory, reducing the need for excessive comments or documentation. Rename variables, methods, and classes to reflect their purpose accurately, ensuring that anyone reading the test code understands its functionality without additional context. In Eclipse, the Rename (Shift+Alt+R) refactoring tool allows you to rename elements safely across your codebase, updating references automatically.Best Practices for Refactoring Test Code in EclipseUtilize Parameterized TestsRepeating the same logic across multiple tests with slight variations can lead to redundant code and maintenance issues. Parameterized tests allow you to pass different sets of data to a single test method, reducing code duplication. This approach is particularly effective in unit testing frameworks like JUnit, integrated into Eclipse. Use the JUnit Parameterized class or JUnit 5’s @ParameterizedTest to refactor repetitive tests, creating a cleaner and more maintainable suite.Organize Tests by FunctionalityOrganizing your test cases by functionality, such as creating folders or packages for specific modules, components, or screens, provides a clear structure to your tests. This structure enhances readability and makes it easier to locate specific tests. In Eclipse, you can create custom packages and use annotations to categorize tests, making it easier to navigate large test suites.Refactor Assertions for ClarityAssertions are critical in determining if tests pass or fail, so it’s essential to keep them simple and descriptive. Avoid complex assertion logic that can obscure the intent of the test. Using custom assertion methods can add clarity, especially in complex test scenarios. Eclipse supports a range of assertion libraries, such as AssertJ and Hamcrest, which provide fluent assertion syntax and enhance readability.Leverage Code Coverage ToolsCode coverage tools, like EclEmma for Eclipse, help you identify untested code sections, offering insights into areas that may require additional tests. High coverage does not guarantee perfect tests but helps ensure that your code is well-tested and reliable. Use coverage reports to guide your refactoring efforts and ensure critical paths are tested comprehensively.ConclusionRefactoring test code is a vital practice for maintaining high-quality, reliable test suites. By following these best practices in Eclipse, quality testers can improve code readability, reduce redundancy, and enhance test efficiency. From using parameterized tests and helper methods to adopting mocking and organizing tests by functionality, Eclipse offers numerous tools to simplify and streamline the refactoring process. Embrace these strategies to keep your test code clean, maintainable, and adaptable to future project requirements. Remember, consistent refactoring is the key to sustainable test automation that scales effectively with your application.
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Cross-Browser & Cloud Testing Articles BrowserStack Sauce Labs LambdaTest BrowserStack Getting Started with BrowserStack Running Selenium Tests on BrowserStack Cloud Live and Automated Web Testing with BrowserStack Integrating BrowserStack with CI/CD Pipelines Best Practices for Cross Browser Testing on BrowserStack Sauce Labs Getting Started with Sauce Labs Running Selenium Tests on the Sauce Labs Cloud Parallel Cross Browser Testing with Sauce Labs Debugging and Analyzing Test Results in Sauce Labs Best Practices for Scalable Cloud Testing with Sauce Labs LambdaTest Official DocsExplore the full capabilities of LambdaTest on their official website. Discover seamless cross-browser testing, automation tools, and integrations to enhance your web testing workflow. View the official LambdaTest website Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Intro to LambdaTest In today’s fast-paced software development environment, ensuring seamless cross-browser compatibility is crucial. LambdaTest is a cloud-based platform designed to help QA testers and developers perform automated and live-interactive testing across multiple browsers, operating systems, and devices. It allows you to test web applications at scale, reducing infrastructure costs and increasing efficiency.In this guide, we’ll go through the fundamentals of LambdaTest, its key features, and why it’s an essential tool for web app testing. LambdaTest Core FeaturesWhat is LambdaTest?LambdaTest is a cross-browser testing platform that provides real-time and automated testing capabilities. With LambdaTest, you can: Run tests on a scalable cloud Selenium Grid. Test across 3,000+ browsers and operating system combinations. Perform live interactive testing on different environments. Execute parallel testing for faster execution. Utilize visual regression testing to detect UI changes. LambdaTest supports various test automation frameworks such as Selenium, Cypress, Playwright, Puppeteer, and Appium, making it a versatile choice for web application testing.Why Use LambdaTest for Web App Testing?Here are some key benefits of using LambdaTest for web app testing: Cloud-Based Infrastructure: No need to set up a local Selenium Grid. Comprehensive Browser Coverage: Test across multiple browsers, devices, and resolutions. Parallel Execution: Run multiple test cases simultaneously, reducing test execution time. CI/CD Integration: Seamlessly integrates with tools like Jenkins, GitHub Actions, and GitLab CI/CD. In-Depth Debugging Tools: Get access to network logs, screenshots, video recordings, and console logs.Key Features of LambdaTestLambdaTest offers a range of powerful features, including: 1. Cloud-Based Selenium Grid Run Selenium tests on the cloud without needing an on-premise setup. 2. Real-Time Live Testing Interact with your web app on different browsers and devices in real time. 3. Automated Screenshot Testing Take full-page screenshots to identify UI inconsistencies across browsers. 4. Geolocation Testing Test websites from different geographic locations to validate geo-specific features. 5. Smart Testing Insights Analyze test reports, logs, and videos for efficient debugging.ConclusionLambdaTest simplifies web application testing by providing a cloud-based, scalable, and efficient testing environment. Whether you’re performing manual exploratory testing or automating tests, LambdaTest is an essential tool for ensuring a seamless user experience across different browsers and devices.In the next guide, I’ll walk you through Setting Up LambdaTest for Automated Testing to help you get started with running tests efficiently. Setting Up LambdaTest for Automated Testing If you’re looking to perform cloud-based cross-browser testing, LambdaTest provides a powerful infrastructure to automate tests with different frameworks, including Selenium + TestNG using Java. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the step-by-step process of setting up LambdaTest for automated testing, from signing up to executing test cases seamlessly.What We’ll Cover Creating a LambdaTest Account Setting Up a Web Automation Project Configuring Browser Capabilities Running and Viewing Test Results Signing Up for LambdaTestTo begin using LambdaTest, you first need to create an account. You can either sign up using your email or simply log in with an existing Google account. Visit LambdaTest and click [direction]Get Started Free[/direction] Choose your preferred method (email or Google account) to register. Once signed in, you'll be redirected to the LambdaTest dashboard.Accessing Web Automation TestingOnce you’re inside the dashboard, follow these steps to set up automated testing: Opening Side Menu & Selecting Automation Navigate to the side menu and select [direction]Automation > Web Automation[/direction]. Next a screen displays whether you want to use a [direction]Demo Project [/direction] or [direction]Configure Test Suite [/direction]. Select the [direction]Configure Test Suite [/direction] option. You'll be prompted to select a test framework. While you can choose any, for this guide, we will use [direction]Selenium > Java > TestNG[/direction] Selecting Web Automation Option Choosing To Config Test Suite List of Automation Test FrameworksCloning the Sample Project LambdaTest provides a sample Java-TestNG-Selenium project to help you get started quickly. To clone the repository, execute the following commands in your terminal:Clone LamdaTest Seleniium + TestNG projectgit clone https://github.com/LambdaTest/Java-TestNG-Selenium cd Java-TestNG-SeleniumConfiguring Your CredentialsBefore running your tests, you need to configure your LambdaTest credentials. Set your LT_USERNAME and LT_ACCESS_KEY in an environment file. Linux/macOS Windows (CMD) Linux/macOSexport LT_USERNAME=jahmalrichardpro export LT_ACCESS_KEY=iHE17Brcqb7zxbkcwJ9bcqR9ByHuFe0irHEmKlITmCdaGBktnnWindowsset LT_USERNAME=jahmalrichardpro set LT_ACCESS_KEY=iHE17Brcqb7zxbkcwJ9bcqR9ByHuFe0irHEmKlITmCdaGBktnnConfiguring Browser Capabilities Now, let’s set up browser capabilities inside the TestNGTodo1.java file to define test configurations.Browser Desired CapablilitesChromeOptions browserOptions = new ChromeOptions(); HashMap<String, Object> ltOptions = new HashMap<String, Object>(); ltOptions.put("username", "jahmalrichardpro"); ltOptions.put("accessKey", "iHE17Brcqb7zxbkcwJ9bcqR9ByHuFe0irHEmKlITmCdaGBktzz"); ltOptions.put("project", "LambdaTest Selenium Automation"); ltOptions.put("w3c", true); ltOptions.put("plugin", "java-testNG"); browserOptions.setCapability("LT:Options", ltOptions);Setting Up Build and Test ConfigurationBuild Settings Browser Version: Chrome 133 ( Please confirm your version with you Chrome Browser in the About section.) Build Name: Java Selenium TestNG Test Automation Project Name: LambdaTest Demo Web AutomationTest Configuration Test Configs Enabled/DisabledTest NameMQA LambdaTest DemoTest TagsSelenium, TestNG, AutomationScreenshot Capture EnabledRecord Video EnabledConsole Logs EnabledNetwork Logs Disabled Local/TunnelKeep the Local/Tunnel option off unless you have the necessary configurations set up. Enabling it without proper setup will result in an error when executing your test. Updating the TestsOnce everything is configured, copy the capabilities in the @BeforeMethod in this file src/test/java/com/lambdatest/TestNGTodo1.java so we can execute the test cases with the new capabilities configurations. Update the TestNG XML File Before we can run the test via the XML file we need to update the file to ensure that is testing against the TestNGTodo1.java test file that we just tweaked. Running the Tests Open up Terminal and navigate the the project folder and run the command below to execute the test via maven. Running TestNG Test via XML mvn test -D suite=single.xmlViewing Test Results To monitor your test execution: Go to the LambdaTest dashboard. Navigate to [direction]Automation > Web Automation[/direction]. Click on the executed test to view logs, screenshots, and videos of your test run. ConclusionSetting up LambdaTest for automated testing allows QA testers to execute tests on a scalable cloud infrastructure without maintaining a local Selenium Grid. In the next guide, we’ll show you Running Your First Test on LambdaTest to help you execute your first automated test successfully. Running Your First Test on LambdaTest Running Your First Test on LambdaTest is a critical step towards efficient, reliable, and scalable web application testing. In my experience as a QA tester, utilizing cloud platforms like LambdaTest significantly streamlines the testing process, allowing you to quickly validate your application across multiple browsers and devices simultaneously. In this guide, I will walk you through how to adapt an existing Selenium TestNG test to run seamlessly on LambdaTest, using the Kicks Web App as an example.Setting Up LambdaTest EnvironmentTo begin running your test on LambdaTest, you first need to configure your WebDriver to connect to the LambdaTest platform. Unlike local tests, running tests on LambdaTest requires you to use their remote WebDriver URL and authentication credentials.First, you need to import essential libraries and define your setup within your test class:LambdaTest WebDriver Setuppackage com.kicksapp.test; import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver; import org.testng.Assert; import java.net.URL; import java.time.Duration; private WebDriver driver; private String testUrl = "https://jahmalrichard.github.io/kicks-flutter-web-app/"; @BeforeMethod public void setUp() throws Exception { String username = System.getenv("LT_USERNAME") == null ? "jahmalrichardpro" : System.getenv("LT_USERNAME"); String authkey = System.getenv("LT_ACCESS_KEY") == null ? "iHE17Brcqb7zxbkcwJ9bcqR9ByHuFe0irHEmKlITmCdaGBktnn" : System.getenv("LT_ACCESS_KEY"); String hub = "@hub.lambdatest.com/wd/hub"; ChromeOptions browserOptions = new ChromeOptions(); HashMap<String, Object> ltOptions = new HashMap<String, Object>(); ltOptions.put("username", username); ltOptions.put("accessKey", authkey); ltOptions.put("visual", true); ltOptions.put("video", true); ltOptions.put("build", "MQA Kicks App Demo"); ltOptions.put("project", "Selenium Kicks App Test"); ltOptions.put("name", "Kicks App - Add To Cart"); String[] customTags = {"Selenium", "TestNG", "Automation"}; ltOptions.put("tags", customTags); ltOptions.put("console", "true"); ltOptions.put("selenium_version", "4.0.0"); ltOptions.put("w3c", true); browserOptions.setCapability("LT:Options", ltOptions); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("https://" + username + ":" + authkey + hub), browserOptions); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(20)); driver.manage().window().maximize(); }Replace YOUR_LAMBDATEST_USERNAME and YOUR_LAMBDATEST_ACCESS_KEY with your LambdaTest account credentials, which you can find in your LambdaTest dashboard under the Automation tab.Executing the Test on LambdaTestWith the setup complete, let’s implement the test method:KicksApp – Add Shoe To Cart Test@Test public void addShoeToCartAndShippingInfoTest() throws InterruptedException { driver.get(testUrl); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Products\"]")).click(); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Most popular\"]")).click(); WebElement selectConverseShoe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label*=\"Adidas Converse\"]")); selectConverseShoe.click(); Thread.sleep(3000); WebElement selectSizeText = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Select size\"]")); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", selectSizeText); Thread.sleep(2000); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"10\"]")).click(); Thread.sleep(2000); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Add to cart\"]")).click(); Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement cartTab = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label*=\"cart-icon\"]")); Assert.assertTrue(cartTab.isDisplayed(), "One item is currently in the cart!"); cartTab.click(); Thread.sleep(2000); WebElement proceedToCheckoutButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Proceed to Checkout\"]")); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", proceedToCheckoutButton); proceedToCheckoutButton.click(); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"Email\"]")).sendKeys("johnsmith@test.com"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"Name\"]")).sendKeys("John"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"Last Name\"]")).sendKeys("Smith"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"Address\"]")).sendKeys("123 Test Ave"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"Apt, Unit\"]")).sendKeys("A"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label*=\"Town\"]")).sendKeys("Quality Town"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"Country\"]")).sendKeys("United States"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"ZIP\"]")).sendKeys("12345"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[aria-label=\"State\"]")).sendKeys("NY"); Thread.sleep(3000); WebElement proceedToDeliveryButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("flt-semantics[aria-label=\"Proceed to Delivery\"]")); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", proceedToDeliveryButton); proceedToDeliveryButton.click(); Thread.sleep(2000); } @AfterMethod public void tearDown() { if (driver != null) { driver.quit(); } }The above test validates essential user interactions like adding a product to the cart and entering checkout information. Observing Test ResultsOnce you run your test, you can observe detailed logs, screenshots, and video recordings on the LambdaTest dashboard. This makes debugging much easier and gives clear visibility into your test execution outcomes.ConclusionRunning Your First Test on LambdaTest can significantly enhance your testing efficiency, allowing you to easily validate your web applications across multiple platforms and browsers. By following these simple steps and adapting your local tests for cloud execution, you streamline your QA process effectively. In the next guide we’ll dive into Understanding LambdaTest Capabilities and Configurations. Understanding LambdaTest Capabilities and ConfigurationsWhen performing web app testing with LambdaTest, configuring the right set of capabilities ensures that tests run efficiently across various browsers, devices, and operating systems. LambdaTest allows us to define these settings using desired capabilities, which help in customizing test environments based on specific requirements. In this guide, I will walk you through the core capabilities in LambdaTest, how to configure them, and where to find more detailed references to set additional options. What Are LambdaTest Capabilities?LambdaTest capabilities are parameters that define the testing environment for your automated tests. These configurations enable testers to specify the operating system, browser version, screen resolution, and more, ensuring tests run in an environment that mirrors real-world user conditions. For a complete list of supported capabilities, you can use the LambdaTest Capabilities Generator. This tool simplifies the process by allowing testers to select configurations through an interactive UI and generate the corresponding capabilities code.Desired CapabilitiesSafariOptions browserOptions = new SafariOptions(); browserOptions.setPlatformName("MacOS Sequoia"); browserOptions.setBrowserVersion("18"); HashMap<String, Object> ltOptions = new HashMap<String, Object>(); ltOptions.put("username", "jahmalrichardpro"); ltOptions.put("accessKey", "iHE17Brcqb7zxbkcwJ9bcqR9ByHuFe0irHEmKlITmCdaGBktnn"); ltOptions.put("visual", true); ltOptions.put("video", true); ltOptions.put("build", "MQA Kicks App Demo"); ltOptions.put("project", "Selenium Kicks App Test"); ltOptions.put("name", "Kicks App - Add To Cart"); String[] customTags = {"Selenium", "TestNG", "Automation"}; ltOptions.put("tags", customTags); ltOptions.put("w3c", true); browserOptions.setCapability("LT:Options", ltOptions);Breaking Down the Configuration browserName – Defines the browser to use. browserVersion – Specifies the version of the browser. platformName – Determines the OS for testing. build – Groups related test cases for better organization. name – Assigns a name to the test. resolution – Sets the screen resolution for the test. selenium_version – Specifies the Selenium version used. network – Enables network logs visual – Enables screenshots at each test step. video – Enables video recording of the test session.Running Tests on Mac Sequoia with SafariLambdaTest supports running tests on Mac Sequoia using the Safari browser. Below is an example of test setup previously running against Safari and MacOS Sequoia! ConclusionUnderstanding and setting up LambdaTest capabilities is crucial for optimizing automated web app testing. By defining browser versions, operating systems, resolutions, and additional configurations, we can ensure comprehensive cross-browser testing. If you need a custom setup, use the LambdaTest Capabilities Generator to tailor your test environment. In the next guide, we’ll explore Integrating LambdaTest with CI/CD Pipelines. Integrating LambdaTest with CI/CD Pipelines Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) play a crucial role in ensuring faster, more reliable software releases. As a QA tester or developer, integrating LambdaTest with a CI/CD pipeline allows you to automate your cross-browser testing process, ensuring your web applications function seamlessly across different environments. In this guide, I will walk you through setting up a CI/CD pipeline for a Selenium TestNG project hosted on GitHub, enabling automated test execution on every push to the main branch and scheduling daily runs at 8:00 AM EST.Setting Up GitHub Actions for LambdaTestCreating a GitHub Actions WorkflowGitHub Actions allows you to define automated workflows using YAML configuration files. To begin, navigate to your lambdatest-selenium-kicksapp repository and create a new file at:GitHub LambdaTest Setup.github/workflows/lambdatest-ci.yml Now, add the following content to configure your workflow:YAML File Configurationname: LambdaTest CI/CD on: push: branches: - main schedule: - cron: '0 13 * * *' # Runs daily at 8:00 AM EST (UTC +0:00 is 13:00) workflow_dispatch: # Enables manual trigger from the GitHub UI jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout Repository uses: actions/checkout@v3 - name: Set up JDK 17 uses: actions/setup-java@v3 with: distribution: 'temurin' java-version: '17' - name: Cache Maven Dependencies uses: actions/cache@v3 with: path: ~/.m2 key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }} restore-keys: | ${{ runner.os }}-maven- - name: Run Selenium Tests on LambdaTest run: | mvn test -D suite=testng.xml env: LT_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.LT_USERNAME }} LT_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.LT_ACCESS_KEY }}Understanding the Workflow Triggers: The pipeline runs on every push to the main branch and daily at 8:00 AM EST. Java Setup: Ensures that Java 17 is installed for running Selenium tests. Maven Dependency Caching: Speeds up builds by caching dependencies. Installation & Execution: Installs dependencies and runs Maven-based Selenium tests on LambdaTest. Test Reports Upload: Stores test results as artifacts for later review.Configuring SecretsTo securely store your LambdaTest credentials, follow these steps: Go to your GitHub Repository. Navigate to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions. Click New repository secret. Add the following secrets: LT_USERNAME: Your LambdaTest username. LT_ACCESS_KEY: Your LambdaTest access key. These credentials allow the CI pipeline to authenticate with LambdaTest and execute tests on the cloud platform.Commit and Push the Workflow FileAfter creating the .github/workflows/lambdatest-ci.yml file in your project, commit and push the changes to the main branch. This triggers the workflow and executes tests on LambdaTest. Debugging Common IssuesIf you encounter issues: Ensure your LambdaTest credentials are correct. Verify that the testng.xml file is correctly defined in your project. Check GitHub Actions logs for any dependency or configuration errors. Confirm that LambdaTest is accessible and your Selenium tests run successfully locally.ConclusionIntegrating LambdaTest with a CI/CD pipeline enhances automated web app testing, improving efficiency and reliability. By setting up GitHub Actions, you ensure continuous validation of your application’s functionality. This approach streamlines testing workflows, reduces manual intervention, and accelerates the development cycle.For more advanced debugging techniques and insights into LambdaTest, check out Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest. Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest is my go-to strategy whenever I need to diagnose issues quickly and streamline my QA workflows. From detailed logs and automated screenshots to test status tracking, LambdaTest equips me with a full suite of features that help me understand precisely what went wrong during test execution. In this guide, I’m going to walk you through how I use these advanced tools to make web app testing more transparent, effective, and team-friendly.Why Detailed Test Insights MatterBy combining logs, screenshots, videos, test statuses, and well-labeled test steps, I can deliver concise bug reports to developers and keep the debugging loop short. In other words, when I set up my testing environment in LambdaTest, I’m not just checking whether my web app works—I’m gathering as much information as possible to help the entire team troubleshoot and enhance the product. Visual Comparison: Checking UI rendering differences between browsers. Error Snapshots: Pinpointing an element on the page that caused the test to fail.Setting Up Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTestConfiguring LogsGetting started with Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest means ensuring that I have the right logs in place. I usually work with: Console Logs: Useful for catching JavaScript errors, warnings, or deprecation notices that can clue me in on potential performance pitfalls. Network Logs: Great for identifying broken API calls, pinpointing slow-loading resources Selenium Command Logs: Indispensable for automated tests, allowing me to trace the sequence of actions in the browser and verify that each step aligns with my test scripts.To set up these logs, I head into my LambdaTest dashboard, configure the desired logging level, and ensure that my Selenium or Playwright code is set to capture console output. Knowing exactly which part of my code triggers an error or a warning saves me an enormous amount of time.Screenshots and Video RecordingsOne of the most crucial features of Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest is the ability to capture screenshots and video recordings automatically. I rely heavily on screenshots for: Visual Comparison Error Snapshots Checking UI rendering differences between browsers.Pinpointing an element on the page that caused the test to fail.But the real game-changer for me is video recording. Every automated or manual testing session can be recorded, which means I can replay the scenario step-by-step. This is a lifesaver when dealing with intermittent or complex UI issues that aren’t always evident from logs alone. I especially value this for cross-browser inconsistencies that sometimes pop up only in specific browsers or versions.Marking Tests with Status and StepsThe Power of Test StatusIt might seem like a small thing, but marking tests with statuses such as passed,failed, or skipped helps me manage large test suites effortlessly. When using Selenium, for instance, I add a line of JavaScript code at the end of each test to communicate the status back to LambdaTest’s dashboard:This allows me to sort or filter my tests based on status, which is especially handy when I’m running hundreds or thousands of tests in parallel.Step Descriptions for ClarityAnother aspect of Advanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest that I find invaluable is adding descriptive labels to each step. Instead of seeing a vague message like “Element not clickable”, my logs can read something like “Step 3: Click on ‘Submit’ button.” This clarity helps me to quickly identify what action was attempted and what went wrong if an error occurred.Practical Tips for Efficient Debugging Use Network Throttling In LambdaTest, you can simulate different network conditions to see how your web app performs under slow or spotty connections. Collecting logs under these conditions gives me insight into performance bottlenecks. Leverage CI/CD Integrations Integrating LambdaTest with tools like Jenkins or GitHub Actions allows me to share logs, screenshots, and videos immediately after each build. This smooths out the feedback loop between QA and development. Integrate with Issue Trackers Attaching logs and screenshots from LambdaTest sessions directly to a Jira or Trello ticket helps me create more comprehensive bug reports.ConclusionAdvanced Debugging and Test Insights in LambdaTest has completely transformed how I approach web app testing. By capturing and analyzing detailed logs, screenshots, and videos—and by labeling tests with statuses and step descriptions—I can zero in on bugs with minimal guesswork. This clarity not only speeds up my debugging process but also fosters better collaboration across the entire team.
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Flutter Official DocsDive into the official Flutter webpage for comprehensive guides, tools, and resources to supercharge your app development. Visit Flutter.dev to get started! Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles Introduction to Flutter Setting Up a Testing Environment in Flutter Writing and Running Unit Tests in Flutter Widget Testing in Flutter Integration Testing in Flutter Introduction to Flutter In today’s rapidly evolving software landscape, Flutter has emerged as a game-changing tool for mobile application development. This guide serves as an “Introduction to Flutter,” specifically tailored for QA testers and developers who are eager to understand how this framework can transform the way we build and test applications. Flutter’s versatility, performance, and ease of use have made it a top choice for creating cross-platform apps. Whether you are a seasoned developer or a QA tester, this introduction will provide you with the foundation needed to leverage Flutter effectively. Flutter WebsiteWhat is Flutter?Flutter is primarily built using the Dart programming language, which was also developed by Google. Dart’s syntax is straightforward and easy to learn, especially for those who have prior experience with JavaScript or Java. Flutter’s core features include a rich set of pre-designed widgets, a hot reload functionality for rapid development, and native performance, making it one of the most powerful frameworks for cross-platform development.Key Features of Flutter Widgets and Customizability One of the defining characteristics of Flutter is its reliance on widgets. Widgets are the building blocks of a Flutter application, and everything in Flutter—from buttons to text—is a widget. This approach allows for complete customizability of your application’s look and feel. Flutter provides a vast library of widgets that mimic the behavior of native components on both Android and iOS, allowing developers to create a consistent and platform-specific UI. Hot Reload for Rapid Development Flutter’s hot reload feature is a standout benefit for both developers and testers. Hot reload allows developers to see the results of code changes instantly, without needing to restart the entire application. This is a significant advantage during testing and debugging because it enables quicker iteration cycles, reducing the time spent on compiling and running changes. Single Codebase for Multiple Platforms With Flutter, developers can create applications for Android, iOS, web, and even desktop using a single codebase. This feature drastically reduces the development time and effort compared to writing separate codebases for different platforms. For QA testers, this means fewer discrepancies between platform versions, ensuring a more consistent user experience across devices.Types of Flutter TestFlutter offers a range of testing tools and frameworks that make life easier for testers. Whether you’re working on unit tests, widget tests, or integration tests, Flutter’s tools are designed to streamline the process and enhance your testing experience. Unit Testing: QA testers can write unit tests in Flutter to verify the functionality of individual components. This ensures that each piece of the application works as expected. Widget Testing: Widget testing is a powerful way to ensure that a particular UI component behaves correctly. QA testers can create widget tests to interact with and verify individual UI elements, such as buttons, forms, or animations. Integration Testing: Integration tests allow QA testers to verify the app’s performance as a whole by testing how various modules work together. In Flutter, integration tests are crucial for validating the entire flow of the application and ensuring that different features interact correctly.Benefits of Using Flutter for Mobile Development Cross-Platform Consistency Using Flutter ensures that the user experience remains consistent across all platforms. Since a single codebase is used, there are fewer variations between different versions of the app, making it easier for developers and testers to work in tandem and reduce discrepancies. Native Performance Flutter compiles directly to native ARM code, which ensures that the applications built with it offer excellent performance similar to native apps. Both developers and QA testers benefit from this, as testing on real devices reflects how the app will perform once released. Open-Source Community and Plugins Flutter has a growing open-source community, providing numerous plugins and third-party libraries to help speed up the development process. This resource pool is advantageous for QA testers, as there are many community-driven tools and integrations that facilitate testing automation, debugging, and more.ConclusionThis Introduction to Flutter highlights how Flutter is not only an effective tool for cross-platform development but also offers immense benefits for QA testers by streamlining the testing process. Flutter’s hot reload, powerful widgets, and single codebase allow developers and testers to work together more efficiently, ensuring faster releases and higher-quality products. To take your Flutter expertise to the next level, explore our guide on Setting Up a Testing Environment in Flutter and learn how to create a solid foundation for your testing workflows. Setting Up a Testing Environment in Flutter Setting up a testing environment in Flutter is a critical step for ensuring that your applications are bug-free, maintainable, and efficient. Flutter, with its growing popularity as a framework for cross-platform mobile development, makes testing relatively straightforward but requires a well-configured environment for comprehensive testing. This guide will walk you through the process of setting up a testing environment in Flutter, catering specifically to the needs of QA testers and developers. Setting Up FlutterSetting Up Your Flutter Development EnvironmentBefore diving into testing, ensure that your Flutter development environment is correctly configured. Install Flutter SDK by following the instructions on the official Flutter website. This installation will include essential tools such as flutter doctor, which helps diagnose configuration issues. Install Dependencies Run Flutter Doctor Install Dependencies: Make sure you have Dart SDK, an integrated development environment like VS Code and mobile simulators/emulators set up for testing on different devices.Run flutter doctor: Execute flutter doctor in your terminal to verify that your setup is complete, and to ensure you have all the required dependencies installed.Understanding Different Types of Flutter TestsTo effectively set up a testing environment in Flutter, you need to understand the three types of testing in Flutter: Unit Tests: Unit tests verify individual units of code, like functions or methods. They are useful for testing business logic in isolation. Widget Tests: Widget tests validate the behavior of a single widget. They run faster than integration tests and help in ensuring that individual parts of the UI work as expected. Integration Tests: Integration tests evaluate how different widgets work together in an application. These tests help simulate real user interactions to identify any issues.Flutter provides built-in testing libraries such as flutter_test, which offers tools for all three types of tests.Configuring the Testing Environment in FlutterAdding Testing DependenciesThe first step in configuring the testing environment in Flutter is to add the necessary dependencies to your project. Open the pubspec.yaml file and add the following dependencies:pubsepec.yml dev_dependencies: flutter_test: sdk: flutter mockito: ^5.0.0 integration_test: sdk: flutter Flutter Pubspec Setup flutter_test: This is the primary library for unit and widget testing in Flutter. integration_test: This package facilitates integration testing by allowing you to automate user flows.Setting Up Test Files In your project structure, create a folder named test/ to store your test files. Keep your test files organized based on the features or functionalities being tested. For instance: test/unit/ for unit tests. test/widget/ for widget tests. integration_test/ for integration tests.This folder structure will make it easier to maintain and navigate your tests as the application scales.Writing a Simple Unit TestUnit testing in Flutter starts by creating a new .dart file under test/unit/. Here is an example of a simple unit test:Sample Unit Testimport 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart'; import 'package:your_app/math_utils.dart'; void main() { test('Adding two numbers should return correct sum', () { final result = addNumbers(2, 3); expect(result, 5); }); }In this example, addNumbers() is a method from math_utils.dart that you want to test. The test() function helps define the test scenario, and the expect() function is used to validate the result.Running TestsTo run your tests, use the following command in the terminal:bashflutter testThis command will run all the unit and widget tests in your test/ directory.ConclusionSetting up a testing environment in Flutter is an essential task for both QA testers and developers aiming for high-quality, reliable applications. A well-configured environment includes proper setup of the Flutter SDK, addition of essential testing dependencies, organized test files, and the ability to run unit, widget, and integration tests.To dive deeper into Flutter testing, explore the next guide, Writing and Running Unit Tests in Flutter, where you’ll learn how to write effective unit tests and execute them seamlessly. Writing and Running Unit Tests in Flutter Writing and running unit tests in Flutter is a crucial part of the development process that ensures the stability and reliability of your codebase. In this guide, we’ll cover the essentials of writing and running unit tests in Flutter, enabling you to improve code coverage and boost application stability.Introduction to Unit Testing in FlutterUnit testing is a software testing technique where individual units or components of an application are tested in isolation. In Flutter, a unit test validates a specific part of your logic, typically a function, method, or class, to ensure that it performs as expected. By writing and running unit tests in Flutter, you can catch bugs early, improve the overall reliability of your app, and ensure that each unit behaves predictably even as the code evolves. Flutter provides a simple yet powerful testing environment that includes tools like flutter_test and integration with popular third-party packages. Before diving into writing and running unit tests in Flutter, it’s important to understand the fundamental principles and tools used to create effective unit tests.Setting Up Unit Tests in FlutterTo get started with unit testing in Flutter, you need to set up the appropriate dependencies in your project. Flutter includes a package called flutter_test by default, which provides various functions and utilities that make writing tests easier. You can find it in your pubspec.yaml file:pubspec.yaml dev_dependencies: flutter_test: sdk: flutterWriting Unit Tests in FlutterWhen writing unit tests in Flutter, it is essential to focus on testing individual units of logic in isolation. Unit tests should be short, simple, and easy to maintain. Follow these steps to write a unit test in Flutter:Create a Test FileTest files should be placed in the test/ directory, which Flutter automatically generates when you create a new project. To create a test file, add a new .dart file under the test/unit directory. In this example we will call the file sign_in_screen_unit_test.dart. Flutter Unit TestInspect the Sign Up Screen ControllersWe will focus on examining the functionality of the sign-in screen in our project by exploring the sign_in_screen controller. This controller plays a pivotal role in handling user interactions with the sign-in screen. Specifically, it is responsible for capturing and processing the input data entered in the username and password fields. SigninScreen ControllerThe SignInController controller serves as the bridge between the UI and the business logic, ensuring that the text entered by the user is properly validated and prepared for authentication.Write Your Test CasesWhen writing test cases for the sign-in screen controller, focus on covering all key functionalities and edge cases. Test for valid and invalid inputs, such as correct and incorrect username-password combinations, empty fields, and valid formats.Here’s the code for the SignInController tests:Unit Test Exampleimport 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart'; import 'package:get/get.dart'; import 'package:richapp/controller/sign_in_controller.dart'; void main() { group('SignInController Tests', () { late SignInController controller; setUp(() { controller = Get.put(SignInController()); }); tearDown(() { Get.delete<SignInController>(); }); test('should initialize with empty text controllers', () { expect(controller.emailOrUserNameController.text, isEmpty); expect(controller.passwordController.text, isEmpty); expect(controller.emailController.text, isEmpty); }); test('should update emailOrUserNameController text correctly', () { controller.emailOrUserNameController.text = 'testuser'; expect(controller.emailOrUserNameController.text, 'testuser'); }); }); } Understanding the Tests Test Initialization (setUp and tearDown) Each test is set up with a fresh instance of SignInController using Get.put, ensuring no shared state between tests. After each test, tearDown ensures the controller is removed using Get.delete. Testing Default Values The first test checks whether the emailOrUserNameController, passwordController, and emailController are initialized with empty text. This ensures the controller starts in a clean state. Testing Text Update The second test verifies that the text in emailOrUserNameController updates as expected when modified. This is a simple check for setter functionality.Running Unit Tests in FlutterOnce you have written your unit tests, it’s time to run them to ensure your code works as expected. You can run unit tests in Flutter using the following command:Run Flutter Unit Test# Runs all the tests flutter test # Run tests on in the unit directory flutter test/unit/ This command runs all the test files located in the test/ directory, including any subdirectories such as test/unit/, and displays the results in the terminal. If you wish to target a specific directory or test file, you can do so by providing the relative file path as an argument: Run Flutter Test vis Pathflutter test test/unit/sign_in_screen_widget_test.dartFlutter will execute the test cases and report the results, including any errors or failed tests. It is good practice to frequently run tests during development to catch issues early. Flutter Unit Test ResultsBest Practices for Writing and Running Unit Tests in FlutterTo ensure that your unit tests are effective and easy to maintain, consider the following best practices: Keep Tests Simple and Focused: Each test should focus on one specific behavior. This makes it easier to identify the root cause of any failure. Use Meaningful Test Names: Clearly describe what the test is validating so that anyone reading the test results understands the purpose of the test. Run Tests Frequently: The sooner you catch a bug, the easier it is to fix. Run tests frequently to catch issues as soon as possible. Ensure Code Coverage: Aim for high test coverage, but remember that quality is more important than quantity. Cover critical logic and edge cases, but avoid writing redundant tests.ConclusionWriting and running unit tests in Flutter is a fundamental practice for ensuring the reliability and stability of your application. This unit test demonstrates how to ensure your SignInController behaves as expected in terms of initialization, state updates, and resource management. Writing clear, focused tests like these can help catch bugs early and maintain a robust codebase.To explore the next step in Flutter testing, check out our guide on Widget Testing in Flutter, where you’ll learn how to test individual widgets effectively to enhance your application’s quality. Widget Testing in Flutter Widget Testing in Flutter is an essential part of the development and QA process, ensuring that individual components of a Flutter app function as expected. Unlike unit tests that focus on the smallest pieces of logic or integration tests that test larger portions of the app, widget testing focuses specifically on validating the behavior of UI components. By effectively employing widget tests, you can validate that widgets render correctly, handle user interactions as expected, and ensure UI changes propagate correctly. This guide aims to provide QA testers and developers with a clear understanding of widget testing in Flutter and practical steps to implement it effectively.What Is Flutter Widget Testing?Widget testing is all about ensuring that individual widgets in your Flutter application behave as expected. Unlike unit tests that focus on logic and computations, widget tests verify the UI and its interactions. For our Sign-In screen, we’ll simulate user actions and validate the UI’s response to these interactions. Running All Widget Tests in VSCodeSetting Up the Test EnvironmentBefore writing widget tests, you need to set up a robust test environment. In this project, I’ve used flutter_test for writing tests, along with ScreenUtil for responsive layouts and GetX for state management and navigation. Here’s how we prepare the environment to ensure smooth testing workflows.To get started with widget testing, follow these steps: Creating Widget Test File Create a New Test File: Navigate to the test/unit directory in your Flutter project and create a new Dart file. Since we're testing the sign in screen, let's name itsign_in_widget_test.dart. Add a Main Function: Inside the newly created file, add the main function to act as the entry point for your test. It should look like this: void main {}. Set Up the Test Environment: Add any dependencies or utilities you need for testing within the main function. For example, if you are testing a widget with routes or dependencies, ensure those are set up properly. Add a Teardown Function: After each test, it’s essential to reset the state to avoid conflicts between tests. Use the tearDown function for this purpose tearDown(() { Get.reset(); }); Below is a snippet I used to handle building the widget page and managing routes using GetX.Function: buildTestWidgetWidget buildTestWidget(Widget widget) { return ScreenUtilInit( designSize: const Size(430, 932), builder: (_, __) => GetMaterialApp( home: widget, initialRoute: '/', getPages: [ GetPage(name: '/', page: () => SignInScreen()), GetPage(name: '/signUpScreen', page: () => SignUpScreen()), GetPage(name: '/bottomNavigationScreen', page: () => HomeScreen()), ], ), ); }Writing Tests for the Sign-In ScreenVerifying Text Fields and ButtonsThe first step is to ensure that all key widgets are present on the screen. These include the email and password fields, as well as the Sign-In button. Verify email, password, and sign-in button keysWidget Test: Verify email, password, and sign-in button keystestWidgets('Verify email, password, and sign-in button keys', (WidgetTester tester) async { await tester.pumpWidget(createTestScreenWidget(SignInScreen())); await tester.pumpAndSettle(); // Verify widgets by key expect(find.byKey(Key('email_username')), findsOneWidget); expect(find.byKey(Key('password')), findsOneWidget); expect(find.byKey(Key('sign_in_btn')), findsOneWidget); });This test validates that the text fields and button are part of the widget tree, using their unique keys for identification.Testing Button Clicks and NavigationButtons are the core of user interactions. Let’s ensure the Sign-In button is clickable and navigates to the correct screen. Tapping Sign In Button Sign In Button Routing On the Home ScreenWidget Test: Sign In button is clickabletestWidgets('Sign In button is clickable', (WidgetTester tester) async { await tester.pumpWidget(createTestScreenWidget(SignInScreen())); await tester.pumpAndSettle(); // Find the button and tap it final primaryButtonFinder = find.byKey(Key('sign_in_btn')); await tester.tap(primaryButtonFinder); await tester.pumpAndSettle(); // Verify navigation expect(find.byType(HomeScreen), findsOneWidget); });This test not only verifies the button’s presence but also confirms successful navigation to the Home screen.Testing LinksLinks like Forgot Password or Sign Up are equally important. Here’s how to test that the Forgot Password link opens the appropriate modal: Widget Testing LinksWidget Test: Forgot Password link is clickabletestWidgets('Forgot Password link is clickable', (WidgetTester tester) async { await tester.pumpWidget(createTestScreenWidget(SignInScreen())); await tester.pumpAndSettle(); final forgotPasswordFinder = find.byKey(Key('forgot_password_link')); await tester.tap(forgotPasswordFinder); await tester.pumpAndSettle(); // Verify modal content expect(find.text('Forgot Password'), findsOneWidget); }); Similarly, you can test the navigation triggered by the Sign Up link:Widget Test: Tap on Sign Up and navigates to the Sign Up screentestWidgets('Tap on Sign Up and navigates to the Sign Up screen', (WidgetTester tester) async { await tester.pumpWidget(createTestScreenWidget(SignInScreen())); final signUpTextFinder = find.text(Strings.signUp); await tester.tap(signUpTextFinder); await tester.pumpAndSettle(); // Verify navigation expect(find.byType(SignUpScreen), findsOneWidget); });These tests ensure your app’s routes are functioning correctly.Debugging Common IssuesDuring widget testing, you might encounter common errors like RenderFlex overflow or issues with animations. Suppressing these in tests, as shown below, can help: Flutter Error HandlingFlutter Error HandlingFlutterError.onError = (FlutterErrorDetails details) { if (details.exceptionAsString().contains('A RenderFlex overflowed')) { return; // Suppress the error } FlutterError.presentError(details); }; Best Practices for Widget Testing in Flutter Test Small Units: Widget tests should be granular, focusing on small components. This ensures that errors can be easily traced to individual widgets. Mock External Dependencies: When widget testing in Flutter, try to isolate the widget from any external dependencies such as APIs or services. This is achieved using mock data or mock functions. Use Golden Tests: Golden tests can be helpful to ensure your widget matches an expected visual appearance. Golden testing captures the rendered widget as an image and compares it to a reference image to catch unintended UI changes. Run Tests Regularly: Widget tests should be run frequently as part of your CI/CD pipeline to catch bugs early and maintain UI stability.Advantages of Widget Testing in Flutter Faster Execution Reliable Feedback Cost-Efficient Debugging Widget tests run much faster compared to integration tests, as they do not require the full app context to be loaded.Since widget tests run in isolation, they provide highly reliable feedback on individual component behavior without interference from other parts of the application.Early detection of UI bugs prevents costly reworks down the line, especially as your Flutter application scales in complexity.ConclusionWidget testing in Flutter is an indispensable tool for ensuring the reliability and correctness of user interface components. By incorporating widget testing into your development and quality assurance workflows, you can confidently validate the behavior of your app’s building blocks, ultimately delivering a better experience to your users. From understanding the basics to writing comprehensive tests and following best practices, this guide serves as a roadmap for mastering widget testing in Flutter.To take your testing knowledge further, explore our next guide on Integration Testing in Flutter, where we dive deeper into testing complete workflows and interactions within your app. Integration Testing in Flutter Flutter integration testing is a crucial step in ensuring that your app works seamlessly as a whole. It allows us to verify user flows, interactions between widgets, and the final output as seen by the user. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the process of creating an integration test for a Flutter app using a complete flow from a WelcomeScreen to a HomeScreen. By focusing on the text fields, buttons, and navigation routes, we’ll simulate real-world user interactions. If you’re looking to strengthen your Flutter testing toolkit, this is a great place to start.What is Integration Testing in Flutter?Integration testing in Flutter bridges the gap between unit tests and end-to-end tests. While unit tests validate individual methods or widgets, integration tests validate entire user flows across screens. This ensures the components work together harmoniously.Let’s take a practical example: a Sign In flow. We’ll verify that all interactive elements, such as text fields and buttons, function correctly. Additionally, we’ll ensure the navigation routes transition the user seamlessly between screens. Our integration test will involve three screens: WelcomeScreen , SignInScreen , and HomeScreen . Flutter Integration Test Running On iPhoneSetting Up Flutter Integration TestingWe begin with the following Flutter widget code. It sets up three key screens: WelcomeScreen: The starting screen offering options to [direction]Sign In[/direction] or [direction]Sign Up[/direction]. SignInScreen: The screen where users input their credentials. HomeScreen: The destination screen once a user signs in successfully.Writing Your First Integration TestTo start, create a new file in the integration_test directory, such as sign_in_screen_e2e_test.dart. This file will define tests to interact with the sign screen, simulating user flows like signing in. Flutter Integration Test File NameBegin by importing the necessary packages, including flutter_test for testing, integration_test for simulating interactions, and main.dart from your app. Use an alias like app for main.dart to avoid naming conflicts and make it clear you’re referencing your app’s entry point.Initialize the integration test environment by calling IntegrationTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized(). This setup allows you to simulate real-world app usage.Integration Test – main.dart as appimport 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart'; import 'package:integration_test/integration_test.dart'; import 'package:get/get.dart'; import 'package:richapp/routes/routes.dart'; import 'package:richapp/main.dart' as app; void main() { IntegrationTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized(); //...Testing the WelcomeScreenThe first step in our test is verifying the WelcomeScreen UI elements and functionality. The test checks if SIGN IN and SIGN UP buttons are displayed and functional. Inside the testWidgets function, call app.main() to launch your app. Flutter App Welcome ScreenWelcome Screen ElementstestWidgets('Complete flow from WelcomeScreen to HomeScreen', (WidgetTester tester) async { // Builds and loads the test app app.main(); // Wait for the WelcomeScreen to load await tester.pumpAndSettle(); // Verify WelcomeScreen is displayed expect(find.text('SIGN IN'), findsOneWidget); expect(find.text('SIGN UP'), findsOneWidget); // Tap the Sign In button on the WelcomeScreen await tester.tap(find.text('SIGN IN')); //await tester.pumpAndSettle(); await tester.pump(Duration(milliseconds: 1000)); //... The expect assertions confirm the presence of buttons, and tap simulates the user’s action of tapping SIGN IN .Testing the Sign In ScreenAfter navigating to the SignInScreen, the test verifies the presence of input fields for email and password, as well as the SIGN IN button. iPhone: Sign In ScreenSignIn Screen Elements// Verify SignInScreen is displayed expect(find.byKey(Key('email_username')), findsOneWidget); expect(find.byKey(Key('password')), findsOneWidget); expect(find.byKey(Key('sign_in_btn')), findsOneWidget); // Enter email and password await tester.enterText(find.byKey(Key('email_username')), 'test@example.com'); await tester.enterText(find.byKey(Key('password')), 'password123'); await tester.pump(Duration(milliseconds: 1000)); // Tap the Sign In button await tester.tap(find.byKey(Key('sign_in_btn'))); await tester.pump(Duration(milliseconds: 1000)); //...The enterText method mimics typing credentials into the fields.Testing the HomeScreen Finally, the test validates navigation to the HomeScreen and confirms key UI elements like the AppBar, Dashboard text, and menu icon are present. iPhone: Home ScreenHome Screen Elements// Simulate navigation to HomeScreen Get.toNamed(Routes.bottomNavigationScreen); await tester.pump(Duration(milliseconds: 1000)); // Verify HomeScreen is displayed expect(find.byType(AppBar), findsOneWidget); expect(find.text('Dashboard'), findsOneWidget); expect(find.byKey(Key('menu-icon')), findsOneWidget); //...By checking for these elements, we confirm that the user has successfully reached the HomeScreen.Run Testflutter test integration_test/app_test.dartBest Practices for Integration Testing in Flutter Use Realistic Data When performing integration testing in Flutter, it is best to use realistic test data that mimics real-world scenarios. This helps in identifying issues that could occur in actual usage, such as invalid user input or poor network conditions. Test Complete User Journeys Integration tests should cover complete user journeys rather than isolated actions. For instance, testing a purchase flow should cover product selection, adding to the cart, and completing the checkout. This ensures that all interactions and dependencies between components are working correctly. Optimize Test Execution Time Integration tests can take longer to run compared to unit tests. Make sure to optimize your tests by avoiding unnecessary waits and focusing on critical user flows. This reduces the time required for continuous integration and helps maintain productivity. Device Compatibility Flutter integration tests should be run on both Android and iOS to ensure compatibility across platforms. Consider using cloud-based testing services, such as Firebase Test Lab, to automate the execution of integration tests on a variety of devices.Common Challenges in Integration TestingWhile integration testing in Flutter is immensely valuable, it comes with its challenges. Managing Dependencies Maintenance Managing dependencies such as network responses can be cumbersome. To solve this, consider mocking or stubbing API calls to ensure tests are deterministic and can run without external dependencies. As the Flutter app undergoes changes, your integration tests may need frequent updates to align with new layouts or interactions. To mitigate this, ensure your tests are modular and maintainable.ConclusionIntegration testing in Flutter is a key component of building robust, high-quality mobile applications. By ensuring that all parts of the app work seamlessly together, you reduce the risk of unexpected issues arising in production. Setting up integration tests using the integration_test package allows QA testers and developers to verify entire user flows, enhancing app stability and improving user experience.Keep exploring and integrating Flutter integration testing into your development process. Happy testing!
Performance Testing on Android Emulators Having covered UI testing, we now turn to performance testing on Android emulators. Performance testing helps identify bottlenecks and ensures your application runs smoothly under various conditions.Performance TestingPerformance testing is crucial for delivering a responsive and efficient app. It helps detect issues related to memory usage, CPU load, and network performance, ensuring a seamless user experience.Using Android Profiler Open Android Profiler - In Android Studio, navigate to: View > Tool Windows > Profiler or you can click the Profiler icon in the bottom toolbar. Android Studio Profiler Select an Emulator: Choose the emulator or device to profile. If your device is already running, it will automatically use that device. Android Studio Profiler > Select Active Emulator CPU Profiler: Monitor your app's CPU usage, threads, and methods. Android Studio Profiler > CPU Profiler Memory Profiler: Track memory allocation and garbage collection. Android Studio Profiler > Memory ProfilerRunning Performance Tests Profile Your App: Use the profiler tools to identify performance issues during test execution.Memory Profiler Record Android Studio > Memory Profiler Record Android Studio > Memory Profiler ResultsCPU Profiler Record Android Studio > CPU Profiler Record Android Studio > CPU Profiler ResultsConclusionPerformance testing on Android emulators is essential for optimizing your app and ensuring it performs well under various conditions. This completes our series of guides on mastering Android Studio and emulators. Keep exploring and honing your skills to become a proficient Android developer and QA tester.
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Intro to Appium Welcome to the first part of our Mastering QA series, where we delve into the world of Appium, a powerful open-source tool for mobile app automation. Appium allows you to write tests for iOS and Android applications using the same API, which makes it a versatile and indispensable tool for QA engineers. Appium Desktop AppWhat is Appium?Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications. It allows you to write tests for mobile apps on Android and iOS platforms using a variety of programming languages, such as Java, Python, Ruby, and more. Appium is built on the philosophy that testing native or hybrid apps shouldn’t require including an SDK or recompiling your app. Appium Server RunningKey Features of Appium Cross-Platform: Supports testing on both Android and iOS. Multiple Languages: Write tests in any language that has a Selenium client library. Open Source: Free to use and has a large, active community. No App Modification: No need to modify or recompile your app for testing. Understanding Android Desired Capabilities When setting up your testing environment for Android applications, it's crucial to configure the desired capabilities properly. For our setup, we define the following properties:PLATFORM_NAME: AndroidPLATFORM_VERSION: 13.0DEVICE_NAME: emulator-5554APP: [Your app path here]AUTOMATION_NAME: Flutter (for Flutter applications), for typical Android frameworks use UIAutomator2 Android Desired Capabilities Setup Understanding IOS Desired Capabilities To set up your iOS testing environment, configure the following Desired Capabilities:PLATFORM_NAME: iOSPLATFORM_VERSION: 17.0.1DEVICE_NAME: iPhone 15 ProUDID: [Add your device ID here]APP: [Your app path here]AUTOMATION_NAME: Use Flutter for Flutter applications, or opt for XCUITest for native iOS testing.Additionally, ensure to include:xcodeOrgID: [Your Xcode organization ID]xcodeSigningID: [Your Xcode signing ID]This configuration ensures a seamless testing experience across iOS platforms, leveraging the latest capabilities and features. IOS Desired Capabilities SetupWhy Use AppiumAppium stands out for several reasons, here are a few to consider. Versatility: It supports a wide range of mobile applications, including native, hybrid, and mobile web applications. Flexibility: You can use your preferred development tools, practices, and frameworks. Integration: Easily integrates with popular CI/CD tools, enhancing your development workflow. Community: Strong community support ensures continuous improvement and a wealth of shared knowledge and resources.ConclusionNow that you have a basic understanding of what Appium is and why it’s beneficial, it’s time to get hands-on. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through Setting up Appium on Your Local Machine.
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JMeter Official DocsExplore the official JMeter documentation to master performance testing, optimize your testing workflows, and effectively manage test data. Visit the JMeter Website for the latest updates and in-depth guides. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles Introduction to JMeter Setting Up Your First JMeter Test Testing REST APIs with JMeter Managing Test Data with a CSV File Understanding and Implementing Assertions in JMeter Introduction to JMeter IntroductionApache JMeter is a powerful, open-source tool designed for load testing and performance measurement. As a cornerstone of many QA testers’ toolkits, JMeter allows teams to simulate real-world workloads and measure application performance under various conditions. Whether you’re new to QA testing or a seasoned expert, understanding JMeter is essential for effective performance testing. This guide will introduce you to JMeter’s core features and help you set up your environment.What is JMeter? JMeter is a Java-based application developed by the Apache Software Foundation. Initially designed for testing web applications, it has evolved to support a wide range of protocols, including HTTP, FTP, JDBCand more. Its intuitive GUI and robust scripting capabilities make it ideal for stress testing, functional testing, and regression testing. Key Features of JMeter Protocol Support: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, JDBC, JMS and more. Extensibility: Plugin support to enhance functionalities. Automation-Friendly: Command-line execution for CI/CD pipelines. Visualization: Graphs and reports to analyze results effectively.Setting Up JMeter Apache JMeter Download Page Download JMeter: Visit the Apache JMeter website and download the latest version. Install Java: Ensure Java (JDK) is installed on your system. JMeter requires Java to run. Extract and Run: Extract the downloaded file. In [direction]Terminal [/direction] navigate to the bin folder and run sh jmeter.sh to launch the JMeter tool. Launching JMeter ToolSetting Up A JMeter Alias Tip: Launching JMeter with One CommandSetup a jmeter.sh alias in your .zshrc or bash_profile that will allow you to quickly launch the JMeter tool with a single command.JMeter Quick Launch Setup#JAVA_HOME Path export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-17.jdk/Contents/Home #JMETER_HOME Path & alias export JMETER_HOME=/Downloads/apache-jmeter-5.6.3/bin alias jmeter=cd $JMETER_HOME && sh jmeter.sh # Adding all necessary paths to $PATH export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JMETER_HOME:$PATH Edit .zshrc File: Open Your .zshrc file using a text editor. Paste the Code: Apply the above configuration to your file Save and Exit: Save the file. Apply Changes: Apply the changes to the current shell session by running source ~/.zshrc Open Terminal: Launch [direction]Terminal[/direction] and run this command jmeter.shConclusionNow that you know what JMeter is and how to set it up, you’re ready to create your first test plan. Read the next guide, Setting Up Your First JMeter Test to begin your hands-on journey. Setting Up Your First JMeter Test IntroductionCreating your first JMeter test is an exciting step toward mastering performance testing. This guide will walk you through building a simple test plan, adding users, and analyzing results.Creating a JMeter Test Plan 1 Open JMeter 2 Edit Test Plan 3 Configure the Thread Group Launch the application from [direction]Terminal[/direction] using the jmeter.sh alias.[caption id="attachment_21331" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Running JMeter From Terminal Using An Alias[/caption]Give Your [direction]Test Plan[/direction] an appropriate name.Right-click on the [direction]Test Plan[/direction] node and select [direction] Add > Threads (Users) > Thread Group[/direction][caption id="attachment_21330" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding Thread Group To A Test Plan[/caption]Give your [direction]Test Group[/direction] an appropriate name.[caption id="attachment_21346" align="aligncenter" width="2560"] Configuring Test Group[/caption]Number of Threads: Specify how many virtual users to simulate.Ramp-Up Period: Set the time for users to start.Loop Count: Define how many times the test will repeat. Adding Samplers and Listeners 1. Add an HTTP Sampler Right-click on the Thread Group and select [direction] Add > Sampler > HTTP Request.[/direction][caption id="attachment_21360" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding A HTTP Request Sampler[/caption]Enter the target server details www.masteringqa.com [caption id="attachment_21367" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding Server Details[/caption] 2. Add a Listener Right-click on the Thread Group and select [direction]Add > Listener > View Results In Table.[/direction][caption id="attachment_21377" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Listener To View Results in A Table[/caption]Running the JMeter TestClick the green start button . JMeter will prompt you to save the project, then execute your test plan and display results in the listener. Clicking The Green Play Button Save JMeter Project View JMeter Results In TableConclusionYou’ve just created and executed your first JMeter test! Next, delve into Effective Use of Samplers in JMeter to explore advanced configurations and real-world scenarios. Testing REST APIs with JMeter REST APIs have become the backbone of modern applications, enabling seamless communication between services. Testing these APIs is critical to ensure they function as expected under various loads. JMeter simplifies this process by providing a user-friendly interface to simulate and monitor API requests and responses.In this guide, I will cover how to set up JMeter, configure a test plan for REST API testing, and analyze the results to improve API performance and reliability.Configuring HTTP Requests for REST API TestingTo test a REST API, you need to configure HTTP requests within JMeter. Here’s how: 1. Add HTTP Request Sampler Create a Thread Group. Right click on the [direction]Test Plan[/direction] and click [direction]Add > Thread Users > Thread Group[/direction][caption id="attachment_21330" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Creating a new Thread Group[/caption]Right-click on the Thread Group, then select [direction]Add > Sampler > HTTP Request[/direction]. This sampler allows you to define the API endpoint and request details.[caption id="attachment_21482" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Creating a new HTTP Request[/caption] 2. Set API Endpoint Enter the server name or IP address in the [direction]Server Name or IP[/direction] field and specify the API path in the [direction]Path[/direction] field.[caption id="attachment_21462" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Configuring Server Name & Path[/caption] 3. Choose HTTP Method Specify the HTTP method GET, POST, PUT, DELETE in the [direction]Method[/direction] dropdown.[caption id="attachment_21473" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Selecting the GET Method[/caption] 4. Add View Result Tree Listener Right-click on the HTTP RequestNavigate to [direction]Add > Listener > View Results Tree[/direction].[caption id="attachment_21514" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding a View Results Tree Listener[/caption][caption id="attachment_21515" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Viewing New Results Tree[/caption] Using REST API Request with Parameters 1 Add Parameters 2 User Defined Variables 3 Configure Headers For GET requests, add query parameters under the [direction]Parameters[/direction] tab.[caption id="attachment_21543" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding REST API Parameters[/caption]Update the Path to /current so we can append the variables to the path dynamicallyIn the Parameters tab, add the key-value pairs for the query parameters:Name: access_keyValue: ${API_KEY}Name: queryValue: ${CITY}[caption id="attachment_21539" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] New Parameter Variables Added[/caption]This ensures the parameters are appended to the URL automatically by JMeter.For POST or PUT requests, add request body data in the [direction]Body Data[/direction] tab.We'll use a User Defined Variables configuration element to define the values for API_KEY and CITY.Example:API_KEY = YOUR_API_KEY_GOES_HERECITY = New%20YorkAdd an HTTP Header Manager to include content types, authentication tokens, or other required headers. Right-click on the [direction]Thread Group[/direction] and select [direction]Add > Config Element > HTTP Header Manager[/direction]. Running Your JMeter REST API Tests After configuring your Http Request for your REST API , it’s time to run the tests: Clicking Green Play To Run Tests Click the [direction]Green Start [/direction] button at the top menu. Monitor the results in the configured listeners. Analyze response times, throughput, and error percentages to identify areas for improvement. API Response Returned SuccessfullyEnhancing REST API with Assertions and ListenersAssertions and listeners play a crucial role in validating API responses and monitoring test results: Add Assertions Include Listeners Use Response Assertions to validate API responses. For example, ensure the response contains specific JSON data or a particular status code.Right-click on the HTTP Request Sampler and select Add Assertions Response Assertion .Listeners provide insights into the results of your test. Add a View Results Tree listener to debug and analyze each request-response cycle. Add Summary Report and Aggregate Report listeners to monitor overall performance metrics.ConclusionTesting REST APIs with JMeter ensures they meet both functional and performance expectations. By setting up a robust test plan, leveraging assertions, and analyzing results, you can identify bottlenecks and optimize your APIs effectively. As REST APIs continue to power critical applications, mastering tools like JMeter is an essential skill for QA testers. Managing Test Data with a CSV File Managing test data is a critical aspect of performance testing. The CSV Data Set Config element in JMeter allows you to read data from CSV files, making your tests more dynamic and data-driven. This guide will explain how to configure and use CSV Data Set Config in your JMeter test plans. CSV Data For JMeter TestWhat is CSV Data Set Config?CSV Data Set Config is a JMeter configuration element that reads data from a CSV file and passes it to your samplers. This enables you to test with different sets of data without modifying your test plans.Setting Up CSV Data Set Config 1 Prepare CSV File 2 Add CSV Data Set Config 3 Configure CSV Data Set Create a CSV file in Excel or Google Sheets with the sample test data in the table below.[caption id="attachment_21610" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] JMeter Test CSV Data[/caption]In JMeter, right-click on the Test Plan, add navigate to [direction]Config Element > CSV Data Set Config[/direction] to create a new CSV Data Set Config.Set the File Name, Variable Names, and other options. API_KEY CITY8c61aeb7fa3ec2310426e0e1c4558acfBoston8c61aeb7fa3ec2310426e0e1c4558acfHarrisburg8c61aeb7fa3ec2310426e0e1c4558acfRichmond8c61aeb7fa3ec2310426e0e1c4558acfMiamiUsing CSV Data in Samplers Reference Variables Use the variable names from CSV Data Set Config in your samplers. For example, in the HTTP Request sampler:Path: /current?access_key=${API_KEY}&query=${CITY}[caption id="attachment_21626" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] JMeter Path Setup[/caption]Running All The Rows in the CSV File Setting Count Based on the No. of Rows in the CSV Go to your Thread Group Set the Loop Count to match the number of rows in your CSV. In this case it will be 4. Click the Green play button to run the test. Running CSV TestConclusionUsing CSV Data Set Config allows for more flexible and data-driven testing. Next, we’ll explore how to Understand and Implement Assertions in JMeter to validate responses and ensure your application behaves as expected. Understanding and Implementing Assertions in JMeter Assertions are essential in JMeter to validate the response data from your test requests. They help ensure your application is returning the expected results. This guide will cover different types of assertions in JMeter and how to implement them effectively.What are Assertions?Assertions in JMeter are used to validate the responses received from the server. They check if the response contains the expected data, ensuring the correctness and reliability of your application.Types of Assertions Response Assertion: Checks if the response text or part of it matches a pattern Duration Assertion: Checks if the response time is within a specified limit. Size Assertion: Checks if the response size is within a specified range. JSON Assertion: Validates the structure of JSON response data.Create A Simple Thread Group Open JMeter and create a [direction]Thread Group[/direction]. Add an [direction]HTTP Request Sampler [/direction] under the [direction]Thread Group[/direction]. Set the HTTP Method to [direction]GET [/direction]. Set the URL to your test URL. Add query parameters as needed.Response AssertionThe Response Assertion checks if the response text, response code, headers, or other attributes contain specific patterns. This is useful for verifying that the API response includes expected content. Response Assertion Add a Response Assertion under the HTTP Request Sampler.Right-click [direction]HTTP Request Sampler > Add > Assertions > Response Assertion [/direction][caption id="attachment_21703" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding Response Assertion[/caption]In the [direction]Response Field to Test[/direction] section, select [direction]Text Response[/direction].In the [direction]Pattern to Test[/direction] section, add patterns you want to verify.[caption id="attachment_21707" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Validating Text Response[/caption]Expected Pattern: "region":"Massachusetts"Test Result: If the response contains this exact text, the assertion passes.Duration AssertionThe Duration Assertion checks if the response time is within a specified limit. This is useful for performance testing. Duration Assertion Add a Duration Assertion to the HTTP Request Sampler.Right-click [direction]HTTP Request Sampler > Add > Assertions > Duration Assertion [/direction][caption id="attachment_21711" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding a Duration Assertion[/caption]Set the [direction]Duration in Milliseconds[/direction] field to a value that represents the acceptable response time.[caption id="attachment_21713" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Validating that Response Duration is under 1000ms[/caption]Example:Max Duration: 1000 msTest Result: If the response time is less than or equal to 1000 ms, the assertion passes. Otherwise, it fails.Size AssertionThe Size Assertion checks if the size of the response is within a specified range. This is useful for verifying that the API returns data of expected size. Size Assertion Add a Size Assertion to the HTTP Request Sampler.Right-click [direction]HTTP Request Sampler > Add > Assertions > Size Assertion [/direction][caption id="attachment_21717" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding A Size Assertion[/caption]Set the [direction]Size in bytes[/direction] field to the expected range.[caption id="attachment_21719" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Validating Response Size is less than 2000 bytes[/caption]Example:Expected Size Range: less than 2000 bytesTest Result: If the response size falls within this range, the assertion passes.JSON AssertionThe JSON Assertion validates the structure and content of JSON responses. This is useful for ensuring specific keys and values exist in the JSON data. JSON Assertion Steps to Configure:Add a JSON Assertion to the HTTP Request Sampler.Right-click [direction]HTTP Request Sampler > Add > Assertions > JSON Assertion [/direction][caption id="attachment_21723" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Adding a JSON Aseertion[/caption]Define JSON Paths for the keys you want to verify.[caption id="attachment_21725" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Configuring JSON Path & Expected Value[/caption]Example:JSON Path: $.location.nameExpected Value: BostonTest Result: If the JSON paths match the expected values, the assertion passes.ConclusionAssertions are vital for validating the responses in your JMeter tests. With a solid understanding of assertions, you can ensure your application behaves as expected under various conditions.
Setting Up Appium on Local Machine In the previous guide, we introduced you to Appium and its benefits. Now, let’s get started with setting up Appium on your local machine so you can begin writing and executing your tests.PrerequisitesBefore you start, ensure you have the following installed. Java Development Kit (JDK): Appium requires Java, so download and install the JDK. Node.js: Appium is built on Node.js, so you'll need to install it. Android SDK: Necessary for Android app testing. [conditional_data dependency="Windows"]Xcode: N/A[/conditional_data][conditional_data dependency="Mac"]Xcode: Required for iOS app testing.[/conditional_data]Getting StartedInstall Java and Configure the Environment Variables. Download and install the JDK from the Oracle website. Next we are going to setup the JAVA_HOME and update the PATH environment variable to ensure Java is configured correctly on your system. How to Set JAVA HOME Environment Variable on Mac and Windows Install Node.js Installing Node.js is essential for setting up Appium, as Appium relies on Node.js. With Node.js, you can run the Appium server and use npm to install Appium and its dependencies efficiently. This setup is crucial for automating mobile application tests on both Android and iOS platforms. Download and install Node.js from the official website. How To Install Node.js On Mac & Windows Guide Install Appium CLI & Appium Doctor CommandsInstall Appium: Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications on Android and iOS. To get started, you need to install Appium and its dependencies: Open your [conditional_data dependency="windows"]Command Prompt[/conditional_data][conditional_data dependency="mac"]Terminal[/conditional_data] and run the following command.bashnpm install -g appiumInstall Appium Doctor: Appium Doctor is a tool that helps you verify that all the dependencies required for running Appium are properly installed on your system. It checks for Node.js, Java, Android SDK, Xcode and more.Install Appium Desktop GUI Appium Desktop is a graphical user interface (GUI) for Appium, providing an easy way to interact with the Appium server and inspect mobile application elements. It simplifies the process of setting up and managing Appium sessions, making it an essential tool for mobile test automation. Appium Desktop App Download and install Appium Desktop from the Appium website.Install Android SDK To use Appium for automating tests on Android devices, you need to install the Android Software Development Kit (SDK). The Android SDK provides the necessary tools and libraries for developing and testing Android applications. It includes the Android platform tools, such as adb, which Appium uses to interact with Android devices and emulators. Download and install the Android SDK from the Android Developer website or you can follow our guide below. Introduction to Android Studio Configure Android Environment VariablesSet ANDROID_HOME and update the PATH environment variable..bash_profile/.zshrcexport ANDROID_HOME=/path/to/android/sdk export PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/tools:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools:$PATH Install XcodeTo use Appium for testing iOS applications, you’ll need to install Xcode on your Mac. Xcode is Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS, used for developing software for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It includes a suite of software development tools, including the iOS Simulator, which is essential for testing iOS apps with Appium.Searching For XCode In Mac App StoreFollow this guide below to Setuo Xcode on your machine. Protected: Getting Started with Xcode ConclusionCongratulations! You have successfully set up Appium on your local machine. Now you’re ready to write your first test case with Appium. In the next guide, we’ll walk you through Writing Your First Appium Test Case with Appium.
JUnit Official DocsStay up-to-date with the latest JUnit features, documentation, and best practices by visiting the Official JUnit webpage. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced tester, JUnit’s official site provides valuable resources to enhance your web app testing workflow. Become a Pro Member - Unlock Advanced Tools & ResourcesGain exclusive access to test apps and automation frameworks designed to elevate your QA skills. Become a Pro Member! Articles Introduction to JUnit Setting Up JUnit in Your Development Environment Writing Your First Web Test Case with JUnit Understanding JUnit Assertions and Annotations Testing Exceptions in JUnit Using JUnit Test Suites to Organize Tests Introduction to JUnit JUnit is one of the most widely used testing frameworks for Java applications, particularly for web applications. As a QA tester specializing in web app testing, we use JUnit to automate unit tests and ensure that individual components of a web application work correctly before integrating them into the larger system. In this guide, we will introduce you to JUnit, its significance in automated web app testing, and its key features.What is JUnit?JUnit is an open-source framework designed for unit testing Java applications. It provides a structured approach to writing and executing test cases, making test automation more efficient. JUnit supports annotations, assertions, and test runners to facilitate effective test execution. Why Use JUnit for Web App Testing? Early Bug Detection: Helps identify issues in web app components before they reach production. Automation and Efficiency: Reduces manual effort by automating unit tests for backend services, controllers, and API endpoints. Integration with Build Tools: Works seamlessly with tools like Maven, Gradle, and Jenkins for continuous integration. Better Code Quality: Encourages test-driven development (TDD) to ensure robust and reliable web applications.Key Features of JUnit Assertions: Validate expected and actual values in test cases. Annotations: Simplify test execution with @BeforeEach, @Test and @AfterEach. Test Suites: Group multiple test classes into a single test suite. Parameterized Tests: Enables running the same test with different inputs.JUnit Code Example for Web App Testing Below is a simple example of a JUnit test for unlocking a Web Application from a Locked Screen state. Example of JUnit Web App Testpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class UnlockScreenTest { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeEach void setup() throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); // wait for 2 seconds (not recommended for testing purpose) Thread.sleep(2000); } @Test void unlockLockedScreenTest() throws InterruptedException { // get password element WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("pwd")); passwordField.click(); passwordField.sendKeys("Test123!"); // get unlock button element WebElement unlockButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-primary")); unlockButton.click(); // verify user is logged in WebElement welcomeUser = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".profile-info.profile-info-no-role")); assertTrue(welcomeUser.getText().contains("Hi, John Doe"), "User is logged in successfully"); } @AfterEach void teardown() { driver.quit(); } }ConclusionJUnit is a powerful tool for unit testing web applications, providing a structured and efficient way to verify software functionality. By integrating JUnit into your development workflow, you can enhance code quality and detect potential bugs early in the software development lifecycle. In the next guide, we will walk you through Setting Up JUnit in Your Development Environment to ensure a smooth testing process. Setting Up JUnit in Your Development Environment Before we begin testing, we need to set up JUnit in our development environment. In this guide, we will show you how to install and configure JUnit for web application testing using popular build tools like Maven and Gradle.PrerequisitesTo follow along, ensure you have the following: Java Development Kit (JDK) installed (preferably Java 8 or higher). An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse. Maven or Gradle for dependency management. A basic understanding of Java.Setting Up JUnit with MavenIf you’re using Maven, add the JUnit dependency to your pom.xml file:JUnit Maven Dependency<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>5.9.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>Setting Up JUnit with GradleFor Gradle, include the following in your build.gradle file:JUnit Gradle Dependencydependencies { testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.0' testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.0' }Verifying the SetupTo verify that JUnit is correctly set up, create a simple test class:JUnit Example Testpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; class SimpleJUnitTest { @Test void junitAssertTrue() { assertTrue(true, "JUnit setup is successful"); } } @Test: Marks the junitAssertTrue method as a test case. assertTrue(true, "JUnit setup is successful"): This assertion checks whether the boolean value true is indeed true. The second argument, "JUnit setup is successful", is an optional message that will be displayed if the assertion fails. Run the test from your IDE or use the following command mvn test.Running Maven from IDE Running JUnit Test from Eclipse IDERunning Maven from CommandRun JUnit Test# choose one mvn test # to run all tests mvn -Dtest=LockedScreenSimpleTest test # to run specific testConclusionSetting up JUnit in your development environment is the first step towards effective unit testing. With JUnit configured, you can start writing test cases to validate your web application’s functionality. In the next guide, we will cover Writing Your First Test with JUnit to help you get started with test automation. Writing Your First Web Test Case with JUnit Now that JUnit is set up, it’s time to write our first test. In this guide, I will walk you through creating a simple test case for verifying web elements on a webpage using JUnit and Selenium. We will use this demo web page as the basis for our test.Setting Up Web Testing with JUnitJUnit alone is not designed for web testing, but it works well with Selenium WebDriver, a powerful tool for automating browser interactions. To test elements on a webpage, we need to add the Selenium dependency to our project.Adding Selenium DependencyIf you are using Maven, add the following dependencies to your pom.xml:Add Maven Selenium Dependency <!-- Selenium Java --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>4.20.0</version> </dependency> <!-- JUnit 5 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>5.9.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>Writing a JUnit Test to Verify Web Elements We will now write a test case that verifies elements on the Locked Screen page of the demo web application. The test will: Open the test webpage. Verify that the name John Doe is displayed. Close the browser once the test is done. Locked Screen Test PageCreating the LockScreenTest test case.LockedScreenSimpleTest Classpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class LockedScreenSimpleTest { private WebDriver driver; @Test void testNameIsDisplayed() throws InterruptedException { // setup chrome driver System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); // launch URL for testing driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); // wait for 5 seconds (not recommended for testing purpose) Thread.sleep(3000); // find the name element WebElement name = driver.findElement(By.className("user-name")); // verify that name displayed is John Doe assertTrue(name.getText().trim().matches("John Doe"), "User name should be John Doe"); // close the browser when the test is complete driver.quit(); } }Explanation of testNameIsDisplayed Test CodeThis JUnit test verifies that the Locked Screen Page correctly displays the user name John Doe. Setup Chrome WebDriver to automate the browser. Open the Locked Screen page using Selenium driver. Wait for 3 seconds (not recommended, should use explicit waits). Locate the name element using its class name: user-name. Validate if the displayed name matches John Doe. Close the browser after the test.Running the TestTo execute the test, use the following command: Run JUnit Test# choose one mvn test # to run all tests mvn -Dtest=LockedScreenSimpleTest test # to run specific testConclusionBy writing your first test with JUnit, you have taken an essential step in ensuring the reliability of your web application. In the next guide, we will cover Understanding JUnit Assertions and Annotations to help you create more comprehensive test cases. Understanding JUnit Assertions and Annotations JUnit provides a variety of assertions and annotations to facilitate effective test execution. Assertions help validate expected and actual outcomes, while annotations simplify test organization and execution flow. In this guide, Wwe will explore the different assertions and annotations available in JUnit and demonstrate their usage with practical examples.Understanding JUnit AssertionsAssertions are used to verify that expected outcomes match actual results. JUnit provides several assertion methods, including:JUnit Assertions Testimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; class AssertionsTest { @Test void testAssertions() { assertEquals(5, 2 + 3, "Addition result should be 5"); assertTrue(3 > 1, "3 should be greater than 1"); assertFalse(2 > 5, "2 is not greater than 5"); assertNotNull("JUnit", "String should not be null"); } }Common JUnit AnnotationsJUnit annotations control test execution and setup. Some of the key annotations include: @Test: Marks a method as a test case. @BeforeEach: Runs before each test method. @AfterEach: Runs after each test method. @BeforeAll: Runs once before all test methods in the class. @AfterAll: Runs once after all test methods in the class.JUnit Annotations ExplainedJUnit provides several annotations that control test execution and setup. These annotations help in organizing and structuring test cases efficiently. Test BeforeEach AfterEach BeforeAll AfterAll @Test – Marks a Method as a Test CaseThis annotation is used to indicate that a method is a test case.JUnit will automatically execute any method annotated with @Test. Example: @Test Annotation Example@Test void testExample() { assertEquals(10, 5 + 5, "Sum should be 10"); }@BeforeEach – Runs Before Each Test MethodThis annotation is used to execute a method before each @Test method.Typically used for test setup, such as initializing test data or opening a database connection. Example: BeforeEach Annotations Example@BeforeEach void setup() { System.out.println("Setup before each test"); }If there are multiple test methods, @BeforeEach will run before every test method execution.@AfterEach – Runs After Each Test MethodThis annotation ensures that a method runs after each test method.It is commonly used for cleanup, such as closing database connections or releasing resources. Example: AfterEach Annotations Example@AfterEach void cleanup() { System.out.println("Cleanup after each test"); }If there are multiple test methods, @AfterEach will run after every test method execution.@BeforeAll – Runs Once Before All Test MethodsThis annotation is used to execute a method once before any test methods in the class.It is typically used for expensive setup operations like establishing a database connection or starting a web server.The method must be static. Example: BeforeAll Annotations Example@BeforeAll static void setupAll() { System.out.println("Runs once before all tests"); }This method runs only once per test class.@AfterAll – Runs Once After All Test MethodsThis annotation ensures that a method runs only once after all test methods have been executed.It is used for global cleanup operations like shutting down a database or stopping a web server.The method must be static. Example: AfterAll Annoations Example@AfterAll static void cleanupAll() { System.out.println("Runs once after all tests"); }This method runs only once per test class, at the very end.Using JUnit Assertions and Annotations in a Real TestThis test case automates the validation of a locked screen page. It checks whether key elements, such as the user’s name, email, password field, and unlock button, are correctly displayed and functioning as expected.LockedScreenTest class | JUnit Common Annotationspackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class LockedScreenTest { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeEach void setup() throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); Thread.sleep(3000); } @Test void testNameIsDisplayed() { WebElement name = driver.findElement(By.className("user-name")); assertTrue(name.getText().trim().matches("John Doe"), "User name should be John Doe"); } @Test void testEmailIsDisplayed() { WebElement email = driver.findElement(By.className("user-email")); assertEquals("johndoe@okler.com", email.getText().trim(), "User email should match"); } @Test void testPasswordFieldDoesNotContainName() { WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("pwd")); assertNotEquals("John Doe", passwordField.getAttribute("value"), "Password field should not contain the user name"); } @Test void testUnlockButtonIsPresent() { WebElement unlockButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-primary")); assertNotNull(unlockButton, "Unlock button should be present"); } @Test void testUnlockButtonInvalidLabel() { WebElement unlockButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-primary")); assertFalse(unlockButton.getAttribute("value") == "Denied", "Unlock button text should be Unlock"); } @AfterEach void teardown() { driver.quit(); } }Explanation of the Test Code @BeforeEach: Initializes the WebDriver and navigates to the locked screen page before each test runs. @Test testNameIsDisplayed(): Verifies that the user’s name is correctly displayed using contains() to avoid exact match issues. @Test testEmailIsDisplayed(): Ensures the email is displayed correctly and trims whitespace before comparing. @Test testPasswordFieldDoesNotContainName(): Confirms that the password field does not prefill the user’s name. @Test testUnlockButtonIsPresent(): Asserts that the button is not null, confirming it exists. testUnlockButtonInvalidLabel(): Asserts that its label is not "Denied", ensuring the correct button text. @AfterEach: Closes the browser after each test to free resources.ConclusionUnderstanding assertions and annotations enables you to write well-structured and maintainable test cases. Assertions ensure correctness, while annotations help manage the test lifecycle. In the next guide, we will explore Testing Exceptions in JUnit and how to verify exception handling in web applications. Testing Exceptions in JUnit Handling exceptions correctly is crucial in web application testing. JUnit allows us to verify whether methods throw expected exceptions, ensuring our application responds well to edge cases and incorrect inputs. In this guide, we will use a real web test case and modify it to trigger and validate exceptions in JUnit.Testing Exceptions with assertThrowsJUnit provides the assertThrows method to verify that a method throws a specific exception when executed. Let’s apply this to our Locked Screen Page test to check for scenarios where an element is not found.JUnit assertThrows Exception Testpackage com.mqa.junit.tests; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; class LockedScreenExceptionTest { private WebDriver driver; @BeforeEach void setup() { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/test/resources/driver/chromedriver"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/pages-lock-screen.html"); } @Test void testElementNotFoundException() { // Attempt to find a non-existent element and expect an exception assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, () -> { driver.findElement(By.id("username")); }, "Expected NoSuchElementException when element is not found"); } @Test void testIncorrectUrlAccess() { // Intentionally navigating to a wrong URL and checking an exception driver.get("https://jahmalrichard.github.io/mqa-demo-test-app/login.html"); assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, () -> { driver.findElement(By.className("user-name")); }, "Expected NoSuchElementException when trying to find an element on a non-existent page"); } @AfterEach void teardown() { driver.quit(); } }Explanation of the Exception Tests testElementNotFoundException() Tries to find an element with a non-existent ID.Uses assertThrows to check if NoSuchElementException is thrown.Ensures proper exception handling when an element is missing. testIncorrectUrlAccess() Navigates to an invalid webpage.Attempts to find an element, which should not exist.Uses assertThrows to verify that NoSuchElementException is thrown.Why Exception Testing Matters Ensures the application fails gracefully when unexpected situations occur. Helps prevent hard crashes by catching and handling errors properly. Strengthens test coverage by accounting for edge cases and failures.ConclusionTesting exceptions in JUnit ensures that your application correctly handles error scenarios. By using assertThrows, you can write clear and maintainable exception tests. In the next guide, we will explain Using JUnit Test Suites to Organize Tests to help manage multiple test cases efficiently. Using JUnit Test Suites to Organize Tests